European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Measuring Objective and Subjective Sleep during Lisdexamfetamine Treatment of Acute Methamphetamine Withdrawal: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Liam S Acheson, Christopher Gordon, Rebecca McKetin, Jonathan Brett, Michael Christmass, Craig Rodgers, Nicholas Lintzeris, Adrian Dunlop, Michael Farrell, Steven Shoptaw, Nadine Ezard, Krista J Siefried","doi":"10.1159/000536328","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep disturbance is common during methamphetamine (MA) use and withdrawal; however, the feasibility of combined subjective-objective measurement of sleep-wake has not been shown in this population. Actigraphy is a well-established, non-invasive measure of sleep-wake cycles with good concordance with polysomnography. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and utility of using actigraphy and sleep diaries to investigate sleep during MA withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a feasibility and utility study of actigraphy and sleep diaries during a clinical trial of lisdexamfetamine for MA withdrawal. Participants were inpatients for 7 days, wore an actigraph (Philips Actiwatch 2) and completed a modified Consensus Sleep Diary each morning. Participants were interviewed between days 3-5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten participants (mean age 37 years, 90% male) were enrolled. No participant removed the device prematurely. Participants interviewed (n = 8) reported that the actigraph was not difficult or distracting to wear or completion of daily sleep diary onerous. Actigraphic average daily sleep duration over 7 days was 568 min, sleep onset latency 22.4 min, wake after sleep onset (WASO) 75.2 min, and sleep efficiency 83.6%. Sleep diaries underreported daily sleep compared with actigraphy (sleep duration was 56 min (p = 0.008) and WASO 47 min (p &lt; 0.001) less). Overall sleep quality was 4.4 on a nine-point Likert scale within the diary.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continuous actigraphy is feasible to measure sleep-wake in people withdrawing from MA, with low participant burden. We found important differences in self-reported and actigraphic sleep, which need to be explored in more detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"121-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelics: From Cave Art to 21st-Century Medicine for Addiction.","authors":"Ioanna A Vamvakopoulou, David J Nutt","doi":"10.1159/000540062","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings dates back as early as 8,500 BCE. Only in recent years, from the mid-20th century, we have seen the re-emergence of psychedelics in a therapeutic setting and more specifically for the treatment of addiction. This article aims to review research over the past 40 years using classic (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], dimethyltryptamine [DMT], mescaline) and atypical (ketamine, ibogaine, 5-MeO-DMT, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) psychedelics for the treatment of addiction.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We will start with an overview of the pharmacology and physiological and psychological properties of psychedelic substances from pre-clinical and clinical research. We will then provide an overview of evidence gathered by studies conducted in controlled research environments and naturalistic and ceremonial settings, while we identify the proposed therapeutic mechanisms of each psychedelic substance.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Classic and atypical psychedelics show promise as therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of addiction, through the improvement of psychological and physiological symptoms of dependence. A more comprehensive understanding of the ancient and present-day knowledge of the therapeutic potential of psychedelics can facilitate hope for psychedelic therapeutics in the treatment of addiction, especially for individuals who have failed other conventional treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"302-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Dependent Differences in the Neural Correlates of Cocaine and Emotional Cue-Reactivity in Regular Cocaine Users and Non-Drug-Using Controls: Understanding the Role of Duration and Severity of Use.","authors":"Stephan Tap, Eila van Stipriaan, Anna E Goudriaan, Anne Marije Kaag","doi":"10.1159/000538599","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of cocaine use disorder in females is suggested to be more strongly related to neural mechanisms underlying stress-reactivity, whereas in males it is suggested to be more strongly related to neural mechanisms underlying drug cue-reactivity. Existing evidence, however, is based on neuroimaging studies that either lack a control group and/or have very small sample sizes that do not allow to investigate sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main objective of the current study was to investigate sex differences in the neural correlates of cocaine and negative emotional cue-reactivity within high-risk intranasal cocaine users (CUs: 31 males and 26 females) and non-cocaine-using controls (non-CUs: 28 males and 26 females). A region of interest (ROI) analysis was applied to test for the main and interaction effects of group, sex, and stimulus type (cocaine cues vs. neutral cocaine cues and negative emotional cues vs. neutral emotional cues) on activity in the dorsal striatum, ventral striatum (VS), amygdala, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant sex or group differences in cocaine cue-reactivity in any of the ROIs. Results did reveal significant emotional cue-reactivity in the amygdala and VS, but these effects were not moderated by group or sex. