European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Past Pharmacotherapy for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Substance Use Disorder.","authors":"Corné Coetzee,&nbsp;Arnt F A Schellekens,&nbsp;Ilse Truter,&nbsp;Anneke Meyer","doi":"10.1159/000526386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a considerable public health problem. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently occurs in patients with SUD. Several studies demonstrated that ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and suggest that childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might help prevent development of SUD.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to explore the effect of childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy on later life's functional impairment and substance use patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Treatment-seeking SUD patients with ADHD (n = 52) were recruited from various rehabilitation facilities in South Africa. Adult ADHD individuals without SUD (n = 48) were recruited from clinicians, retail pharmacies, and the general public. SUD participants in rehabilitation facilities were screened for and diagnosed with ADHD. Lifetime substance use was assessed using self-report. ADHD-related functional impairment was assessed by the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Information on present and lifetime use of ADHD medication was obtained. Clinical outcomes between those with and without a history of ADHD pharmacotherapy were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medicated participants (n = 59) showed lower levels of ADHD-related impairment across all functional domains (p < 0.001), compared to non-medicated participants (n = 41). They also consumed less alcohol (p = 0.04), cannabis (p < 0.001), and illicit drugs (p = 0.006) compared to the non-medicated group. Furthermore, medicated participants had a lower frequency of tobacco use compared to non-medicated participants (p = 0.04). ADHD patients without SUD also more often received medication (100% vs. 18.6%; p < 0.001) and for a longer time (121.10 vs. 9.52 months; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might be associated with a decreased risk for substance use in adulthood and lower ADHD-related impairment. Despite study limitations, these findings underline the importance of early ADHD detection and treatment, which might prevent SUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9219286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Incidence of Signs of Neuropathy and Self-Reported Substance Use Disorder for Nitrous Oxide in Patients Intoxicated with Nitrous Oxide.","authors":"Johanna J Nugteren-Van Lonkhuyzen,&nbsp;Lot van der Ben,&nbsp;Irma S van den Hengel-Koot,&nbsp;Dylan W de Lange,&nbsp;Antoinette J H P van Riel,&nbsp;Laura Hondebrink","doi":"10.1159/000530123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The number of patients with excessive nitrous oxide (N2O) use and neurological disorders has been rising, indicating an addictive potential of N2O. We studied the incidence of self-reported substance use disorder (SUD)-related symptoms, signs of neuropathy, and the patterns of use in N2O-intoxicated patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC) provides information by telephone on the management of intoxications to healthcare professionals. Retrospective data on signs of neuropathy and patterns of use were collected for all N2O intoxications reported to the DPIC in 2021 and 2022. Frequent and heavy use were self-reported as \"often/frequent/weekly use\" and as \"use of tanks or &gt;50 balloons/session,\" respectively. From this cohort, we included patients with excessive N2O use or signs of neuropathy in a prospective observational cohort study. Online surveys were sent 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after DPIC consultation. The survey included the drug use disorder questionnaire (validated to measure self-reported substance abuse [SA] and substance dependence [SD] based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM]-IV-TR criteria) and questions on patterns of use and signs of neuropathy. DSM-IV-TR criteria were translated to DSM-V criteria to score for mild, moderate, or severe SUD, with 2-3, 4-5, or ≥6 symptoms, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 101 N2O-intoxicated patients in the retrospective study. Of these, 41% showed signs of neuropathy (N = 41), 53% used N2O tanks to fill balloons (N = 53), 71% used them frequently (N = 72), and 76% used them heavily (N = 77). We included 75 patients in the prospective study and 10 (13%) completed the first survey. All 10 patients fulfilled the criteria for SA and SD (DSM-IV-TR, median number of questions answered \"yes\" = 10/12), all used N2O tanks to fill balloons, and 90% (N = 9) experienced signs of neuropathy. After 1 and 3 months, 6/7 and 1/1 patients, respectively, continued to fulfill SA and SD criteria. Translating to DSM-V criteria, 1/10 patients fulfilled the criteria for (self-reported) mild SUD, 1/10 patients for moderate SUD, and 8/10 patients for severe SUD, 1 week after consultation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high proportion of N2O-intoxicated patients reporting frequent and heavy use of N2O indicates an addictive potential of N2O. Although follow-up rate was low, all patients fulfilled self-reported SA, SD (DSM-IV-TR), and SUD (DSM-V) criteria for N2O. Somatic healthcare professionals treating patients with N2O intoxications should be aware of possible addictive behavior in patients. The screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment approach should be considered to treat patients with self-reported SUD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"202-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10389788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9916524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Consumers' View of Regulated Access to Recreational Cannabis: A Multisite Survey in Switzerland.","authors":"Monika Müller,&nbsp;Edith Paula Mészáros,&nbsp;Marc Walter,&nbsp;Lavinia Baltes-Flückiger,&nbsp;Marcus Herdener,&nbsp;Reto Auer,&nbsp;Gabriel Thorens,&nbsp;Stephane Rothen,&nbsp;Carlos Nordt,&nbsp;Daniele Zullino","doi":"10.1159/000530194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is considerable effort in legalizing recreational use of cannabis globally. The successful implementation of a program of regulated access to recreational cannabis (PRAC) depends on the consumers' engagement. The aim of this study was to examine the acceptability of twelve different regulatory aspects by cannabis users including those obtaining cannabis from the illicit market and vulnerable populations such as young adults and problematic users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study is a multisite online survey conducted in Switzerland. A total of 3,132 adult Swiss residents who consumed cannabis within the previous 30 days represented the studied population. Mean age was 30.5 years, 80.5% were men, and 64.2% of the participants stated that they always or often obtain cannabis from the illicit market. We described consumers' acceptability of twelve regulatory aspects concerning THC content control, disclosure of sensitive personal data, security aspects, and follow-up procedures by applying descriptive statistics and multiple regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>THC content regulation showed most discrepancy with 89.4% of the participants stating to engage in a PRAC if five different THC contents were available as compared to 54% if only 12% THC was available. The least accepted regulatory aspect was disposal of contact details with an acceptability rate of 18.1%. Consumers mainly obtaining cannabis from the illicit market, young adults, and problematic users showed similar acceptability patterns. Participants obtaining cannabis from the illicit market were more likely to engage in a PRAC if five different THC contents were available as compared to participants obtaining cannabis from other sources (OR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.53-2.46).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A carefully designed PRAC that takes into account the consumers' perspective is likely to transfer them to the regulated market and to engage vulnerable populations. We cannot recommend the distribution of cannabis with only 12% THC content as this is unlikely to engage the target population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10389784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9919921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rescue Analgesia for Opioid-Dependent Individuals on Opioid Agonist Treatment during Hospitalization: Adherence to Guideline Treatment.","authors":"Isabelle Arnet,&nbsp;Kenneth M Dürsteler,&nbsp;Christine Jaiteh,&nbsp;Florian Grossmann,&nbsp;Kurt E Hersberger","doi":"10.1159/000530266","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is the first-line treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Simultaneously, opioids are essential medicines in acute pain management. The literature is scarce on acute pain management in individuals with OUD, and guidelines are controversial for patients on OAT. We aimed at analyzing rescue analgesia in opioid-dependent individuals on OAT during hospitalization in the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient hospital records were extracted from the database over 6 months (Jan-Jun) in 2015 and 2018. Of the 3,216 extracted patient records, we identified 255 cases on OAT with full datasets. Rescue analgesia was defined according to established principles of acute pain management, e.g., i) the analgesic agent is identical to the OAT medication, and ii) the opioid agent is dosed above 1/6th morphine equivalent dose of the OAT medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients were on average 51.3 ± 10.5 years old (range: 22-79 years), of which 64% were men. The most frequent OAT agents were methadone and morphine (34.9% and 34.5%). Rescue analgesia was not documented in 14 cases. Guideline-concordant rescue analgesia was observed in 186 cases (72.9%) and consisted mostly of NSAIDs, including paracetamol (80 cases), and identical agents such as the OAT opioid (70 cases). Guideline-divergent rescue analgesia was observed in 69 (27.1%) cases, predominantly due to an underdosed opioid agent (32 cases), another agent other than the OAT (18 cases), or contraindicated agents (10 cases).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our analysis suggests that rescue analgesia in hospitalized OAT patients was predominantly concordant with guidelines, while divergent prescriptions seemed to follow common principles of pain medicine. Clear guidelines are needed to appropriately treat acute pain in hospitalized OAT patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"29 4","pages":"253-263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10614254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10043999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factorial, Construct, and Predictive Validity of the Motivation for Treatment Scale in Alcohol-Use Disorder Withdrawal Treatment.","authors":"Benjamin Strothmann, Ludwig Kraus, Levente Kriston, Jeanette Röhrig, Norbert Scherbaum, Angela Buchholz","doi":"10.1159/000532066","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000532066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the present study was to examine for the first time the factorial, construct, and predictive validity of the motivation for treatment (MfT) scale in a cohort of patients undergoing inpatient-qualified alcohol withdrawal treatment with the goal of referring patients to further treatment. The MfT scale has previously been evaluated in different settings of substance abuse treatment, revealing factorial ambiguity. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first study that conducted comprehensive factor analyses versus separate analyses of the factors conducted in prior studies in order to clarify the aforementioned factorial ambiguity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 249 patients (mean age 45.2 years (SD = 10.3); 34.4% females) with alcohol dependence were assessed. Data were obtained from four inpatient clinics specialized in qualified alcohol withdrawal treatment in Germany. First, confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to examine the fit of the four models discussed in the literature. Second, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Correlations of the new factors with other motivational constructs and referral to a subsequent treatment were investigated as measures of construct and predictive validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the four models showed an acceptable fit to the data in confirmatory analyses. The exploratory analysis suggested to eliminate seven items because of inappropriate factor loadings and resulted in a shortened MfT scale, which consists of three factors based on 17 items. For the latent variables \"problem recognition,\" \"desire for help,\" and \"treatment readiness,\" satisfactory composite reliability was found with 0.82, 0.80, and 0.78, respectively. Evidence for predictive validity was found in the correlation between \"treatment readiness\" and referral to a subsequent treatment.