European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Harm-Reduction Programs and Interventions for Equity-Deserving Populations Who Use Crack-Cocaine: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Camilla Sculco, Frank Zobel, Mélina Tognolini, Joëlle Rosselet Amoussou, Emiliano Albanese, Yasser Khazaal","doi":"10.1159/000551848","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Background: Crack-cocaine use is associated with severe physical and mental health consequences, including cardiac, pulmonary, and psychiatric conditions. It also heightens the risk of overdose and transmission of infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and hepatitis. Equity-deserving populations - more specifically, groups affected by socioeconomic marginalization, discrimination, and systemic inequities - are disproportionately impacted. In recent years, its rising prevalence in European cities has underscored crack-cocaine as a growing social and public health concern. This trend highlights the need to reorient drug policies toward a public health-oriented approach and to implement coherent and inclusive harm-reduction programs and interventions for equity-deserving populations. Summary: We conducted a comprehensive review of harm-reduction programs and interventions for crack-cocaine use, focusing on equity-deserving groups. A literature search was conducted in November 2024, in 9 bibliographic databases. Additional searches were performed using backward citation tracking. A total of 24 publications were included in the final dataset and underwent data extraction, synthesis, and tabulation. Extracted data informed a narrative synthesis by study and population characteristics. Key Messages: Harm-reduction programs and interventions are tailored to women who smoke crack, hospitalized patients, people living with HIV, aboriginal descendants, and marginalized urban populations. They aim to reduce crack-cocaine related mortality and morbidity, by promoting safer consumption practices and healthier lifestyles. They improve living conditions, access to employment, and community engagement. Findings advocate prioritization of harm-reduction services that attend to women's specific experiences of gendered, race-based, social and structural violence, harassment, and discrimination. Besides, despite their vulnerability, street-involved youth, migrants, and refugees are underrepresented in research, underscoring the need for inclusive programs and interventions that consider both age and migration contexts. Most research was conducted in North America, with limited studies from Latin America, Europe, and rural settings, highlighting geographic and contextual gaps. Effective harm reduction must prioritize health equity, addressing stigma, gendered and racial violence, and structural barriers to care. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"86-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13271685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Maladaptive Schemas, Psychopathological Symptoms, and Behavioral Addictions in Adolescent Population.","authors":"Laura Macía, Gema Aonso-Diego, Ana Estévez","doi":"10.1159/000552306","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) have been identified as key cognitive factors in the development of addictive behaviors, yet their specific relationship with adolescent gambling and gaming remains unclear. The study aimed to (1) explore the relationship between Young's EMS, psychopathological symptoms, gambling, and gaming behavior and (2) examine the mediating role of psychopathological symptoms in the relationship between EMS and both gambling and gaming.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample comprised 1,189 secondary school students (M_age = 15.64; SD = 1.08; 52.5% girls). EMS, psychopathological symptoms, gambling, and gaming were assessed using the Young Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ), Symptoms Assessment Questionnaire (SA-45), South Oaks Gambling Screen for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), and Video Game-Related Experiences Questionnaire (CERV), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most EMS were associated with both problematic gaming (r_s between 0.068 and 0.233) and gambling severity (r_s between 0.061 and 0.120) and showed strong associations with psychopathological symptoms (r_s between 0.212 and 0.635). After controlling for gender and age, psychopathological symptoms significantly mediated the associations between all EMS domains and both behavioral outcomes (p ≤ 0.002). A pattern of full mediation was observed for gambling severity, whereas partial mediation was found for problematic gaming.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that addressing EMS and psychopathological symptoms may be a key component in prevention and intervention strategies for adolescent problematic gaming and gambling. Overall, this research highlights that addressing both early cognitive vulnerabilities and concurrent psychopathological symptoms is essential to mitigate the impact of behavioral addictions in youth. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"133-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and Mood Effects of Concomitant Polydrug Use of Ecstasy and Alcohol in Dutch and British Electronic Dance Event Visitors: An EMA Study.","authors":"Desirée B Spronk, Ruben J J van Beek, Robin L A Smits, Rosa Andree, Wouter den Hollander, Tom P Freeman, H Valerie Curran, Jon Waldron, Meryem Grabski, Matthijs Blankers, Margriet W van Laar","doi":"10.1159/000552706","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the widespread prevalence of concomitant polydrug use of ecstasy and alcohol, it is important to better understand the nature and effects of concomitant use. The current study aimed to investigate patterns of concurrent ecstasy and alcohol use and their possible association with mood alterations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nightlife attendees who reported having used ecstasy three times or more in the past year were recruited and participated in an ecological momentary assessment protocol as part of a larger study on substance use in the European nightlife context (ALAMA study). Substance use and mood states were assessed on four timepoints per day or night with 2-h intervals on Friday and Saturday over a 5-week period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses of the course of alcohol consumption during an \"ecstasy and alcohol\" night (i.e., with at least one time ecstasy use) showed that alcohol consumption decreased in the hours following the first night-time use of ecstasy. Alcohol consumption increased more over time on \"no ecstasy\" nights than on \"ecstasy and alcohol\" nights. There were stronger improvements in positive mood states and a stronger decline in negative mood states over the course of \"ecstasy and alcohol\" nights compared to \"no ecstasy\" nights.