European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"High-Risk Cannabis Use: A Proposal of an Operational Definition through Delphi Methodology for Scientific Consensus.","authors":"Clara Oliveras, Pablo Rodrigo Guzman Cortez, Laura Nuno, Joan Colom, Cristina Casajuana Kögel, Francisco Pascual, Sergio Fernández-Artamendi, Antoni Gual, Mercè Balcells-Oliveró, Hugo López-Pelayo","doi":"10.1159/000540541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabis ranks as one of the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide. Its usage has been reported as a risk factor for developing a variety of physical and mental health issues, alongside social and economic problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hazardous (or high-risk) substance use is defined as \"a pattern of substance use that increases the risk of harmful consequences for the user.\" The primary objective of this study was to achieve a consensus on an operational definition of high-risk cannabis use suitable for a European jurisdiction (Spain).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three round Delphi study was conducted. The Delphi technique entails group decision-making and iterative forecasting by consulting a panel of experts and conducting systematic feedback rounds. An online survey was distributed among a diverse expert panel comprising professionals from Spain working on fields related to cannabis use (research, policy planning, and clinical professionals). One-hundred ninety-nine invitations were sent to experts, of which forty-five (22.6%) accepted to participate. All participants were provided the option to revise a background document with the latest compiled scientific evidence and guidelines related to health and social conditions associated to cannabis usage. This background document also proposed the quantification of dose using a standardized unit established for the population of Spain (the Standard Joint Unit or SJU) based on quantity of cannabis main psychoactive constituent, 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) (1 SJU = 1 joint = 0.25 g of cannabis = 7 mg of 9-THC). Three rounds of Likert scale and open-ended questions were administered until consensus, defined as ≥75% agreement, was attained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consensus was reached on defining high-risk cannabis use as the usage of more than 4 SJU (&gt;28 mg THC) per week or any use of cannabis with potency &gt;10% THC. Concurrent use of cannabis with other drugs was also considered high risk, while the smoked route was considered the riskiest administration route. It was also agreed that vulnerable groups for high-risk cannabis use (for whom any pattern of cannabis use represents high risk of harm) include individuals under the age of 21, pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with psychiatric history, those with medical health issues related to cannabis use, professional drivers and heavy machine operators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This operational definition of high-risk cannabis use for Spain elucidates usage patterns and individual vulnerability factors predictive of heightened harm. Its adoption holds potential to inform decision-making among individuals, professionals, and policy-makers, facilitating evidence-based interventions aimed at prevention and risk reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Another Round: Influence of Alcohol-Related Conditions and Other Drug Use-Related Disorders in Emergency Department Frequent Use - A Single-Site Matched Case-Control Study in Spain.","authors":"Clara Oliveras, Pol Bruguera, Imanol Cordero Torres, Andrea Millán Hernández, Maria Teresa Pons, Pablo Rodrigo Guzmán Cortez, Marta Gómez-Ramiro, Mireia Vázquez Vallejo, Emilio Salgado, Maria Asenjo Romero, Eduard Vieta, Antoni Gual, Hugo López-Pelayo, Mercè Balcells-Oliveró","doi":"10.1159/000538987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients who make 5 or more visits per year to hospital emergency departments (EDs) are usually considered ED frequent users (FUs). This study aims to better characterize the influence of alcohol and other drug use-related disorders in this phenomenon in a European Mediterranean country with public, universal, tax-financed healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Matched case-control study. Cases were adults between 18 and 65 years old who consulted 5 or more times the ED of a tertiary hospital in Spain between December 2018 and November 2019. Each case was assigned a control of the same age and gender, who appeared to the ED on the same day, but who made 4 visits or less to the service during the study period. The electronic record of the first ED visit during this period was used to extract the variables of interest: emergency care received, clinical and social characteristics. Predictors of frequent ED use were identified with conditional logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>609 case-control pairs (total n = 1,218) were selected. History of alcohol-related conditions (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.82 [95% CI: 1.26-2.64] p = 0.001) and also other drug use-related disorders (AOR = 1.50 [95% CI: 1.11-2.03] p = 0.009) significantly increased the probability of frequent use of emergency services.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Alcohol-related conditions and other drug use-related disorders must be evaluated in all ED FUs. Specific action protocols to concurrently address repeated attendance and addictions in the emergency room could be a good tool to reduce frequent ED use.