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>The new shortened MfT scale exhibited remarkable parsimony, which is desirable in settings such as withdrawal treatment, where patients frequently are cognitively or physically impaired. Despite its briefness, construct and predictive validity were better than in the original version of the MfT scale. The factorial validity of the suggested scale needs to be corroborated in further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"375-384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries, Poisonings, and Other External Causes of Morbidity among Drug Crime Offenders: A Follow-Up Study of Former Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients.","authors":"Mikaela Kontu,&nbsp;Helina Hakko,&nbsp;Kaisa Riala,&nbsp;Pirkko Riipinen","doi":"10.1159/000530122","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Criminal offenders have high incidences of injury- and substance-related emergency department visits. Very few studies focus on drug crime offenders or the medical specialties involved in treating these offenders. We aimed to study how drug crime offenders' treatment events in specialized health care due to injuries, poisonings, or other external causes of morbidity differed from treatment of non-criminal controls and which of the medical specialties were involved in their care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population included 508 former adolescent psychiatric inpatients (age 13-17 years), who were followed up through Finnish national registers. A total of 60 had committed a drug crime during the 10-15 years' follow-up. They were matched with 120 non-criminal controls from the study population. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (Cl) for drug crime offending were assessed using a Cox regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost 90% of drug crime offenders had treatment events in specialized health care due to injuries, poisonings, and other external causes of morbidity, compared to 50% of non-criminals. The majority of the drug crime offenders had been treated for accidental injuries (65% vs. 29%; p &lt; 0.001) in comparison to non-criminal controls. More drug crime offenders had been treated for intentional poisonings (42% vs. 11%; p &lt; 0.001) than non-criminal controls. For drug crime offenders, the lifetime probability of a treatment event due to poisoning was almost doubled (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.26-2.84; p = 0.002), and for treatments due to injury, there was a 2.5-fold increase (HR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.69-3.82; p &lt; 0.001) in comparison to non-criminal controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In emergency care, substance use screening and referral for appropriate psychiatric and substance abuse treatment services should be considered for all adolescents and young adults attending hospitals due to injuries or poisonings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9861042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Users' Level of Engagement with a Smartphone Application for Smoking Cessation: Randomized Trial and Machine Learning Analysis.","authors":"Germano Vera Cruz,&nbsp;Yasser Khazaal,&nbsp;Jean-François Etter","doi":"10.1159/000530111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Studies of the users' engagement with smoking cessation application (apps) can help understand how these apps are used by smokers, in order to improve their reach and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed at identifying the best predictors of the users' level of engagement with a smartphone app for smoking cessation and at examining the relationships between predictors and outcomes related to the users' level of engagement with the app.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial testing the efficacy of the Stop-Tabac smartphone app was used. The experimental group used the \"full\" app and the control group used a \"dressed down\" app. The study included a baseline and 1-month and 6-month follow-up questionnaires. A total of 5,293 participants answered at least the baseline questionnaires; however, in the current study, only the 1,861 participants who answered at least the baseline and the 1-month follow-up questionnaire were included. Predictors were measured at baseline and after 1 month and outcomes after 6 months. Data were analyzed using machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best predictors of the outcomes were, in decreasing order of importance, intention to stop smoking, dependence level, perceived helpfulness of the app, having quit smoking after 1 month, self-reported usage of the app after 1 month, belonging to the experimental group (vs. control group), age, and years of smoking. Most of these predictors were also significantly associated with the participants' level of engagement with the app.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This information can be used to further target the app to specific groups of users, to develop strategies to enroll more smokers, and to better adapt the app's content to the users' needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"171-181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10389794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9917037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Cue-Elicited Multisensory Imagery on Alcohol Craving: A Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ceyda Kiyak,&nbsp;Paolo Deluca,&nbsp;Sam Norton,&nbsp;Matilde E Simonetti,&nbsp;Emanuele Preti","doi":"10.1159/000531844","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Elaborated intrusion theory suggests that imagery is central to craving; however, the possibility that cue-elicited multisensory imagery produces such urges has not been studied enough in the literature. Thus, we investigated the role of cue-elicited multisensory imagery on alcohol craving in individuals who are hazardous and social drinkers compared to mental and neutral imagery conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In an online