European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Measuring Objective and Subjective Sleep during Lisdexamfetamine Treatment of Acute Methamphetamine Withdrawal: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Liam S Acheson, Christopher Gordon, Rebecca McKetin, Jonathan Brett, Michael Christmass, Craig Rodgers, Nicholas Lintzeris, Adrian Dunlop, Michael Farrell, Steven Shoptaw, Nadine Ezard, Krista J Siefried","doi":"10.1159/000536328","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep disturbance is common during methamphetamine (MA) use and withdrawal; however, the feasibility of combined subjective-objective measurement of sleep-wake has not been shown in this population. Actigraphy is a well-established, non-invasive measure of sleep-wake cycles with good concordance with polysomnography. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and utility of using actigraphy and sleep diaries to investigate sleep during MA withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a feasibility and utility study of actigraphy and sleep diaries during a clinical trial of lisdexamfetamine for MA withdrawal. Participants were inpatients for 7 days, wore an actigraph (Philips Actiwatch 2) and completed a modified Consensus Sleep Diary each morning. Participants were interviewed between days 3-5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten participants (mean age 37 years, 90% male) were enrolled. No participant removed the device prematurely. Participants interviewed (n = 8) reported that the actigraph was not difficult or distracting to wear or completion of daily sleep diary onerous. Actigraphic average daily sleep duration over 7 days was 568 min, sleep onset latency 22.4 min, wake after sleep onset (WASO) 75.2 min, and sleep efficiency 83.6%. Sleep diaries underreported daily sleep compared with actigraphy (sleep duration was 56 min (p = 0.008) and WASO 47 min (p &lt; 0.001) less). Overall sleep quality was 4.4 on a nine-point Likert scale within the diary.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continuous actigraphy is feasible to measure sleep-wake in people withdrawing from MA, with low participant burden. We found important differences in self-reported and actigraphic sleep, which need to be explored in more detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"121-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelics: From Cave Art to 21st-Century Medicine for Addiction.","authors":"Ioanna A Vamvakopoulou, David J Nutt","doi":"10.1159/000540062","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings dates back as early as 8,500 BCE. Only in recent years, from the mid-20th century, we have seen the re-emergence of psychedelics in a therapeutic setting and more specifically for the treatment of addiction. This article aims to review research over the past 40 years using classic (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], dimethyltryptamine [DMT], mescaline) and atypical (ketamine, ibogaine, 5-MeO-DMT, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) psychedelics for the treatment of addiction.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We will start with an overview of the pharmacology and physiological and psychological properties of psychedelic substances from pre-clinical and clinical research. We will then provide an overview of evidence gathered by studies conducted in controlled research environments and naturalistic and ceremonial settings, while we identify the proposed therapeutic mechanisms of each psychedelic substance.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Classic and atypical psychedelics show promise as therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of addiction, through the improvement of psychological and physiological symptoms of dependence. A more comprehensive understanding of the ancient and present-day knowledge of the therapeutic potential of psychedelics can facilitate hope for psychedelic therapeutics in the treatment of addiction, especially for individuals who have failed other conventional treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"302-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Dependent Differences in the Neural Correlates of Cocaine and Emotional Cue-Reactivity in Regular Cocaine Users and Non-Drug-Using Controls: Understanding the Role of Duration and Severity of Use.","authors":"Stephan Tap, Eila van Stipriaan, Anna E Goudriaan, Anne Marije Kaag","doi":"10.1159/000538599","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of cocaine use disorder in females is suggested to be more strongly related to neural mechanisms underlying stress-reactivity, whereas in males it is suggested to be more strongly related to neural mechanisms underlying drug cue-reactivity. Existing evidence, however, is based on neuroimaging studies that either lack a control group and/or have very small sample sizes that do not allow to investigate sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main objective of the current study was to investigate sex differences in the neural correlates of cocaine and negative emotional cue-reactivity within high-risk intranasal cocaine users (CUs: 31 males and 26 females) and non-cocaine-using controls (non-CUs: 28 males and 26 females). A region of interest (ROI) analysis was applied to test for the main and interaction effects of group, sex, and stimulus type (cocaine cues vs. neutral cocaine cues and negative emotional cues vs. neutral emotional cues) on activity in the dorsal striatum, ventral striatum (VS), amygdala, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant sex or group differences in cocaine cue-reactivity in any of the ROIs. Results did reveal significant emotional cue-reactivity in the amygdala and VS, but these effects were not moderated by group or sex. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that emotional cue-induced activation of the dACC and VS was negatively associated with years of regular cocaine use in female CUs, while this relationship was absent in male CUs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While speculative, the sex-specific associations between years of regular use and emotional cue-reactivity in the dACC and VS suggest that, with longer years of use, female CUs become less sensitive to aversive stimuli, including the negative consequences of cocaine use, which could account for the observed \"telescoping effect\" in female CUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"163-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contingency Management for Cannabis Use Disorder Treatment.","authors":"Marcelo G Lima, Vitor S Tardelli, Thiago M Fidalgo","doi":"10.1159/000540193","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although recreational cannabis use and abuse are expressive worldwide, the comparison of worldwide used psychotherapies, such as cognitive behavior therapy, with contingency management in the treatment of cannabis use disorder remains inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened all articles published on MEDLINE (via PubMed) published until October 2023 and conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were included, and contingency management intervention likely promotes abstinence outcomes and more negative urinalyses for adults or adolescents with cannabis use disorder.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review provides moderate- to high-quality evidence that contingency management can be used to treat cannabis use disorder. However, further trials need to be developed to analyze the quantity of substance use, personal achievements, and operational improvements after treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"321-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Therapeutic Process of Patients with Cocaine Use Disorders: A Guide for Predicting Readmission.","authors":"Daniel Dacosta-Sánchez, Fermín Fernández-Calderón, Carmen Díaz-Batanero, Cinta Mancheño-Velasco, Óscar M Lozano","doi":"10.1159/000535689","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with cocaine use disorders have very high readmission rates. Our aim was to model the relationships between attributes of patients with cocaine use disorder at the beginning of treatment, therapeutic process indicators of time in treatment or proportion of appointments attended, and treatment outcomes, including outcomes at discharge and non-readmissions posttreatment as indicators of therapeutic success.