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Concomitant ecstasy and alcohol use among nightlife attendees is common and is associated with specific use patterns and mood effects. These findings underscore the need for nightlife-specific harm-reduction approaches that consider the social context, patterns, and the reinforcing mood effects associated with combined ecstasy and alcohol use.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"175-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148053311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Expression of Dopamine Genes as a Biomarker for Cocaine Addiction in Humans.","authors":"Stacey L Kigar, Tsen Vei Lim, Lorinda Turner, Edward T Bullmore, Karen D Ersche","doi":"10.1159/000551119","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Objective measures for the severity of addiction are needed to identify and appropriately stratify patients into effective treatment groups for intervention and recovery. Our aim was to determine if blood-derived, dopamine-related biomarkers hold predictive validity in patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 349 participants (163 patients with moderate-to-severe CUD and 186 healthy control participants without a history of substance use disorder) were recruited for a cross-sectional case-control study in the East of England, UK. Data on individual differences in CUD-related traits, e.g., impulsivity, sensation-seeking, were collected. Measurements included mRNA transcription of dopamine-related genes (DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, and COMT) and risk alleles (rs6277, rs1800497, rs12364283, rs6280, and rs4680).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CUD patients showed elevated DRD2 mRNA in peripheral blood (B₀ = 0.43, 95% CI [0.13, 0.73], p_FDR = 0.020) and the DRD2-related rs6277 risk allele was associated with CUD diagnosis (odds ratio = 2.16, 95% CI [1.15, 4.17], p = 0.02). DRD2 mRNA levels related to self-reported impulsivity (B₀ = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.32, -0.03], p = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Blood-based expression of DRD2 may be a useful biomarker related to CUD diagnosis and related traits. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambling Severity and the Use of General Health Care and Social Services: A Nationwide Population Survey of Service Use and Associated Factors.","authors":"Jenna Grundström, Tiina Latvala, Maria Heiskanen","doi":"10.1159/000552564","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Gambling-related harms constitute a significant public health concern, with adverse effects ranging from financial difficulties to mental health disorders. Therefore, people experiencing gambling-related harm may need different kinds of health care and social services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examines the social and health care usage between gambling severity groups. We aim to examine whether people with recreational, risk, or problem gambling use more social and health care services compared to non-gamblers, and what increases the probability of using social and health care services for people who gamble on different levels of risk for harms. The study used data from the population-based Healthy Finland survey (N = 28,153; 46%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that individuals with problem gambling more commonly experienced social and health vulnerabilities. Among individuals with problem gambling, 86% had utilized health care services, and 18% social care services during the past year, which was somewhat higher than among individuals who did not gamble. Among different gambling severity groups, it seemed that the use of health care services is less common among men, younger individuals, people with excessive alcohol use, and among those with higher income. Individuals in the problem gambling groups were 2.1 times more likely to utilize health care services than the non-gambling group. Among individuals with problem gambling and low-risk gambling groups, the utilization of social services was more common among those with lower income, individuals experiencing psychological distress and long-standing illnesses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide new knowledge on how people with different levels of risk for gambling harm use social and health services and support the development of social and health services in responding to gambling problems. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Prognostic Assessment of Patients with End-Stage Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease before Liver Transplantation.","authors":"Phileas Johannes Proskynitopoulos, Verena Regina Käding, Georg Schomerus, Angela Buchholz, Anil Batra, Richard Taubert, Stefan Bleich, Sandra Helen Egbers, Alexander Glahn","doi":"10.1159/000552134","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Although alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver transplantation, most patients with ALD are never evaluated. This study aims to investigate the prognostic assessment process of medical professionals often involved in treating patients with ALD. We wanted to assess the possible effect of disease understanding, stigmatization, experience in transplantation, and addiction medicine on the liver transplantation evaluation process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted as an anonymous online survey. In total, 407 health professionals were included in the study (291 medical doctors, 86 nurses, and 30 psychologists). The participants were invited to review five cases of potential liver transplantation candidates and assess the prognostic outcome (\"positive control,\" \"negative control,\" \"missing illness insight,\" \"missing social support,\" \"abstinence under 6 months\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean prognostic assessment scores were significantly different between the cases, with abstinence under 6 months being graded the highest, followed by lack of social support and lack of disease insight. We fitted a linear regression to model the influence of stigmatization, individual alcohol use, disease understanding, and experience in transplant and addiction medicine on the appraisal of each case. All models were significant (Model 1: R = 0.201, p = 0.005; Model 2: R = 0.312, p < 0.001; Model 3: R = 0.291, p < 0.001; Model 4: R = 0.283, p < 0.001; Model 5: R = 0.285, p < 0.001). All factors had a significant effect on one or more of the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that patient and evaluator characteristics significantly impact the prognostic assessment process of patients with ALD and highlight potential biases when assessing the prognosis. