European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Individual and Contextual Determinants of Substance Use among Refugees in Shared Accommodations: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Analysis.","authors":"Jonathan Uricher","doi":"10.1159/000548714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The increasing number of refugees in the European Union has led to challenges in terms of allocation and housing. Shared accommodation, which often presents vulnerable living conditions, may exacerbate health risks including substance use. This study aims to identify individual and contextual determinants of substance use behaviours among refugees in shared accommodations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a cross-sectional study and baseline data from an evaluation study resulted in a sample size of 391 refugees residing in 22 shared accommodations in Stuttgart, Germany. Data were collected using self-reported measures of substance use as well as physical and mental health indicators at the individual level, and conditions of shared accommodations on a contextual level. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to examine individual-level and contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substance use behaviours were influenced primarily by individual factors. Male refugees were more likely to engage in substance use than females, whereas being Muslim was associated with a lower likelihood of substance use. Prolonged residence in shared accommodations and possession of a work permit increase the risk of substance use. Poor physical health was also correlated with higher substance use behaviours. Contextual factors, such as deteriorating conditions or isolation due to limited access to support systems, played a smaller role. However, deteriorated accommodation conditions were unexpectedly linked to a reduced likelihood of hazardous substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the predominance of individual-level determinants over contextual factors in shaping substance use behaviours among refugees in shared accommodations. Interventions should prioritize addressing individual vulnerabilities, such as health and social integration challenges, while improving living conditions to mitigate risks. These insights can inform targeted European policies and support programmes for refugee populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Decision-Making under Risk in Pathological Gambling Using a Virtual Slot Machine: A Pilot Eye-Tracking Study.","authors":"Gloria Baumann, Ronald Fischer, Iris Reinhard, Sabine Hoffmann, Falk Kiefer, Tagrid Leménager, Patrick Bach","doi":"10.1159/000547742","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pathological gambling (PG) is characterized by altered decision-making. Even though studies have investigated decision-making in patients with PG, the effects of win-contingent stimuli thereon are not well understood yet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thus, we conducted a study in patients with PG (n = 10) and healthy individuals (n = 14), who performed two versions of a slot machine gambling task with and without win-contingent cues, while decision-making and gaze fixations were assessed using high-resolution eye-tracking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with PG showed higher rates of high-risk decisions, lower rates of rational choices and showed less visual attention to probability information, but increased visual attention toward gambling cues, compared to healthy individuals. In the presence of win-contingent gambling cues, participants needed significantly more time to decide between high-risk versus low-risk gambles and spent significantly less time watching the probability information.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the relevance of gambling-associated cues in PG. Targeting altered cue-reactivity could contribute to normalizing risky decision-making in patients with PG.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Examination of Cryptocurrency Trading Behaviors in Relation to Gambling Disorder and Psychological Risk Factors.","authors":"Adalet Yardımcı, Başak Ünübol","doi":"10.1159/000548027","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cryptocurrencies are digital assets that differ from traditional currencies in their unique characteristics. An increasing number of individuals are showing interest in cryptocurrency trading and spending long hours engaged in this activity. Current studies point out that some behaviors of cryptocurrency investors may be associated with problematic mental health outcomes. The present study aims to investigate problematic cryptocurrency trading behaviors and to examine these behaviors in terms of gambling disorder and psychological risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred four volunteered participants whose ages ranged between 18 and 65 years (mean = 31.62, SD = 6.95) were recruited. For data collection, the Problematic Cryptocurrency Trading Scale, Problem Gambling Severity Index, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised - Abbreviated Form, UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings demonstrated that participants exhibiting symptoms of problematic cryptocurrency trading had higher levels of problem gambling severity, negative emotions, extraversion, and urgency, along with lower levels of premeditation and perseverance. Additionally, the linear regression with backward elimination revealed that problem gambling severity and extraversion are associated with problematic cryptocurrency trading.