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective observational design was used with 10,298 cocaine use disorder patients. Electronic health records were used for statistical analysis of the data. Randomized subsample 1 (n = 5,150) was used for exploratory analysis and subsample 2 (n = 5,148) for modeling relationships between the variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients attributes at intake (e.g., legal services as the source of referral) were of limited significance in explaining time in treatment, proportion of appointments attended, and treatment outcomes. Time in treatment and proportion of appointments attended emerged as significant factors in explaining outcomes at discharge. However, readmissions were primarily explained by time in treatment and outcomes at discharge, although referrals to addiction centers by health services also appeared to be relevant for explaining readmission.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Our study has shown that maintaining a sufficient appointment attendance rate and remaining in treatment for a longer duration are critical therapeutic process indicators for explaining outcomes at the point of discharge and therapeutic success, as indicated by a reduced likelihood of readmissions. Patients who remained in treatment for an extended period were found to have a reduced risk of future readmissions. In addition, our study highlights the importance of maintaining a satisfactory appointment attendance rate to attain successful short- and medium-term therapeutic discharge outcomes. These guidelines could help to increase the efficiency of patient treatment and alleviate the suffering of both patients and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"80-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction Psychiatry Training in India: Commentary on Bramness et al., 2022.","authors":"Lekhansh Shukla, Prakrithi Shivaprakash","doi":"10.1159/000537757","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"156-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140038977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents Vol. 29, 2023","authors":"K. Ersche, Robert Whelan, Peter Blanken, Jørgen G. Bramness – Norwegian","doi":"10.1159/issn.1022-6877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/issn.1022-6877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"83 10","pages":"I - VI"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000533225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000533225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46711761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern and Socio-demographic characteristics of Drug Users at the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) Rehabilitation Facility, Port Harcourt","authors":"Nkporbu Ak, Stanley Pc","doi":"10.33425/2639-8451.1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8451.1035","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance abuse particularly among young people has become a large phenomenon globally affecting all segments of society. The abuse of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other psychoactive drugs among young people has become an issue of public health concern with untold negative consequences on human existence. Aim: This study sought to examine the sociodemographic profiles and patterns of drug use among drug users at the NDLEA Rehabilitation Facility, Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among inmates of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), Port Harcourt. A structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and other factors were self-administered to inmates of the facility, who have been brought by their relative for addiction care over a period of 3 years (2017 to 2020). Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and approval was obtained from the NDLEA Authority. All other ethical provisions were followed. Descriptive statistics was used to analyzed the data. Data were analyzed with number count, percentage, and then Chi-square of independence. Results: Majority of the drug users were male (98,8%), single (72.5%), unemployed (27.5%) and apprentice (40.0%), between the ages of 15 and 35 (67.5%) and with tertiary education. Cannabis was the most consumed drug (75.7%), followed by nicotine (30.8%) alcohol (28.3%), cocaine (27.4%) and heroine (25.8%). Majority of the users were introduced to drug by friends and family members and referred to the feeling they got on the first day of use as high and happy. Majority had 15 to 25 years as age of onset of drug use and there were no family history of psychoactive substance use or mental illness. Conclusion: Substance use is common among young people between the ages of 26 and 30, single, with higher level of education and low-income earners. Majority use illicit drugs, which they started at early age of 15 to 25 and introduced to by friends and family members. Improvement in socio-economic status of adolescents and sustained public health enlightenment will help to reduce the rising prevalence of drug use.","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81235767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern and Prevalence of Drug Use among a Population of Mentally Ill Patients attending the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital","authors":"Nkporbu Ak, Ojule In","doi":"10.33425/2639-8451.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8451.1034","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People with mental illness are at increased risk for substance use and individuals who experience a substance use disorder (SUD) during their lives may experience a co-occurring mental disorder and vice versa. The dual diagnosis often affects the illness course, worsens prognosis and presents a management difficulty. Aim: This study aimed to look at the prevalence of psychoactive use among mentally ill patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among attendees of Neuropsychiatric Outpatient Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). A structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and other factors were self-administered to 75 patients diagnosed with various psychiatric disorders by consultants Psychiatrists and attending the out-patient clinic via a systematic random sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and all other ethical provisions were followed. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Results: Majority of the respondents were male (81%), single (76.0%), unemployed (36.0%), low income earners (73.4%) and between the ages of 21 and 30 (44%).. Majority had tertiary education (58.7%) followed by respondents with secondary education (33.3%). The prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 48% with Cannabis being the most reported consumed drug (24%), cocaine 16%, nicotine 14.7%, heroine 10.7%, alcohol 6.7%, then volatile substance and hypno-sedation 2.7% and 1.3% respectively. Majority of the Respondents had use drugs between 1- 10 years. Conclusion: Drug use is common among the persons suffering from mental disorders in UPTH. Better evaluation for and proper management of this dual diagnosis will help to improve their mental well-being and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79987751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}