European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Changes in self-reported mental health, anxiety and depression among patients in heroin-assisted treatment: Findings from a Norwegian trial project.","authors":"Lars Henrik Ryther Myklebust, Desiree Eide, Linda Elise C Wüsthoff, Francesca Melis, Ann L Oldervoll, Silvana De Pirro, Thomas Clausen","doi":"10.1159/000547375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction Norway's HAT project started in 2022, aimed at targeting individuals with severe opioid use disorder (OUD) who did not benefit from first-line, conventional opioid agonist treatment (OAT). The use of pharmaceutical diacetylmorphine in heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) may particularly benefit patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders due to its structured nature, which includes daily contact with outpatient clinics. However, previous findings on mental health outcomes in HAT have been inconclusive. The main aim of this study was to explore changes in patients' self-rated mental health and anxiety and depression over the first 12 months of HAT in Norway. Methods We used data from two questions about patients' self-rated mental health and anxiety and depression collected from 79 patients at the start of treatment (baseline) and at 3, 6, and 12 months into treatment. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to examine the changes in the responses over the observational period, and to explore the potential effects of predictors such as gender and age, self-reported substance use, and clinic site. Results We found a gradual improvement in self-rated mental health from baseline over the observational period, with a statistically significant shift in response distribution at the 12-month mark (p=0.017). The distribution of responses indicating 'good' mental health increased with a 35% improvement at 12 months, with a corresponding decline of 48% in 'bad' mental health. For self-rated anxiety and depression, we found no change in severity of self-rated symptoms. A decline of 48% in the proportion of responses reporting severe symptoms at 12 months was aligned with a simultaneous increase of 17% reporting moderate symptoms. Age and previous suicide attempts were significant predictors of both outcomes; gender influenced anxiety and depression only, whereas clinic site influenced only mental health ratings. Conclusion Heroin-assisted treatment appears to gradually improve patients' self-rated mental health over time, possibly by enhancing overall psychological well-being. Self-rated symptoms of anxiety and depression may not be affected by this treatment, indicating that psychiatric conditions can persist in HAT for those struggling with them. This highlights the importance of specific psychiatric assessments and targeted interventions for at least a subset of patients, underscoring the need for integrated treatment approaches within HAT programs that address both substance use and co-occurring psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics-driven individualized detoxification procedure in patients dependent on benzodiazepines and other GABA-A receptor modulators.","authors":"Anna R Basińska-Szafrańska","doi":"10.1159/000547221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite extreme inter-patient differences in the benzodiazepine (BZD) metabolism rate, patients dependent on BZDs or other GABA-A receptor modulators are treated without laboratory control. The proposed detoxification method is the first to employ concentration feedback to prevent routinely unrecognized problems: overaccumulation of a long-acting BZD substitute, high concentration upon discontinuation (mimicking patients' adaptation to \"abstinence\"), elimination continuing long after treatment conclusion, resulting in delayed low-concentration crises and relapses of drug intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A new method, although evolved from a typical gradual dose reduction approach, is driven not by a dosage schedule but by an individual BZD concentration evolution. This defines four treatment stages: Substitution, Anti-accumulation paradigm, Elimination, and Readaptation (SAER). The S stage, substitution by titration (using diazepam or clorazepate, well read by immunoassays) ends with achieving a satiation state and establishing individual clinical-state and concentration baselines. During the A stage, to minimize further (unneeded) accumulation, doses are aggressively reduced daily, driven by concentration feedback, until accumulation ceases (a quasi-plateau). Further tapering opens the E stage (actual detoxification), hence slows, depending on the patient's condition and elimination rate, and concentration is tracked with lower frequency (every 3-7 days), including after drug discontinuation. Only after complete elimination (R stage) patients adapt to true abstinence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SAER approach can minimize overaccumulation-related errors. The use of serum-BZD feedback curbs the initial overaccumulation. A forced concentration plateau establishes optimized initial conditions for the elimination process. By minimizing a superfluous high-concentration treatment phase, SAER provides more time for a careful escorting of the low-concentration crises, especially the one coinciding with elimination completion, weeks after drug discontinuation. Without extending the usual treatment time, the method aspires to improve both the reliability of the detoxification process and the treatment completion rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose intake reduces craving in patients with alcohol use disorder depending on insulin response.","authors":"Lea Wetzel, Sabine Hoffmann, Iris Reinhard, Alisa Riegler, Madeleine Pourbaix, Isabel Ardern, Tobias Link, Sabine Vollstädt-Klein, Bernd Lenz, Falk Kiefer, Anne Koopmann, Patrick Bach","doi":"10.1159/000546648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is