European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Overview of Quality Standards for Competency-Based Addiction Training and Education Programs in Postgraduate and Continuing Medical Studies: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Tadeáš Samuel Zborník, Anna Volfová, Amalie Lososová, Elizabeth Nováková, Vendula Pokorná, Kateřina Svěcená, Michal Miovský","doi":"10.1159/000546610","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The medical profession plays a crucial role in preventing and treating substance use disorders. However, the quality of addiction-focused medical education, considering only graduate medical education (GME) and continuing medical education (CME) programs, varies across countries. This study aimed to explore the variety of published programs and curriculum components in competency-based approach to addiction medicine education for physicians and to highlight key areas in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involves a systematic review of literature to identify quality standards for competency-based education in GME and CME related to addiction. Electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, for relevant key terms following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) methodology. Studies included any English language text addressing educational competency-based models and standards for education within GME or CME in the UA and European Union. The process included identifying, screening, and reviewing articles and studies for relevance. The goal was to delineate existing competency-based training programs and highlight quality standards in education and training for physicians in a field of GME and CME.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result of this work led to the evaluation of curriculum topic standardization and agreement on core competencies to ensure that education in GME and CME is professionally consistent across states and universities. Our study included 55 articles describing models and standards for training programs in addiction medicine. In the final sample, articles that included specific information according to set criteria were included (n = 9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The description of specific competing interest educational evidence-based models and standards in GME and CME in addiction medical education is not sufficiently represented in published texts and is generally referred to general standards and models of individual institutions or universities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"232-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Comparison of Three Different Versions of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire: A Network Analysis Approach.","authors":"Emese Kroon, Christophe Romein, Chinouk Andriese, Ingmar Franken, Hanan El Marroun","doi":"10.1159/000546920","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alcohol is widely used but motives for consumption vary. Since drinking motives are proximal predictors of initiation and escalation of alcohol use, accurate measurement of these motives is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties - including factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability - of the 12-, 18-, and original 20-item versions of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ). Additionally, this study aimed to examine the associations between drinking motives and alcohol use outcomes using network analysis, providing insights into the direct and conditional relationships between different drinking motives and their real-life outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 434 adults (77.4% female) completed the baseline questionnaires and 130 (85.3% female) participated in a follow-up approximately 2 weeks later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the subscales of the DMQ had good internal consistency (α ≥ 0.80) regardless of version. Test-retest reliability was acceptable to good (rs = 0.71 to rs = 83) but was higher for social and enhancement than for conformity and coping motives. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 12-item short form outperformed the original 20-item version and the more recently proposed 18-item version. Partial correlation networks including DMQ subscales and alcohol outcomes revealed consistent positive association between social motives and binge drinking, alcohol use quantity per drink occasion and enhancement motives, while frequency of use was primarily associated with coping motives. However, while associations amongst drinking motives were identical in the 12- and 18-item version, these differed from the 20-item version.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates how network models can be valuable tools in the validation and comparison of questionnaires and shows that the 12-item DMQ could be a good alternative for the often used longer forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"197-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Cannabinoid Withdrawal: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.","authors":"Rishi Sharma, Aviv Weinstein","doi":"10.1159/000546633","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Synthetic cannabinoids are novel psychoactive substances with potential for abuse and severe withdrawal symptoms. Despite widespread use, research on withdrawal is limited. We conducted a systematic review of case reports describing SC withdrawal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature searches were conducted across databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, to identify case reports from inception to March 2025. Eligible studies involved human cases with confirmed SC use and clearly described withdrawal symptoms. Study quality was assessed using the CARE guidelines checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>N = 11 eligible case reports on SC withdrawal identified. The cases involved predominantly male (82%), mean age of 28.08 (SD 7.78). Most frequent withdrawal symptoms: psychosis (n = 9), agitation/irritability (n = 8), nausea/vomiting (n = 6), seizures (n = 5), tachycardia (n = 4), and insomnia (n = 3). Rarer effects like delirium, rhabdomyolysis, and auditory/visual hallucinations were also documented. Symptoms emerged within 24-48 h (62%) and resolved within 1 week. Case report quality was variable, with an average of 8 out of 13 CARE checklist items reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SC withdrawal manifests with a broad spectrum of physiological and psychological symptoms that can rapidly escalate and require prompt medical management in certain cases. SC withdrawal symptoms are more severe and unpredictable compared to natural cannabinoids, particularly among daily and frequent users. The findings highlight SC withdrawal as an understudied yet clinically important syndrome, necessitating further research to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms and develop evidence-based treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"274-285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Choosing Treatment with Extended-Release Naltrexone: A 6-Month Naturalistic Study.","authors":"Ida Halvorsen Brenna, Karin Merethe Waleur, Jūratė Šaltytė Benth, Kristin K Solli, Jon Mordal, Else-Marie Løberg, Bente Weimand, Lars Tanum","doi":"10.1159/000541431","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The treatment efficacy of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for opioid use disorder (OUD) has been demonstrated in several studies, but not in naturalistic settings where opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is freely accessible. This study aimed to examine the different treatment outcomes of XR-NTX in a setting where the participants freely chose XR-NTX as a treatment option instead of OAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a 24-week open-label clinical prospective cohort study conducted in an outpatient setting at five hospitals in Norway. The study included 161 participants aged 18-65 years with OUD. Intramuscular injections of XR-NTX were administered every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Measurements included retention in treatment, reasons for treatment discontinuation, days of use of opioids, other illicit substances and alcohol, level of heroin craving, treatment satisfaction, and adverse events (AEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 161 included participants, the mean age was 38 years, and 24% were women; 138 received at least one dose of the study medication (modified intention-to-treat [MITT] population), and mean time in treatment was 18.1 weeks (95% CI: 16.8-19.4). The majority of the MITT population (84; 60.9%) completed 24 weeks of treatment in the study. There was a significant decrease in the overall use of opioids (p < 0.001) and the use of alcohol, and other illicit substances were low. The participants generally reported high treatment satisfaction and low heroin cravings. Those who completed the 24 weeks of treatment reported significantly fewer days of opioid use (p < 0.001) and higher treatment satisfaction (p < 0.001) than those who discontinued treatment before 24 weeks. No serious AEs were directly related to XR-NTX use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated high retention rates, decreased opioid use, and low use of other illicit substances and alcohol. Participants also reported low cravings for heroin and high treatment satisfaction. Completion of the full 24-week treatment resulted in lower opioid use and increased treatment satisfaction compared to those who discontinued treatment before 24 weeks. The observed higher retention and reduced opioid use, compared to other studies, may be attributed to participants' strong motivation for opioid abstinence facilitated by XR-NTX treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Assessment of Training Needs in Addiction Medicine.","authors":"Cornelis A J DeJong, Gabrielle Welle-Strand, Enjeline Hanafi, Lucas Pinxten, Roshan Bhad, Shalini Arunogiri","doi":"10.1159/000542182","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A minority of addiction patients receive appropriate treatment directly from trained professionals in addiction medicine. Most countries have not recognized addiction medicine (AM) as a specialty in its own right or within psychiatry/other specialties. Therefore, the effectiveness and organization of AM training around the world need to be improved. Unfortunately, standard instruments are rarely used in most studies to assess training needs. This study aimed to determine international competencies in AM among professionals in as many countries as possible using a standard instrument such as the AM Training Needs Assessment (AM-TNA).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We examined competencies in AM with the AM-TNA using an online survey. A General Competency Level in Addiction Medicine (GLOCIAM30) was calculated by dividing the total score by the number of 30 items. This GLOCIAM30 was used to measure the general level of competency in AM and to compare individual competencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred ninety-nine respondents from 45 countries completed the survey. Ninety-five of the 199 respondents (49.0%) had a GLOCIAM30 higher or equal to 4 (fairly competent). The highest skill level was found for the competency \"Assessing substance use problems by taking the patient's history.\" Nine of the 45 countries had 8 or more respondents (n = 129). After post hoc analysis, there was no difference between these countries. Respondents could reasonably estimate whether the competency level in their country was higher or lower than the world average.