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that greater engagement in cryptocurrency speculation may be associated with increased gambling behaviors and that both activities could be linked to underlying personality traits, impulsivity, and negative emotions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Prescribed Use of Opioid Agonist Medications and Associations with Non-Fatal Overdoses: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study across a Decade of Reduced Monitoring.","authors":"Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen, Linda Nesse","doi":"10.1159/000547909","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-prescribed use of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) medications is a public health concern. This study analyzes the prevalence of non-prescribed use and non-fatal overdoses in Norway in 2013 and 2023, a period marked by an increasingly flexible OAT regimen, and examines associations between non-prescribed use and non-fatal overdoses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional surveys with two convenience samples (n₁ = 611 in 2013, n₂ = 523 in 2023) of street-recruited individuals, who reported recent use of opioids and/or stimulants but were not currently enrolled in OAT, were employed. The primary outcomes were self-reported non-prescribed use of methadone and buprenorphine and non-fatal overdoses in the past month and past year. Covariates included demographics and substance use characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-prescribed use of OAT medications significantly declined from 39.4% in 2013 to 28.1% in 2023 (p < 0.001), as did frequency of use (p < 0.01). There was no change in non-fatal overdoses in the past month (8.2% in both years), though past-year non-fatal overdoses decreased (23.6% in 2013 vs. 15.9% in 2023, p = 0.001). Multinomial regression analyses showed no significant association between non-prescribed OAT use and increased risk of non-fatal overdoses. Instead, factors such as injecting drug use, frequent heroin use, stimulant use, younger age, and female sex were associated with non-fatal overdose risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even with an increasingly flexible OAT regimen, non-prescribed use declined among street-recruited participants, and no corresponding increase in non-fatal overdoses was observed. These findings challenge the assumption that reduced monitoring in OAT is linked with higher rates of non-prescribed use and adverse outcomes, such as non-fatal overdoses, among individuals not in OAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Personal Recovery in a Sample of People with Opioid Use Disorder: Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Version of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery.","authors":"Anne Marciuch, Regina Skar-Fröding, Kristin Klemmetsby Solli, Lars Tanum, Bente Weimand","doi":"10.1159/000547897","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Personal recovery is an important target in mental health care settings and has been suggested as the \"bridging principle\" between mental health care and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. However, few psychometrically evaluated scales exist for measuring personal recovery in SUD research, and the questionnaire about the process of recovery (QPR), a measure of personal recovery widely used in the mental health field, has not been previously psychometrically evaluated in such a context. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the 22- and 15-item versions of the Norwegian translation of the QPR in terms of factor structure and internal consistency in an opioid use disorder (OUD) sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 156 people with OUD filled out the QPR. Exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factor and maximum likelihood as extraction method was performed to assess the dimensionality of the 22- and 15-item versions of the Norwegian translation of the QPR. Internal consistency was calculated according to Cronbach's alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal consistency for the 22-item version was α = 0.917. After removal of three items with low factor loadings internal consistency was α = 0.922. Internal consistency for 15-items version was α = 0.915. Exploratory factor analyses showed a clear one-factor solution for both the 22-item and 15-item version.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the 15- and the 22-item versions of QPR showed a clear one-factor solution; however, the 15-item version showed the strongest results in terms of explained variance. Thus, the 15-item version is the recommended version to use in SUD samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UK Medical Cannabis Registry: A Clinical Analysis of Patients with Substance Use Disorder.","authors":"Aishwarya Ghosh, Simon Erridge, Ross Coomber, Urmila Bhoskar, Wendy Holden, Fariha Kamal, Gracia Mwimba, Simmi Sachdeva-Mohan, Gabriel Shaya, Azfer Usmani, James Rucker, Mikael Sodergren","doi":"10.1159/000547696","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With a global rise in opioid-related mortality, there comes a need to address this with novel therapies. Cannabinoid receptors are highly expressed and co-localised with opiate receptors of the mesolimbic system. Cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) have been suggested as a measure to reduce harm as maintenance therapy for substance use disorder (SUD). This aim of this study was to assess changes in patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) and opioid medications in individuals treated with CBMPs for SUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from patients with SUD from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry were analysed. Outcomes included changes at 1, 3, and 6 months from baseline of the EQ-5D-DL, single-item sleep quality scale (SQS), and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Change in opioid medications was assessed as change in oral morphine equivalent (OME).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>34 patients were included. Twenty-seven (79.41%) participants were male. Twenty-nine (85.29%) participants were illicit cannabis consumers at baseline. The most common SUD was opioid use disorder (n = 18; 52.94%). Four (11.76%), 14 (41.18%), and 16 (47.05%) patients were prescribed oils, dried flower, or a combination of dried flower and oils, respectively. Improvements in GAD-7, SQS, and EQ-5D-5L at 1, 3, and 6 months from baseline were observed (p < 0.050). Median OME consumption at baseline was 274.95 (79.50-441.80) mg/day. This was reduced at 6 months (204.45 [61.88-354.85] mg/day; p = 0.043), there was no significant difference at 1 or 3 months (p > 0.050). Three (8.81%) participants reported 17 (50.00%) adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was an associated improvement in health-related quality of life PROMs and reduction in prescribed opioids in individuals with SUD treated with CBMPs. CBMPs were well tolerated by most individuals in this 6-month analysis. Further evaluation through randomised controlled trials is needed to determine causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000545157","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"145-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion (Dys)Regulation Mediates the Link between Psychological Distress and Problem Gambling: Evaluation of the Moderating effect of Gender.","authors":"Tonia-Flery Artemi, Klavdia Neophytou, Marios Theodorou, Christiana Theodorou, Georgia Panayiotou","doi":"10.1159/000547094","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study addresses the need to identify mechanisms leading to problem gambling, by examining the relationship between psychological distress, emotion regulation difficulties, and problem gambling severity, taking into consideration the potential moderating role of gender.