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"148-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Modeling and Association Pathways Integrating Psychosocial Factors for Drug Misuse in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"Zhanying Li, Na Li, Ying He, Tingyong Zhang, Anyong Peng, Zhongzhou Jiang, Cong Wen, Zhengcong Wu, Oi Kwan Joyce Chung, William Ho Cheung Li, Yu Cheng, Wei Xia","doi":"10.1159/000551125","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Early identification for preventing drug misuse among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is more cost-effective than drug treatment. However, there is a lack of scientific and comprehensive risk models for early identification. This study aimed to construct risk models and association pathways that integrate psychosocial factors influencing drug misuse in AYAs using a machine learning approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 1,012 Chinese AYAs aged 14-35 years and was conducted from June to December 2023. Key psychosocial factors for drug misuse were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Boruta. A voting classifier combining logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, and 5-fold cross-validation was used for model training and bootstrapping method wan applied for testing. Shapley additive explanation was used to determine the importance of each risk factor. A Bayesian network (BN) model was constructed to explore possible association pathways for drug misuse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3.85% of participants reported drug misuse. Significant risk factors included environmental exposure to drug misusers, working in nightlife venues (WNVs), cognition of traditional drug types, perceived risks of drug misuse, permissive attitude toward drug misuse, refusal self-efficacy of drug misuse (RSEDM), externalizing problem behavior, sensation-seeking, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The voting model showed strong performance (recall: 94.10%; area under the curve: 98.11%; accuracy: 92.63%; precision: 34.15%; F-score: 49.68%). The BN model revealed that ACEs played a central role in risk assessment of drug misuse. AYAs WNVs, with low RSEDM and exposure to drug misusers, had exceeding 90% probability of drug misuse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACEs serve as a primary risk factor, with a significant impact on social environmental influences. AYAs with ACEs and those WNVs require targeted and early interventions to prevent drug misuse. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"105-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgement to Reviewers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000549147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000549147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145539555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000545157","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"145-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion (Dys)Regulation Mediates the Link between Psychological Distress and Problem Gambling: Evaluation of the Moderating effect of Gender.","authors":"Tonia-Flery Artemi, Klavdia Neophytou, Marios Theodorou, Christiana Theodorou, Georgia Panayiotou","doi":"10.1159/000547094","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study addresses the need to identify mechanisms leading to problem gambling, by examining the relationship between psychological distress, emotion regulation difficulties, and problem gambling severity, taking into consideration the potential moderating role of gender.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We collected data from 350 regular gamblers in a Southern European country, via an online survey. We examined bivariate correlations, and gender differences in aspects of psychological distress and emotion regulation, as well as prediction of gambling problems by emotion regulation and distress. Main analyses examined a moderated mediation model, hypothesizing that specific emotion regulation difficulties, assessed using the DERS-18, mediate the link between psychological distress, assessed using the BSI-18, and problem gambling, assessed using SOGS, with gender as a moderator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that gambling problems were significantly correlated with all emotion regulation difficulties and psychological distress facets assessed. Men scored higher in SOGS than women. In linear regression analyses, the emotion regulation strategies of nonacceptance and poor awareness of emotions, and depression-related distress predicted problem gambling severity. Moderated mediation analysis showed that nonacceptance significantly mediated the distress-gambling relationship. Gender moderated the mediational pathway, with nonacceptance being a significant mediator for men but not women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings underscore the role of emotion regulation, a process that may explain the well-established link between psychological distress and gambling problems. It also highlights the need to consider gender-specific processes in interventions. Based on results, training in emotion acceptance is critical for both genders and especially for men. Results provide directions for further research into the psychological processes underlying the etiology and maintenance of problem gambling.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}