European Addiction Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Working Conditions and Other Determinants on the Risk of Substance Misuse among Healthcare Residents: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Julia de Ternay, Ludivine Nohales, Emmanuel Fort, Sophie Pelloux, Clio Coste, Pierre Leblanc, Martine Wallon, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Benjamin Rolland","doi":"10.1159/000542592","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Substance misuse significantly impairs psychosocial functioning and correlates with many environmental factors, including working conditions. We investigated the influence of working conditions and other determinants on the risk of substance misuse among healthcare residents of Lyon, France.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an online survey among medicine, dentistry and pharmacy residents of Lyon from May 30, 2022, to July 15, 2022. Participants reported their age, sex, residency specialty, and living conditions and completed the French Job Content Questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test - consumption, and questions exploring their current tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use. We constructed directed acyclic graphs to model the effect of working conditions on substance misuse and used them to perform multivariable logistic regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1,936 residents of the Lyon subdivision, 904 (46.7%) completed the survey. Among these, 54.0% exhibited alcohol misuse, 23.7% reported tobacco misuse, and 34.5% reported illicit drug misuse. Working more than 48 h per week was not associated with any substance misuse. Low social support at work predicted the use of illicit drugs (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: [1.04; 2.13]). Compared with general medicine residents, psychiatric residents had greater odds of reporting tobacco misuse (aOR: 2.28, 95% CI: [1.14; 4.58]) and illicit drug misuse (aOR: 2.51, 95% CI: [1.33; 4.74]). Pediatric and pharmacy residents had lower odds of reporting alcohol misuse (aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: [0.21; 0.84] and OR: 0.53, 95% CI: [0.28; 0.98], respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social support at work significantly impacts the risk of substance misuse among healthcare residents, as do other factors, such as residents' health specialty. These findings contribute to the development of appropriate institutional policies and support programs to improve the well-being of healthcare residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"390-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education and Training in Addiction Medicine and Psychology across Europe: A EUFAS Survey.","authors":"Jørgen G Bramness, Marja Leonhardt, Geert Dom, Albert Batalla, Gerardo Flórez Menéndez, Karl Mann, Friedrich Martin Wurst, Marcin Wojnar, Colin Drummond, Emanuele Scafato, Antoni Gual, Cristina Maria Ribeiro, Olivier Cottencin, Ulrich Frischknecht, Benjamin Rolland","doi":"10.1159/000531502","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Training in addiction medicine and addiction psychology is essential to ensure the quality of treatment for patients with substance use disorders. Some earlier research has shown varying training between countries, but no comprehensive study of addiction training across Europe has been performed. The present study by the European Federation for Addiction Societies (EUFAS) aimed to fill this gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Delphi process was used to develop a questionnaire on specialist training in addiction treatment in 24 European countries. The final questionnaire consisted of 14 questions on either addiction medicine or addiction psychology, covering the nature and content of the training and institutional approval, the number of academic professorial positions, and the estimated number of specialists in each country.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Information was not received from all countries, but six (Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Poland, and Romania) reported no specialized addiction medicine training, while 17 countries did. Seven countries (Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, and the Netherlands) reported no specialized addiction psychology training, while 14 countries did. Training content and evaluation methods varied. Approval was given either by governments, universities, or professional societies. Eighteen countries reported having professorships in addiction medicine and 12 in addiction psychology. The number of specialists in addiction medicine or psychology varied considerably across the countries.