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first international attempt to examine competencies in AM. Although a much larger study population is needed to establish an overall goal for competencies in AM, our study provided an initial direction for such a gold standard in benchmarking procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use-Related Factors and Recurrent Depression among Former Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients.","authors":"Joonas Halonen, Anu-Helmi Halt, Helinä Hakko, Pirkko Riipinen, Kaisa Riala","doi":"10.1159/000549944","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Recurrent depression is a challenging and common disorder in clinical psychiatry. Comorbid substance use disorder poses a challenge to effective treatments. The association between depression and substance abuse is widely documented, but less is known about how the recurrence of depression is associated with substance use disorders and the temporal connections between the two disorders in adolescence and early adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we analyzed the associations between recurrent depression and substance use patterns in former adolescent psychiatric inpatients, during initial inpatient hospitalization and follow-up period of 10-15 years. Study population consisted of 235 individuals admitted for adolescent psychiatric inpatient care, of whom 84 were in recurrent depression group and 151 were in single depressive episode group. Substance use experimentation ages, substance use frequencies during adolescence, onset ages of substance use disorders, and number of substance use disorder diagnoses in adolescence and early adulthood were analysed between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recurrent depression was associated with alcohol use disorders (p = 0.014) and multiple drug use disorders (p = 0.034) in early adulthood in males. In logistic regression analysis, alcohol use disorder was found to associate with recurrent depression in males (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.27-10.75, p = 0.017). There was no statistically significant difference in temporal associations between recurrent or single-episode depression in regard to onset age of substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results emphasize the need for early recognition and integrated treatment of substance use and depression in adolescence. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"396-408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12803523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145707735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Personal Recovery in a Sample of People with Opioid Use Disorder: Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Version of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery.","authors":"Anne Marciuch, Regina Skar-Fröding, Kristin Klemmetsby Solli, Lars Tanum, Bente Weimand","doi":"10.1159/000547897","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Personal recovery is an important target in mental health care settings and has been suggested as the \"bridging principle\" between mental health care and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. However, few psychometrically evaluated scales exist for measuring personal recovery in SUD research, and the questionnaire about the process of recovery (QPR), a measure of personal recovery widely used in the mental health field, has not been previously psychometrically evaluated in such a context. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the 22- and 15-item versions of the Norwegian translation of the QPR in terms of factor structure and internal consistency in an opioid use disorder (OUD) sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 156 people with OUD filled out the QPR. Exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factor and maximum likelihood as extraction method was performed to assess the dimensionality of the 22- and 15-item versions of the Norwegian translation of the QPR. Internal consistency was calculated according to Cronbach's alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal consistency for the 22-item version was α = 0.917. After removal of three items with low factor loadings internal consistency was α = 0.922. Internal consistency for 15-items version was α = 0.915. Exploratory factor analyses showed a clear one-factor solution for both the 22-item and 15-item version.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the 15- and the 22-item versions of QPR showed a clear one-factor solution; however, the 15-item version showed the strongest results in terms of explained variance. Thus, the 15-item version is the recommended version to use in SUD samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"336-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Recovery Priorities in Inpatient Addiction Treatment: A Q-Methodological Study.","authors":"Esther Pars, Joanneke E L VanDerNagel, Boukje A G Dijkstra, Arnt F A Schellekens","doi":"10.1159/000542371","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is increasingly recognized as a personal journey, necessitating an approach that considers individual goals and priorities. Research on recovery priorities in inpatient settings is limited. Our study employs Q-methodology to explore recovery priorities among clients with multimorbid SUD, aiming to guide targeted, recovery-oriented care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study employed Q-methodology to explore recovery priorities among 129 individuals entering inpatient addiction treatment. A collaboratively developed Q-set of 42 statements covered clinical, functional, and personal recovery goals. Participants ranked statements by importance, and rotated factor analysis was used to identify clusters of recovery