European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Chemsex: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Fabio Bellomi, Lidia Manenti, Luca Gheda, Annalisa Bergamini, Laura Guarneri, Jennifer Rosa, Melissa Savoldi, Antonio Vita","doi":"10.1159/000534898","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemsex has been defined until now as the use of specific psychoactive substances during sexual activities in men who have sex with men (MSM) contexts to facilitate, enhance, and prolong the experience. Many studies have investigated this phenomenon in specific communities, such as MSM, or have explored the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of chemsex in an Italian group and describe its main characteristics. Additionally, the study aimed to suggest prevention strategies addressing the risks associated with drug use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. The survey was conducted among 1,828 individuals residing in Italy. Data were collected through a self-completed online survey consisting of 44 questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>248 people (13.6%) disclosed that they had practiced chemsex, 89 of which (35.9%) were female. Moreover, 13 people (5%) defined themselves as addicted to chemsex; 173 people (69.8%) would like to have more information about the risks related to chemsex, and 79 people (31.8%) would like to talk about this to a professional working in the addiction field.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The prevalence found in our Italian survey is consistent with findings from other studies. Notably, our survey reveals the presence of chemsex among women. Our results emphasize the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of chemsex, highlighting the significance of engaging specialized services such as addiction units, STD outpatient clinics, and mental health services. These healthcare facilities can effectively share information and implement risk prevention campaigns focused on chemsex.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Attentional Bias toward Alcohol Content: Insights from Eye-Movement Activity.","authors":"Alexandra Ghiţă, Olga Hernández-Serrano, Manuel Moreno, Miquel Monràs, Antoni Gual, Pierre Maurage, Mariano Gacto-Sánchez, Marta Ferrer-García, Bruno Porras-García, José Gutiérrez-Maldonado","doi":"10.1159/000536252","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attentional bias (AB) is an implicit selective attention toward processing disorder-significant information while neglecting other environmental cues. Considerable empirical evidence highlights the clinical implication of AB in the onset and maintenance of substance use disorder. An innovative method to explore direct measures of AB relies on the eye-movement activity using technologies like eye-tracking (ET). Despite the growing interest regarding the clinical relevance of AB in the spectrum of alcohol consumption, more research is needed to fully determine the AB patterns and its transfer from experimental to clinical applications. The current study consisted of three consecutive experiments. The first experiment aimed to design an ad-hoc visual attention task (VAT) consisting of alcohol-related and neutral images using a nonclinical sample (n = 15). The objective of the second and third experiments was to analyze whether the effect of type of image (alcohol-related vs. neutral images) on AB toward alcohol content using the VAT developed in the first experiment was different for type of drinker (light vs. heavy drinker in the second experiment [n = 30], and occasional social drinkers versus alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients in the third experiment [n = 48]).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Areas of interest (AOIs) within each type of image (neutral and alcohol-related) were designed and raw ET-based data were subsequently extracted through specific software analyses. For experiment 1, attention maps were created and processed for each image. For experiments 2 and 3, data on ET variables were gathered and subsequently analyzed through a two-way ANOVA with the aim of examining the effects of the type of image and drinker on eye-movement activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant interaction effect between type of image and type of drinker (light vs. heavy drinker in experiment 2, F(1, 56) = 13.578, p &lt; 0.001, partial η2 = 0.195, and occasional social drinker versus AUD patients in the experiment 3, F(1, 92) = 35.806, p &lt; 0.001, partial η2 = 0.280) for \"first fixation\" with large effect sizes, but not for \"number of fixations\" and \"dwell time.\" The simple main effect of type of image on mean \"first fixation\" score for AUD patients was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data derived from the experiments indicated the importance of AB in sub-clinical populations: heavy drinkers displayed an implicit preference for alcohol-related images compared to light drinkers. Nevertheless, AB fluctuations in patients with AUD compared to the control group were found. AUD patients displayed an early interest in alcohol images, followed by an avoidance attentional processing of alcohol-related images. The results are discussed in light of recent literature in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11126206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Methylphenidate on Cognition in Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Amphetamine Use Disorder: An Exploratory Single-Blinded within-Subject Study.","authors":"Christoffer Brynte, Maija Konstenius, Lotfi Khemiri, Amanda Bäcker, Joar Guterstam, Frances R Levin, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, Johan Franck","doi":"10.1159/000535016","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Two randomized controlled trials, utilizing robust doses of stimulants, demonstrated a significant effect on treatment outcomes in patients with ADHD/SUD. This study aimed to investigate differences in executive functioning and explore the dose-dependent effect of OROS-methylphenidate (MPH) in patients with comorbid ADHD and amphetamine use disorder (ADHD+AMPH) and patients with ADHD only.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three groups (ADHD+AMPH, ADHD only, and healthy controls) were assessed repeatedly with a neuropsychological test battery. An exploratory within-subject single-blinded design was employed where the ADHD only group received a maximum dose of 72 mg OROS-MPH, the ADHD+AMPH group a maximum dose of 180 mg, whereas the healthy subjects did not receive any study medication. Both ADHD groups received the same dose titration up to 72 mg OROS-MPH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ADHD+AMPH group demonstrated a significantly poorer motor inhibition and spatial working memory and reported more severe ADHD symptoms compared to the ADHD only group. 