experiment, hazardous and social drinkers (N = 348) between 18 and 45 years old were randomised to multisensory, mental, and neutral imagery exposure. The level of craving intensity was measured before and after imagery exposure. Also, participants rated vividness and sensory features scales after the exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of craving was significantly higher in multisensory imagery condition compared to neutral condition (b = 1.94, p &lt; 0.001, SE = 0.30, t(344) = 6.52, standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.89) and in mental imagery condition compared to neutral condition (b = 1.82, SE = 0.30, t(344) = 6.52, p &lt; 0.001, SMD = 0.83). The difference between the level of craving intensity between the multisensory and mental was not significant (b = 0.12, SE = 0.22, t(344) = 0.53, p = 0.594, SMD = 0.06). Moreover, craving intensity in response to multisensory versus neutral imagery was significantly stronger among hazardous drinkers (b = -2.90, SE = 0.83, t(341) = -3.50, p &lt; 0.001). The level of vividness was not significantly different between any conditions. The difference between levels of sensory features was higher in multisensory imagery condition compared to neutral (b = 0.95, SE = 0.30, t(345) = 3.17, p = 0.002, SMD = 0.49) and mental imagery condition (b = 0.67, SE = 0.23, t(345) = 2.36, p = 0.004, SMD = 0.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that cue-elicited multisensory imagery may be a useful tool for eliciting alcohol craving responses and provide an additional means for better understanding the multi-layered mechanism of craving.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"353-362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10115205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Effect of an Inpatient Smoking Cessation Brief Intervention Tool on Long-Term Smoking Cessation Rates and Patient Interest for Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Kathryn Vitangcol,&nbsp;Cheneal Puljevic,&nbsp;Centaine Snoswell","doi":"10.1159/000528864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000528864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking cessation among hospital inpatients is essential to reduce risk of surgical complications and all-cause mortality. In the Australian state of Queensland, the Smoking Cessation Clinical Pathway (SCCP), a brief intervention tool, has been used by clinical staff in public hospitals to uniformly support patients to quit smoking since 2015. This study aims to assess the effect of the SCCP on long-term smoking cessation rates recorded in subsequent readmissions, and whether the SCCP as an intervention affects inpatients' interest in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) during admission and after discharge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed data provided by the Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH) on patients who self-identified as a current smoker on admission to any ward and were admitted to the PAH between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2019. Smoking cessation rates and patient interest in NRT by SCCP completion were analysed using χ2 tests and a multinomial logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,902 included patients, NRT was offered to 1,397 patients (73.4%) and accepted by 332 patients (17.5%). Patients who had completed a SCCP were more likely to be offered NRT than those who had not (p < 0.0001). Of the 452 patients with multiple readmissions, 100 (22%) ceased smoking at any point in the 2-year study period. At the end of the 2-year study period, 75 (75%) patients remained abstinent and only 25 (25%) relapsed to smoking as per their final smoking status at the end of the 2-year study period. Patients with a completed SCCP were 1.8 times (RRR: 1.825, p = 0.030) more likely to quit smoking at any point in the 2-year study period, and twice as likely to have quit at the end of the 2-year study period (RRR: 2.064, p = 0.044).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The SCCP may be effective at increasing smoking cessation rates among hospital inpatients. Future policies promoting long-term smoking cessation should consider implementation of post-discharge follow-up appointments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"29 2","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of Two Behavioral Techniques Reduces Craving in Problematic Alcohol Consumption by One Third: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Steffen Moritz,&nbsp;Anja S Göritz,&nbsp;Simone Kühn,&nbsp;Josefine Gehlenborg","doi":"10.1159/000527877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Craving alcohol is a core symptom of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and an important target for treatment. A new line of treatment for AUD aims at overriding the urge to consume alcohol by changing implicit cognitions via approach bias modification (ApBM). In a prior study, we tested a variant of ApBM called imaginal retraining, which reduced craving. As addiction and body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) share important symptoms (e.g., inability to resist urges), for the present study we merged imaginal retraining with a technique aimed at BFRB, called decoupling, to augment treatment effects. We hypothesized that the new technique, which is called 3P, would lead to a greater reduction in craving relative to (active) control conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted online. Data from 227 participants were considered. Participants were randomized to 1 out of 5 conditions. Craving for alcohol before and after the brief intervention was the primary outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only the 3P condition lessened craving by approximately one third at an almost medium effect size (improvement: 34.5%, p = 0.003, d = 0.458). Effects were significantly larger relative to the wait-list control and two active control conditions (p's < 0.02; greater reduction than imaginal retraining at a small but nonsignificant effect size).</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>If replicated, the combination of imaginal retraining and decoupling (3P) represents a promising, easy-to-implement self-help technique to reduce immediate craving. Long-term effects in participants with formally diagnosed AUD have not yet been investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10706553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}