priorities. Qualitative interview data were then analyzed for further interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 12 consensus statements and two distinct factors. Factor 1 (n = 60) emphasized personal growth and coping, while factor 2 (n = 51) highlighted practical aspects such as securing income and housing. Qualitative data supported these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the individual nature of recovery and the diversity within the addiction treatment population, our study identified shared goals and two distinct factors. This insight can inform tailored interventions, with factor 1 individuals potentially favoring psychological approaches and factor 2 individuals focusing on practical goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is the Real Impact of Smoking on Diseases Alleged to Benefit from It?","authors":"Meltem Yılmaz, Aksanur Gökçe, Onur Öztürk","doi":"10.1159/000549064","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Background: Cigarette smoking is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite its well-known harms, epidemiological studies have reported potential protective associations between smoking and certain diseases, necessitating a critical appraisal of these claims. Summary: This review evaluates evidence on smoking's impact across eight conditions: endometrial carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Parkinson's disease, uterine leiomyoma, pre-eclampsia, COVID-19, and psychological stress. While observational data suggest inverse associations in some cases, such effects are often modest, mechanistically unclear, and confounded by biases. The review underscores the scarcity of randomized clinical trials and highlights the complexity of disentangling nicotine's biological actions from the broader toxic effects of tobacco smoke. Key Messages: The potential \"protective\" effects of smoking do not outweigh its well-established detrimental health consequences. Smoking cessation remains paramount, and further rigorous clinical research is needed to clarify these paradoxical findings and to explore the therapeutic potential of nicotine independent of tobacco use. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"376-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Words versus Strands: Reliability and Stability of Concordance Rates of Self-Reported and Hair-Analyzed Substance Use of Young Adults over Time.","authors":"Clarissa Janousch, Lukas Eggenberger, Annekatrin Steinhoff, Lydia Johnson-Ferguson, Laura Bechtiger, Michelle Loher, Denis Ribeaud, Manuel Eisner, Markus R Baumgartner, Tina M Binz, Lilly Shanahan, Boris B Quednow","doi":"10.1159/000541713","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541713","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Population-level substance use research primarily relies on self-reports, which often underestimate actual use. Hair analyses offer a more objective estimate; however, longitudinal studies examining concordance are lacking. Previous studies showed that specific psychological and behavioral characteristics are associated with a higher likelihood of underreporting substance use, but the longitudinal stability of these associations remains unclear. We compared the prevalence of illegal and non-medical prescription substance use assessed with self-reports and hair analyses and predicted underreporting across two time points.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were drawn from a community cohort study. At the first time point, the sample with self-report and hair analysis comprised 1,002 participants (Mage = 20.6 [SD = 0.38] years, 50.2% female), of which 761 (Mage = 24.5 [SD = 0.38] years, 48.3% female) also provided hair at the second time point. We compared substance use 3-month prevalence rates assessed by self-reports and hair analyses for the most frequent substances cannabis/tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), amphetamines, Ecstasy/3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), cocaine, ketamine, codeine, and opioid painkillers. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to test behavioral and psychological predictors of underreporting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Self-reported past-year prevalence rates of non-medical substance use were high, specifically for cannabis (56% prevalence rate at age 20/49% at age 24), Ecstasy (13%/14%), codeine (13%/11%), cocaine (12%/13%), and opioid painkillers (4%/11%). Comparing self-report and hair-analysis 3-month prevalence rates over time, consistent underreporting (similar underreporting rates between time points and investigation of false negatives) was observed for daily cannabis (22%/23%), Ecstasy/MDMA (41%/52%), cocaine (30%/60%), ketamine (61%/72%), and codeine use (48%/51%). Underreporting of Ecstasy/MDMA, cocaine, ketamine, and opioid painkillers significantly increased. Contrarily, weekly to daily cannabis (31%/18%), amphetamine (95%/11%), and opioid painkiller use (12%/66%) were overreported. Hair analysis-derived 3-month prevalence rates of cocaine (9%/23%) and ketamine (2%/6%) strongly increased over time, while decreasing for codeine (11%/8%). Balanced accuracies were higher for hair analysis compared to self-reports for daily cannabis, Ecstasy/MDMA, cocaine, ketamine, and codeine but lower for weekly to daily cannabis and amphetamines, while fairly similar for opioid painkillers. Accuracy metrics were largely stable for cannabis measures but partially varied over time for other substances, which was likely driven by the large changes in underreporting. False negative reports were associated across both time points, indicating an intra-individual consistency of underreporting. At both time points, delinquency and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were ","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}