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that emotional cue-induced activation of the dACC and VS was negatively associated with years of regular cocaine use in female CUs, while this relationship was absent in male CUs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While speculative, the sex-specific associations between years of regular use and emotional cue-reactivity in the dACC and VS suggest that, with longer years of use, female CUs become less sensitive to aversive stimuli, including the negative consequences of cocaine use, which could account for the observed \"telescoping effect\" in female CUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"163-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence and Changes in Alcohol Consumption across Three Trimesters of Pregnancy Assessed by Ethyl Glucuronide Concentration in Maternal Hair and Self-Reports: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Katarzyna Okulicz-Kozaryn, Emilia Marchei, Ewa Helwich, Magdalena Rutkowska, Tomasz M Maciejewski, Patrycja Gumuła, Aleksandra Januszaniec-Piotrowska, Martyna Bójko, Katarzyna Radiukiewicz, Anna Dzielska, Simona Pichini","doi":"10.1159/000542474","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The teratogenic effect of alcohol is well known, but its prevalence is usually underestimated. This study presents the findings of a cross-sectional study conducted in Poland, which aimed to assess the prevalence and changes in alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The study utilized ethyl glucuronide (EtG) concentration in maternal hair and self-reports as measures to evaluate alcohol intake across the three trimesters of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved postpartum women (n = 150) and their babies. Hair samples from 135 participants allowed segmental analysis (separately for the three trimesters), and hair from 15 were analysed for the entire 9 months by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Survey data included self-reports of health-related behaviours and socio-demographic characteristics; medical records - information on the course of a pregnancy and newborn's health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Standard medical interview revealed no cases of alcohol use during pregnancy. The analysis of EtG indicated 50.3% of women had been drinking alcohol at any time during pregnancy, including 10% with excessive alcohol consumption. Most participants maintained the same level of alcohol consumption throughout the pregnancy, but 8.7% of women decreased and 20.7% increased the amount of alcohol consumed between the 1st and 2nd or 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Gestational consumption of alcohol was not related to socio-demographic characteristics, course of pregnancy, and self-reported health behaviours, but babies of women who drank alcohol during pregnancy were more often small for gestation age than babies of abstainers (odds ratio [OR] = 6.008), with the highest risk observed in case of increased alcohol consumption (OR = 12.348).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal hair analysis is useful in detecting pregnancy alcohol use and allows retrospective analysis over a longer period than other biological samples, providing a more comprehensive pattern of use throughout pregnancy. However, there is a need to improve routine methods of interviewing patients about alcohol use and to implement effective preventive strategies regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Poland.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"378-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contingency Management for Cannabis Use Disorder Treatment.","authors":"Marcelo G Lima, Vitor S Tardelli, Thiago M Fidalgo","doi":"10.1159/000540193","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although recreational cannabis use and abuse are expressive worldwide, the comparison of worldwide used psychotherapies, such as cognitive behavior therapy, with contingency management in the treatment of cannabis use disorder remains inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened all articles published on MEDLINE (via PubMed) published until October 2023 and conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were included, and contingency management intervention likely promotes abstinence outcomes and more negative urinalyses for adults or adolescents with cannabis use disorder.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review provides moderate- to high-quality evidence that contingency management can be used to treat cannabis use disorder. However, further trials need to be developed to analyze the quantity of substance use, personal achievements, and operational improvements after treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"321-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Therapeutic Process of Patients with Cocaine Use Disorders: A Guide for Predicting Readmission.","authors":"Daniel Dacosta-Sánchez, Fermín Fernández-Calderón, Carmen Díaz-Batanero, Cinta Mancheño-Velasco, Óscar M Lozano","doi":"10.1159/000535689","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with cocaine use disorders have very high readmission rates. Our aim was to model the relationships between attributes of patients with cocaine use disorder at the beginning of treatment, therapeutic process indicators of time in treatment or proportion of appointments attended, and treatment outcomes, including outcomes at discharge and non-readmissions posttreatment as indicators of therapeutic success.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective observational design was used with 10,298 cocaine use disorder patients. Electronic health records were used for statistical analysis of the data. Randomized subsample 1 (n = 5,150) was used for exploratory analysis and subsample 2 (n = 5,148) for modeling relationships between the variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients attributes at intake (e.g., legal services as the source of referral) were of limited significance in explaining time in treatment, proportion of appointments attended, and treatment outcomes. Time in treatment and proportion of appointments attended emerged as significant factors in explaining outcomes at discharge. However, readmissions were primarily explained by time in treatment and outcomes at discharge, although referrals to addiction centers by health services also appeared to be relevant for explaining readmission.