evidence that the appetite-regulating hormone insulin plays an important role in alcohol use disorder (AUD), in the sense that there is a negative correlation between insulin and alcohol craving, meaning that an increase in insulin levels leads to a reduction in acute craving. This suggests a promising approach for the acute reduction of craving in the treatment of patients with AUD, which could be achieved via an actively induced short-term increase in insulin levels, e.g. by glucose administration, and which has not yet been investigated in the form of a randomized controlled trial. Another aspect that has not yet been investigated is the role of the insulin-responder-type of each individual, i.e. the time until the insulin peak is reached, in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study examined a glucose intake as acute treatment to reduce craving in 80 male and female patients with AUD. Dynamics in craving and insulin levels were assessed at eight time points on each study visit before and after alcohol cue exposure, after treatment with glucose respective placebo solution and during the subsequent observation phase. These changes were analyzed using linear mixed models. The insulin-responder-type (fast, normal, slow) of each person was taken into account and possible interactions with the treatment were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed models revealed a significant interaction effect (F(2,412.058)=7.988, p<.001) between treatment and insulin-responder-type on craving, with lower craving values in the glucose compared to the placebo condition in the normal insulin-responder-type group (i.e. insulin peak after glucose intake within 30 to 60 minutes, difference in means=-.805, p=.003, 95%CI: -1.428, -.182). In the contrary, in the fast insulin-responder-type group craving values were higher in the glucose compared to the placebo condition (difference in means=1.143, p=.011, 95%CI: .378, 1.907). Slow insulin responders showed no differences in craving levels depending on the treatment condition (difference in means=-.124, p=.694, 95%CI: -.741, .493). No main effect was found in the linear mixed models for baseline-centered insulin levels (F(1,395.337)=2.328, p=.128).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Glucose intake may reduce craving in individuals with AUD who show a normal insulin response. Further research should consider the different insulin-responder-types and peak times to better understand the underlying mechanisms of craving reduction with glucose administration in the context of insulin elevation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion (Dys)Regulation Mediates the Link between Psychological Distress and Problem Gambling: Evaluation of the Moderating effect of Gender.","authors":"Tonia-Flery Artemi, Klavdia Neophytou, Marios Theodorou, Christiana Theodorou, Georgia Panayiotou","doi":"10.1159/000547094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study addresses the need to identify mechanisms leading to problem gambling, by examining the relationship between psychological distress, emotion regulation difficulties, and problem gambling severity, taking into consideration the potential moderating role of gender.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We collected data from 350 regular gamblers in a Southern European country, via an online survey. We examined bivariate correlations, and gender differences in aspects of psychological distress and emotion regulation, as well as prediction of gambling problems by emotion regulation and distress. Main analyses examined a moderated mediation model, hypothesizing that specific emotion regulation difficulties, assessed using the DERS-18, mediate the link between psychological distress, assessed using the BSI-18, and problem gambling, assessed using SOGS, with gender as a moderator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that gambling problems were significantly correlated with all emotion regulation difficulties and psychological distress facets assessed. Men scored higher in SOGS than women. In linear regression analyses the emotion regulation strategies of nonacceptance and poor awareness of emotions, and depression-related distress predicted problem gambling severity. Moderated mediation analysis showed that nonacceptance significantly mediated the distress-gambling relationship. Gender moderated the mediational pathway, with nonacceptance being a significant mediator for men but not women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings underscore the role of emotion regulation, a process that may explain the well-established link between psychological distress and gambling problems. It also highlights the need to consider gender-specific processes in interventions. Based on results, training in emotion acceptance is critical for both genders and especially for men. Results provide directions for further research into the psychological processes underlying the etiology and maintenance of problem gambling.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Cannabinoid Withdrawal: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.","authors":"Rishi Sharma, Aviv Weinstein","doi":"10.1159/000546633","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Synthetic cannabinoids are novel psychoactive substances with potential for abuse and severe withdrawal symptoms. Despite widespread use, research on withdrawal is limited. We conducted a systematic review of case reports describing SC withdrawal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature searches were conducted across databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, to identify case reports from inception to March 2025. Eligible studies involved human cases with confirmed SC use and clearly described withdrawal symptoms. Study quality was assessed using the CARE guidelines checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>N = 11 eligible