180 mg OROS-MPH was associated with a significant improvement in executive functioning in the dual diagnosis group. However, the exploratory study design and recruitment issues do not allow for any conclusion to be drawn regarding the effect of 180 mg OROS-MPH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with ADHD+AMPH present with more severe neurocognitive deficits compared to ADHD only. The effect of 180 mg OROS-MPH on cognition in patients with ADHD+AMPH was inconclusive. Future studies should consider recruitment issues and high drop-out rates in this study population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138458732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Detection of Hexahydrocannabinol in Driver Saliva: Preliminary Data.","authors":"Anne-Sophie Derne, Jean-Yves Jouzeau, Elise Pape, Allan Kolodziej, Valérie Gibaja, Elodie Marchand, Nicolas Gambier, Julien Scala-Bertola","doi":"10.1159/000541760","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hexahydrocannabinol or HHC has recently appeared on the Internet and in cannabidiol (CBD) stores in various forms. Although the abuse and dependence potential of HHC consumption has not yet been established, HHC has been reported by consumers to have effects similar to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and has been classified as narcotics in France since June 12, 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of all cases of oral fluid samples collected from drivers by traffic police officers and sent to our laboratory to confirm the presence of illicit substances between June 12, 2023 and December 31, 2023. The presence of 33 psychoactive substances, including HHC, THC, and CBD, in the oral fluid samples was assessed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 867 oral fluid samples analyzed, 16 were positive for HHC and involved only male drivers aged between 19 and 58. The mean and median HHC concentrations found in oral fluid were 35 ± 69 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, respectively. In these preliminary data, HHC was always associated with THC, but the THC/HHC and CBD/HHC ratios were very broad. Although the kinetics of HHC and THC in saliva are different, the 11 cases with the highest THC/HHC ratios (>300) support that impaired alertness in drivers may be mainly due to THC. In these 11 cases, a linear correlation was found between THC and HHC concentrations in oral fluid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further large-scale studies are required to extend these preliminary data, but the emerging detection of HHC in oral fluid of drivers may illustrate its spreading use in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"402-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Portuguese Version of the Game Addiction Scale-7: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties.","authors":"Ilda Massano-Cardoso, Filipa Nogueira, Sofia Carvalho Figueiredo, Ana Galhardo","doi":"10.1159/000539712","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Game addiction (GA) can be described as a compulsive and excessive usage of computers or video games that causes emotional and or social problems. The current study tested the factor structure and psychometric properties of the European Portuguese Game Addiction Scale (GAS-7-PT) short version.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample encompassed 375 participants, 233 women (62.1%) and 142 men (37.9%), with a mean age of 21.71 (standard deviation = 5.82) years old. Participants completed a set of self-report measures online: the GAS-7-PT, the Scale of Involvement in Video Games and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a biological sex invariant single-factor structure with a very good fit to the data. The GAS-7-PT showed good reliability and test-retest reliability. Correlations with related and unrelated measures suggested convergent validity, and partial correlation results pointed to incremental validity. Men showed significantly higher scores than women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The GAS-7-PT is a self-report instrument with suitable psychometric properties for clinical and research contexts. The availability of a European Portuguese version confirms the GAS-7 robust consistency and allows further cross-cultural clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"216-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction Medicine and Psychiatry Workforce Training and Planning across Australia and New Zealand: Commentary on \"Education and Training in Addiction Medicine and Psychology across Europe: a EUFAS Survey\".","authors":"Shalini Arunogiri, Dan Lubman, James Foulds","doi":"10.1159/000536560","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"159-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140101340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Approach-Bias Modification as Add-On to Varieties of Clinical Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders: Results of a Multicenter RCT.","authors":"Edwin J Schenkel, Mike Rinck, Reinout W Wiers, Eni S Becker, Stephan Muhlig, Robert Schoeneck, Johannes Lindenmeyer","doi":"10.1159/000537811","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Abstinence rates after inpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are modest (1-year rate around 50%). One promising approach is to re-train the automatically activated action tendency to approach alcohol-related stimuli (alcohol-approach bias) in AUD patients, as add-on to regular treatment. As efficacy has been demonstrated in well-controlled randomized controlled trials, the important next step is to add alcohol-approach-bias modification (alcohol-ApBM) to varieties of existing treatments for AUD. Therefore, this prospective, multicenter implementation-RCT examined whether adding alcohol-ApBM to regular treatments (various abstinence-oriented treatments including both individual and group-based interventions) would significantly increase abstinence rates compared to receiving regular treatment only, in a variety of naturalistic settings with different therapeutic approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,586 AUD inpatients from 9 German rehabilitation clinics were randomly assigned to receive either ApBM in addition to regular treatment or not. Training satisfaction of patients and therapists was measured after training. Success rates were determined at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Return rates of the post-treatment assessments varied greatly between clinics, often being low (18-76%). Nevertheless, ApBM significantly increased success rates after 3 months. After 6 and 12 months, the differences were not significant. ApBM was evaluated mostly positively by patients and therapists.