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Perceived Stress in the Relation between Childhood Maltreatment and Severity of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Mediation Analysis.","authors":"Emilie Bougelet, Mirjam Deffaa, Cagdas Türkmen, Falk Kiefer, Sabine Vollstädt-Klein, Sarah Gerhardt","doi":"10.1159/000539711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Experiences of Childhood Maltreatment (CM) relate to relapse and lower treatment success in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), one of the most prevalent substance use disorders. However, the exact mechanisms of this relationship still remain unclear. This study examines perceived stress and \"drinking to cope with negative affect\" (coping) as possible mediators in this relationship. Moreover, it aims at uncovering the differential effects of the subtypes of CM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>N = 96 individuals (42% women; mean age 41 ± 13 years) including healthy controls and individuals with varying severity of AUD and CM completed the Alcohol-Dependence Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and German Inventory of Drinking Situations. Mediation analyses including perceived stress as a mediator between CM (and subtypes) and severity of AUD, as well as a serial mediation of the relationship between CM and AUD severity by perceived stress and coping were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived stress significantly mediated the relation between CM and AUD severity and the serial mediation by perceived stress and coping turned out significant. Subtype-specific analyses did not yield significant results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reinforces perceived stress as a potential mechanism in the relation between CM and AUD severity. Moreover, coping further mediated the relationship between CM and AUD severity. Our results suggest including screening for CM (subtypes) in clinical routine in order to individually emphasize interventions focusing on stress regulation, as well as on developing healthy coping mechanisms, in patients with AUD. This might prevent heightened stress sensitivity, relapse and further maintenance of AUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EUFAS Society Bulletin.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000538567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use and Mental Health: How Genetic Information Can Help Unravel Their Relationship.","authors":"Rachel Visontay, M. P. van de Weijer, J. Treur","doi":"10.1159/000538454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538454","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Traditional epidemiological evidence suggests various associations exist between alcohol and mental/cognitive health outcomes. However, whether these reflect causal relationships remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) - a kind of instrumental variable analysis using genetic variants to proxy for an exposure of interest - has the potential to improve causal inference from observational data.\u0000\u0000\u0000SUMMARY\u0000In the first part of this review, the challenges of causal inference in the field are discussed, and a theoretical and practical introduction to the technique of MR is given. Next, we report on literature searches performed to update a previous systematic review of MR studies evaluating alcohol-mental health relationships. Twelve relevant studies were identified and considered in the context of the 22 studies included in the previous review. While the reviewed MR literature suggests possible causal relationships/a lack thereof, for the most part, the nature of causal relationships between alcohol and mental health remains unclear.\u0000\u0000\u0000KEY MESSAGES\u0000MR is beginning to yield valuable insights into the causal effects of (problematic) alcohol consumption on mental and cognitive health outcomes. Future studies must be mindful of the technique's underlying assumptions and should allow for potential nonlinearity in relationships. Triangulating across sensitivity methods within MR studies, as well as between MR studies and other methods for enhanced causal inference, will be crucial.","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Switching from Conventional to Electronic Cigarettes on Quality of Life and Smoking Behaviour: Results from the EQualLife Trial.","authors":"Andrea Rabenstein, Lilian Czermak, E. Fischer, K. Kahnert, O. Pogarell, R. Jörres, Dennis Nowak, T. Rüther","doi":"10.1159/000536255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000536255","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Electronic cigarettes and \"vaping\" have become popular since their appearance in Europe and the USA in approximately 2006. They are often perceived as having fewer health risks than conventional cigarettes, which makes them of interest as a support tool in smoking cessation. However, its efficacy regarding cessation or reduction of smoking under real-life conditions remains controversial. Our objective was to clarify this question in an observational study of smoking habits after initiating vaping without targeted intervention, as compared to a validated cessation programme.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000From October 2015 to April 2018, 80 subjects (60 in the e-cigarette group and 20 in the supervised smoking cessation group) were included in two trial visits, one at the start of the trial and the second after 3 months, plus 4 questionnaire surveys: at the start of the trial and after a 1, 2, and 3 month period. The questionnaire included a nicotine use inventory, a modified Fagerström test for nicotine dependence, and the WHO-QOL-BREF survey.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000E-cigarettes were effective, leading to a significant (p < 0.03) reduction (p < 0.03) in tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence, with an abstinence rate of 43% after 3 months. Compared to participants in the smoking cessation programme, their use was not associated with an improvement in quality of life during the quitting attempt, and there were no significant differences in clinical symptoms between groups. The reduction in nicotine dependence was more pronounced (p < 0.012) for the smoking cessation programme, with higher abstinence rates (p = 0.011 after 12 weeks) and lower (p < 0.003) remaining tobacco consumption compared to electronic cigarettes.