case reports on SC withdrawal identified. The cases involved predominantly male (82%), mean age of 28.08 (SD 7.78). Most frequent withdrawal symptoms: psychosis (n = 9), agitation/irritability (n = 8), nausea/vomiting (n = 6), seizures (n = 5), tachycardia (n = 4), and insomnia (n = 3). Rarer effects like delirium, rhabdomyolysis, and auditory/visual hallucinations were also documented. Symptoms emerged within 24-48 h (62%) and resolved within 1 week. Case report quality was variable, with an average of 8 out of 13 CARE checklist items reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SC withdrawal manifests with a broad spectrum of physiological and psychological symptoms that can rapidly escalate and require prompt medical management in certain cases. SC withdrawal symptoms are more severe and unpredictable compared to natural cannabinoids, particularly among daily and frequent users. The findings highlight SC withdrawal as an understudied yet clinically important syndrome, necessitating further research to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms and develop evidence-based treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and comparison of three different versions of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire: a network analysis approach.","authors":"Emese Kroon, Christophe Romein, Chinouk Andriese, Ingmar Franken, Hanan El Marroun","doi":"10.1159/000546920","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol is widely used, but motives for consumption vary. Since drinking motives are proximal predictors of initiation and escalation of alcohol use, accurate measurement of these motives is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties - including factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability - of the 12-item, 18-item, and original 20-item versions of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ). Additionally, this study aimed to examine the associations between drinking motives and alcohol use outcomes using network analysis, providing insights into the direct and conditional relationships between different drinking motives and their real-life outcomes. A total of 434 adults (77.4% female) completed the baseline questionnaires and 130 (85.3% female) participated in a follow-up approximately two weeks later. Results showed that the subscales of the DMQ had good internal consistency ( .80) regardless of version. Test-retest reliability was acceptable to good (rs= .71 to rs= 83) but was higher for social and enhancement than for conformity and coping motives. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 12-item short form outperformed the original 20-item version and the more recently proposed 18-item version. Partial correlation networks including DMQ subscales and alcohol outcomes revealed consistent positive association between social motives and binge drinking, alcohol use quantity per drink occasion and enhancement motives, while frequency of use was primarily associated with coping motives. However, while associations amongst drinking motives were identical in the 12- and 18-item version, these differed from the 20-item version. This study demonstrates how network models can be valuable tools in the validation and comparison of questionnaires and shows that the 12-item DMQ could be a good alternative for the often used longer forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Investigation of the Common Genetic Architecture of Substance Use Traits and the Relationship with Mental Health.","authors":"Joëlle A Pasman, Andrea G Allegrini, Adria Tunez, Abdel Abdellaoui, Dirk J A Smit, Michel G Nivard, Jacqueline M Vink, Karin J H Verweij","doi":"10.1159/000546680","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding shared and unique genetic vulnerability for substance use traits will give insight into the etiology of their comorbidity with psychiatric and other health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied genomic structural equation modeling to summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to map the genetic architecture of fourteen substance use traits across five substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opioids) and three stages (initiation, frequency, and dependence). We systematically compared data-driven and theory-based models and conducted sensitivity analyses. We estimated the genetic correlations between the latent factors and psychiatric, physical, socioeconomic, cognitive, and social traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A wide range of models could be fit to the data. A data-driven 4-factor model was the most parsimonious, although bifactor models per substance or per stage also fit well. The four factors from the data-driven model were named smoking/other, dependence, alcohol, and cannabis. F1-smoking/other was most strongly related to socioeconomic traits (negatively), whereas F2-dependence and F4-cannabis were mostly related to externalizing and risk behavior (positively). F3-alcohol showed weaker overlap with unfavorable outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Genetic risk for substance use traits is partly overlapping, both per substance and per stage of use. Contrasting such categories' liability profiles provides insight into differences in their etiology and associations with poor outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivational Interviewing in Addiction Services: An Exploratory Study of Training Needs.","authors":"Nuri Wieland, Helle Larsen, Reinout W Wiers, Julia Kühling, Wiebke Brunner, Ulrich Frischknecht","doi":"10.1159/000546243","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) in addiction treatment has been proven many times. Many national treatment guidelines throughout the EU recommend MI as a method in the treatment of addiction-related and comorbid disorders. However, little is known on the availability of workforce that is able to provide sufficiently quality-secured MI. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of training and the use of MI among addiction care professionals in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a quantitative, anonymous cross-sectional survey, 262 professionals from the addiction care system were asked about their training in MI, their level of knowledge, the motivation of their clients, and the use of MI in practice. All data analyses were carried out using SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the professionals, 54.8% (n = 143) reported having had at least 1 day of training in MI. 64.3% (n = 90) of the trained professionals felt sufficiently trained for their area of responsibility. 31.0% (n = 83) of the total sample stated that further training, quality circles, training courses, or similar had been set up at their facility. Results of an ordinal logistic regression indicated that the use of MI in practice could be predicted by MI-specific training (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.13-0.38, p < 0.01) and the availability of MI support structures in the institution (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28-0.81, p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest a divergence between medical treatment recommendations for the use of MI and the level of training required for this in the German addiction treatment landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of quality standards for competency-based addiction training and education programs in postgraduate and continuing medical studies: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Tadeáš Samuel Zborník, Anna Volfová, Amalie Lososová, Elizabeth Nováková, Vendula Pokorná, Kateřina Svěcená, Michal Miovský","doi":"10.1159/000546610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical profession plays a crucial role in preventing and treating substance use disorders. However, the quality of addiction-focused medical education, considering only postgraduate (GME) and continuing medical education (CME) programs, varies across countries. This study aimed to explore the variety of published programs and curriculum components in competency-based approach to addictology education for physicians and to highlight key areas in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involves a systematic review of literature to identify quality standards for competency-based education in GME and CME related to addiction. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, for relevant key terms following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) methodology. Studies included any English language text about addressing educational competency-based models and standards for education within GME or CME in the Unites States of America (US) and European Union (EU). The process included identifying, screening, and reviewing articles and studies for relevance. Our goal is to delineate existing competency-based training programs and highlight quality standards in education and training for physicians in a field of GME and CME.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Result of our work led to the evaluation of curriculum topic standardization and agreement on core competencies to ensure that education in GME and CME is professionally consistent across states and universities. Our study included 55 articles describing models and standards for training programs in addiction medicine. In the final sample, articles that included specific information according to set criteria were included (n=9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The description of specific educational evidence-based models and standards in GME and CME in addiction medical education is not sufficiently represented in published texts and is generally referred to general standards and models of individual institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Substance Use and Antisocial Behaviours with the Probability of Gambling among Adolescents.","authors":"Emina Mehanović, Mariaelisa Renna, Erica Viola, Giulia Giraudi, Maria Ginechesi, Claudia Vullo, Alberto Sciutto, Marco Martorana, Adalgisa Ceccano, Pietro Casella, Fabrizio Faggiano, Federica Vigna-Taglianti","doi":"10.1159/000546587","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gambling behaviour among adolescents is a serious public health concern. Adolescents' involvement in gambling is often related with substance use and antisocial behaviours. This study aims to examine the association of substance use and antisocial behaviours with gambling among Italian early adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analytical sample of the present study included 1,822 students attending 29 secondary schools in nine NHS districts of Piedmont region and the city of Rome who participated in the baseline survey of the experimental controlled trial \"GAPUnplugged.\" The association of lifetime cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, drunkenness, illicit drug use, violence, and stealing with the probability of any gambling and regular gambling was estimated through multilevel mixed-effect regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of any gambling and regular gambling in the last 30 days was 36.4% and 12.7%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, drunkenness, violence, and stealing were significantly associated with an increased probability of both gambling outcomes. The link of gambling outcomes with alcohol drinking and drunkenness was higher for females, whereas the association with violence and stealing was higher for males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the association of gambling with other problem behaviours during early adolescence, school-based health promotion and prevention interventions should address multiple risk behaviours simultaneously. Prevention of one risk behaviour may contribute to the prevention of other risk behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}