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>ApBM was an effective add-on to regular treatment of AUD at 3 months follow-up, across a variety of AUD treatment settings. However, low return rates for the clinical outcomes reduced the effect size of ApBM considerably. The application of ApBM proved feasible in varying clinical settings, offering the opportunity to modify automatic processes and to promote abstinence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140179475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Risk Cannabis Use: A Proposal of an Operational Definition through Delphi Methodology for Scientific Consensus.","authors":"Clara Oliveras, Pablo Rodrigo Guzman Cortez, Laura Nuno, Joan Colom, Cristina Casajuana Kögel, Francisco Pascual, Sergio Fernández-Artamendi, Antoni Gual, Mercè Balcells-Oliveró, Hugo López-Pelayo","doi":"10.1159/000540541","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabis ranks as one of the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide. Its usage has been reported as a risk factor for developing a variety of physical and mental health issues, alongside social and economic problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hazardous (or high-risk) substance use is defined as \"a pattern of substance use that increases the risk of harmful consequences for the user.\" The primary objective of this study was to achieve a consensus on an operational definition of high-risk cannabis use suitable for a European jurisdiction (Spain).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three round Delphi study was conducted. The Delphi technique entails group decision-making and iterative forecasting by consulting a panel of experts and conducting systematic feedback rounds. An online survey was distributed among a diverse expert panel comprising professionals from Spain working on fields related to cannabis use (research, policy planning, and clinical professionals). One-hundred ninety-nine invitations were sent to experts, of which forty-five (22.6%) accepted to participate. All participants were provided the option to revise a background document with the latest compiled scientific evidence and guidelines related to health and social conditions associated to cannabis usage. This background document also proposed the quantification of dose using a standardized unit established for the population of Spain (the Standard Joint Unit or SJU) based on quantity of cannabis main psychoactive constituent, 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) (1 SJU = 1 joint = 0.25 g of cannabis = 7 mg of 9-THC). Three rounds of Likert scale and open-ended questions were administered until consensus, defined as ≥75% agreement, was attained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consensus was reached on defining high-risk cannabis use as the usage of more than 4 SJU (>28 mg THC) per week or any use of cannabis with potency >10% THC. Concurrent use of cannabis with other drugs was also considered high risk, while the smoked route was considered the riskiest administration route. It was also agreed that vulnerable groups for high-risk cannabis use (for whom any pattern of cannabis use represents high risk of harm) include individuals under the age of 21, pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with psychiatric history, those with medical health issues related to cannabis use, professional drivers and heavy machine operators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This operational definition of high-risk cannabis use for Spain elucidates usage patterns and individual vulnerability factors predictive of heightened harm. Its adoption holds potential to inform decision-making among individuals, professionals, and policy-makers, facilitating evidence-based interventions aimed at prevention and risk reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"288-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education and Training in Alcohology in Italy.","authors":"Roberta Agabio, Marco Domenicali, Valeria Zavan, Giovanni Addolorato","doi":"10.1159/000537799","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"145-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Food Craving in Women Affected by Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Heverton Araújo de Oliveira Figueirêdo, Edson Silva-Filho, Antônio Felipe Cavalcante, Rodrigo Pegado, Anna Cecília Queiroz de Medeiros","doi":"10.1159/000535720","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Craving is a multifactorial behavior caused by central circuit imbalance. The proposed treatments involve exercise and reduced food intake. However, the treatments frequently fail. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 10 consecutive sessions of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on food craving and eating consumption of women affected by overweight and obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized double-blind controlled trial with 50 volunteers was divided into two groups (active-tDCS: n = 25 and sham-tDCS: n = 25). There were a total of 10 consecutive tDCS sessions (2 mA, for 20 min) with an F4 anodal-F3 cathodal montage. We evaluated the effects on eating behavior (food craving, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and cognitive restriction), food consumption (calories and macronutrients), and anthropometric and body composition variables (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant results between groups at the baseline regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Also, there was no significant interaction between time versus group for any of the variables studied. Treatment with tDCS was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In women affected by overweight and obesity with food cravings, 10 sessions of F4 (anodal) and F3 (cathodal) tDCS did not produce changes in eating behavior, food consumption, and anthropometric and body composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}