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We collected data from 350 regular gamblers in a Southern European country, via an online survey. We examined bivariate correlations, and gender differences in aspects of psychological distress and emotion regulation, as well as prediction of gambling problems by emotion regulation and distress. Main analyses examined a moderated mediation model, hypothesizing that specific emotion regulation difficulties, assessed using the DERS-18, mediate the link between psychological distress, assessed using the BSI-18, and problem gambling, assessed using SOGS, with gender as a moderator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that gambling problems were significantly correlated with all emotion regulation difficulties and psychological distress facets assessed. Men scored higher in SOGS than women. In linear regression analyses, the emotion regulation strategies of nonacceptance and poor awareness of emotions, and depression-related distress predicted problem gambling severity. Moderated mediation analysis showed that nonacceptance significantly mediated the distress-gambling relationship. Gender moderated the mediational pathway, with nonacceptance being a significant mediator for men but not women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings underscore the role of emotion regulation, a process that may explain the well-established link between psychological distress and gambling problems. It also highlights the need to consider gender-specific processes in interventions. Based on results, training in emotion acceptance is critical for both genders and especially for men. Results provide directions for further research into the psychological processes underlying the etiology and maintenance of problem gambling.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Substance Use and Antisocial Behaviours with the Probability of Gambling among Adolescents.","authors":"Emina Mehanović, Mariaelisa Renna, Erica Viola, Giulia Giraudi, Maria Ginechesi, Claudia Vullo, Alberto Sciutto, Marco Martorana, Adalgisa Ceccano, Pietro Casella, Fabrizio Faggiano, Federica Vigna-Taglianti","doi":"10.1159/000546587","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gambling behaviour among adolescents is a serious public health concern. Adolescents' involvement in gambling is often related with substance use and antisocial behaviours. This study aims to examine the association of substance use and antisocial behaviours with gambling among Italian early adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analytical sample of the present study included 1,822 students attending 29 secondary schools in nine NHS districts of Piedmont region and the city of Rome who participated in the baseline survey of the experimental controlled trial \"GAPUnplugged.\" The association of lifetime cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, drunkenness, illicit drug use, violence, and stealing with the probability of any gambling and regular gambling was estimated through multilevel mixed-effect regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of any gambling and regular gambling in the last 30 days was 36.4% and 12.7%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, drunkenness, violence, and stealing were significantly associated with an increased probability of both gambling outcomes. The link of gambling outcomes with alcohol drinking and drunkenness was higher for females, whereas the association with violence and stealing was higher for males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the association of gambling with other problem behaviours during early adolescence, school-based health promotion and prevention interventions should address multiple risk behaviours simultaneously. Prevention of one risk behaviour may contribute to the prevention of other risk behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Investigation of the Common Genetic Architecture of Substance Use Traits and the Relationship with Mental Health.","authors":"Joëlle A Pasman, Andrea G Allegrini, Adria Tunez, Abdel Abdellaoui, Dirk J A Smit, Michel G Nivard, Jacqueline M Vink, Karin J H Verweij","doi":"10.1159/000546680","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding shared and unique genetic vulnerability for substance use traits will give insight into the etiology of their comorbidity with psychiatric and other health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied genomic structural equation modeling to summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to map the genetic architecture of fourteen substance use traits across five substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opioids) and three stages (initiation, frequency, and dependence). We systematically compared data-driven and theory-based models and conducted sensitivity analyses. We estimated the genetic correlations between the latent factors and psychiatric, physical, socioeconomic, cognitive, and social traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A wide range of models could be fit to the data. A data-driven 4-factor model was the most parsimonious, although bifactor models per substance or per stage also fit well. The four factors from the data-driven model were named smoking/other, dependence, alcohol, and cannabis. F1-smoking/other was most strongly related to socioeconomic traits (negatively), whereas F2-dependence and F4-cannabis were mostly related to externalizing and risk behavior (positively). F3-alcohol showed weaker overlap with unfavorable outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Genetic risk for substance use traits is partly overlapping, both per substance and per stage of use. Contrasting such categories' liability profiles provides insight into differences in their etiology and associations with poor outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"179-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}