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Our study has shown that maintaining a sufficient appointment attendance rate and remaining in treatment for a longer duration are critical therapeutic process indicators for explaining outcomes at the point of discharge and therapeutic success, as indicated by a reduced likelihood of readmissions. Patients who remained in treatment for an extended period were found to have a reduced risk of future readmissions. In addition, our study highlights the importance of maintaining a satisfactory appointment attendance rate to attain successful short- and medium-term therapeutic discharge outcomes. These guidelines could help to increase the efficiency of patient treatment and alleviate the suffering of both patients and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"80-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction Psychiatry Training in India: Commentary on Bramness et al., 2022.","authors":"Lekhansh Shukla, Prakrithi Shivaprakash","doi":"10.1159/000537757","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"156-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140038977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality Traits and Drug Use: A Longitudinal Study Using Data from the British Cohort Study.","authors":"Eduardo Martínez-Gabaldón, Jorge Eduardo Martínez-Pérez","doi":"10.1159/000541265","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Drug use is a significant health, economic and social concern globally. Research indicates that personality traits are crucial in explaining drug use. This paper contributes to the expanding literature by exploring how personality traits at age 10 affect the likelihood of having used any drug at age 30.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the British Cohort Study 1970. The Big Five dimensions were derived by aggregating items related to distinct traits. Furthermore, probit regression analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship between personality traits at age 10 and drug use by age 30.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with low levels of conscientiousness, or agreeableness; or high levels of extraversion, or internal locus of control at the age of 10 are more likely to use any drug in adulthood. In addition, significant differences were observed across gender and types of drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that early personality traits play a pivotal role in predicting the likelihood of drug use in adulthood. The results interest policymakers, as they could guide the implementation of personality-targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of specific personality traits. For instance, emotional regulation training could benefit children with low conscientiousness; while stimulating activities such as sports, creative arts, or music could engage children with high extraversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"357-365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effectiveness of a Quitline for Smoking Cessation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Simone Delle, Ludwig Kraus, Simona Maspero, Oliver Pogarell, Eva Hoch, Kirsten Lochbühler","doi":"10.1159/000541682","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking remains a significant global public health issue, leading to numerous preventable deaths and disabilities annually. Telephone counselling is a recommended intervention for smoking cessation, offering accessible support to a wide range of people who smoke. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the German quitline for smoking cessation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A parallel-group, two-arm, superiority, randomized controlled trial was conducted between October 2021 and November 2023. People who smoked daily and were willing to quit received either up to six telephone counselling calls (intervention group) or a self-help brochure (control group). Seven-day point prevalence abstinence from cigarettes and tobacco at 12 months and prolonged cigarette and tobacco abstinence from 3 to 12 months after the start of the intervention were assessed. Further, the use of additional cessation aids was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of n = 905 participants were randomized (intention-to-treat sample). The intervention group (n = 477) exhibited higher rates of prolonged cigarette abstinence (31.7% vs. 17.8%) and prolonged tobacco abstinence (30.8% vs. 15.2%) compared to the control group (n = 428) at 12-month follow-up with corresponding odds ratios of 2.2 (95% CI [1.6, 3.0]) and 2.5 (95% CI [1.8, 3.5]). Seven-day point-prevalence cigarette abstinence was not statistically significant (OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.0, 1.7]). E-cigarettes were the most commonly used additional cessation aid (46.0%), followed by electronic media (31.0%) and nicotine replacement therapy (26.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Telephone counselling provided by the national German quitline for smoking cessation demonstrates effectiveness in promoting long-term abstinence from cigarettes and tobacco. Increased awareness and use of the quitline could promote cessation rates in Germany. Given the rising popularity of novel nicotine consumer products, counselling protocols should incorporate information on their risks and potential as cessation tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"366-377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents Vol. 29, 2023","authors":"K. Ersche, Robert Whelan, Peter Blanken, Jørgen G. Bramness – Norwegian","doi":"10.1159/issn.1022-6877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/issn.1022-6877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"83 10","pages":"I - VI"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}