\u0000\u0000\u0000DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS\u0000The use of electronic cigarettes reduced nicotine dependence and tobacco consumption, but a supervised smoking cessation programme was superior in terms of achieved cessation in both regards. Electronic cigarettes did not improve the quality of life. Since e-cigarettes could be associated with long-term health risks, their usefulness in smoking cessation remains questionable, and a professionally guided and validated smoking cessation programme still appears to be superior and preferable, in terms of achieved cessation. Although this trial is limited regarding the number of participants and follow-up time, it highlights the need for additional, large clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in comparison to a professionally guided smoking cessation programme.","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Structure and Clustering Analysis Relating to Individual Symptoms of Problematic Internet Use in a Community Adolescent Population.","authors":"Hyu Seok Jeong, Hillary Mi-Sung Kim, Kyoung Min Kim","doi":"10.1159/000535677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000535677","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Problematic internet use (PIU) is a psychopathology that includes multiple symptoms and psychological constructs. Because no studies have considered both network structures and clusters among individual symptoms in the context of PIU in a Korean adolescent population, this study aimed to investigate network structures and clustering in relation to PIU symptoms in adolescents.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Overall, 73,238 adolescents were included. PIU severity was assessed using a self-rating scale comprising 20 items and 6 subscales, namely, the Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth-Short Form; KS scale. Network structures and clusters among symptoms were analyzed using a Gaussian graphical model and exploratory graph analysis, respectively. Centrality of strength, closeness, and betweenness scores was also calculated.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Our study identified four clusters: disturbance in adaptive functioning, virtual interpersonal relationships, withdrawal, and tolerance. The symptom of confidence served as a node bridging the cluster of virtual interpersonal relationships and other clusters of withdrawal and disturbances of adaptive function. The symptom of craving served as a bridge between the clusters of withdrawal and tolerance with high betweenness centrality.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000This study identified network structures and clustering among PIU symptoms in adolescents and revealed that positive experiences derived from online interpersonal relationships were an important mechanism underlying PIU. These are novel insights concerning the interconnection among multiple symptoms and related clustering for the mechanism of adolescent PIU in terms of KS-scale PIU assessment.","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EUFAS Society Bulletin.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000536340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000536340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mismatch of Biological and Social Time in Cocaine-Addicted Men.","authors":"Jeevan Fernando, Karen D Ersche","doi":"10.1159/000535219","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronotype describes a person's preferential activity pattern during a 24-hour period, which may not be in line with their social lifestyle. A mismatch between biological and social time is known as \"social jetlag,\" which has negative effects on wellbeing. Cocaine influences a person's activity levels, but very little is known about possible changes in chronotype of patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD). Here, we aimed to shed light on self-reported changes in chronotype in patients with CUD and the clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 90 men from the local community were recruited; about half of the sample met the criteria for CUD, while the other half were healthy without a personal history of substance use disorder. Participants completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire along with questionnaires about mental health, daily fatigue, and drug/alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Half of the CUD patients fell into the category of late chronotype - a significantly larger proportion than their healthy peers. Late \"night owls\" tended to have started using cocaine at an earlier age than other chronotypes; a finding that was not observed with tobacco, cannabis, or alcohol. Drug use severity in CUD patients did not differ across chronotypes. CUD patients (52%) did not have a preferred time of day to use cocaine. The mismatch between social and biological time was significantly greater in CUD patients and unrelated to drug use or mental health status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CUD appears to be associated with disruptions in chronotype which are, contrary to a widely held view, not reflected by using patterns or addiction severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138798041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Bramness et al.: A Finnish Perspective on Addiction Training.","authors":"Jonna Levola, Margareeta Häkkinen","doi":"10.1159/000537726","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140038978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}