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The survey revealed a large heterogeneity in training in addiction medicine and addiction psychology across Europe. Several countries lacked formal training, and where formal training was present, there was a large variation in the length of the training. Harmonization of training, as is currently the case for other medical and psychology specializations, is warranted to ensure optimal treatment for this under-served patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10020477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Chemsex: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Fabio Bellomi, Lidia Manenti, Luca Gheda, Annalisa Bergamini, Laura Guarneri, Jennifer Rosa, Melissa Savoldi, Antonio Vita","doi":"10.1159/000534898","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemsex has been defined until now as the use of specific psychoactive substances during sexual activities in men who have sex with men (MSM) contexts to facilitate, enhance, and prolong the experience. Many studies have investigated this phenomenon in specific communities, such as MSM, or have explored the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of chemsex in an Italian group and describe its main characteristics. Additionally, the study aimed to suggest prevention strategies addressing the risks associated with drug use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. The survey was conducted among 1,828 individuals residing in Italy. Data were collected through a self-completed online survey consisting of 44 questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>248 people (13.6%) disclosed that they had practiced chemsex, 89 of which (35.9%) were female. Moreover, 13 people (5%) defined themselves as addicted to chemsex; 173 people (69.8%) would like to have more information about the risks related to chemsex, and 79 people (31.8%) would like to talk about this to a professional working in the addiction field.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The prevalence found in our Italian survey is consistent with findings from other studies. Notably, our survey reveals the presence of chemsex among women. Our results emphasize the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of chemsex, highlighting the significance of engaging specialized services such as addiction units, STD outpatient clinics, and mental health services. These healthcare facilities can effectively share information and implement risk prevention campaigns focused on chemsex.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cognitive Pathway to Persistent, Maladaptive Choice.","authors":"Gavan P McNally, Philip Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel","doi":"10.1159/000538103","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Correctly recognising that alcohol or other substances are causing problems is a necessary condition for those problems to spur beneficial behaviour change. Yet such recognition is neither immediate nor straightforward. Recognition that one's alcohol or drug use is causing negative consequences often occurs gradually. Contemporary addiction neuroscience has yet to make progress in understanding and addressing these recognition barriers, despite evidence that a lack of problem recognition is a primary impediment to seeking treatment.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Based on our recent empirical work, this article shows how recognition barriers can emerge from dual constraints on how we learn about the negative consequences of our actions. One constraint is imposed by the characteristics of negative consequences themselves. A second constraint is imposed by the characteristics of human cognition and information processing. In some people, the joint action of these constraints causes a lack of correct awareness of the consequences of their behaviour and reduced willingness to update that knowledge and behaviour when confronted with counterevidence.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This \"cognitive pathway\" can drive persistent, maladaptive choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yuting Yang, Christian P Müller, Darshan Singh","doi":"10.1159/000539338","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a medicinal tree native to Southeast Asia. The present multilevel meta-analysis describes the association between kratom use and the positive and negative indicators of mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of thirty-six articles were included in the meta-analysis to examine the associations, using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled effect size showed a very small positive association between kratom use and negative indicators of mental health {r = 0.092, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.020, 0.164], p &lt; 0.05}, while no significant association was found with positive indicators of mental health (r = -0.031, 95% CI = [-0.149, 0.087], p &gt; 0.05). Pooled effect sizes of specific mental health outcomes indicated that kratom use showed only a small positive correlation with externalizing disorders (r = 0.201, 95% CI = [0.107, 0.300], p &lt; 0.001). No significant association was found between kratom use and quality of life (r = 0.069, 95% CI = [-0.104, 0.242], p &gt; 0.05) and internalizing disorders (r = -0.001, 95% CI = [-0.115, 0.095], p &gt; 0.05). Multilevel moderator analysis showed that the pooled effect size of the association between kratom use and substance use disorder was stronger in Malaysia (r = 0.347, 95% CI = [0.209, 0.516], p &lt; 0.001), and with the mean age (β1 = -0.035, 95% CI = [-0.055, -0.014], p = 0.003), and the drug profile of those who were not co-using other drugs (r = 0.347, 95% CI = [0.209, 0.516], p &lt; 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The meta-analysis supports the kratom instrumentalization concept, in that a positive gain from kratom consumption can be achieved without any significant adverse associations with mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"252-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Attentional Bias toward Alcohol Content: Insights from Eye-Movement Activity.","authors":"Alexandra Ghiţă, Olga Hernández-Serrano, Manuel Moreno, Miquel Monràs, Antoni Gual, Pierre Maurage, Mariano Gacto-Sánchez, Marta Ferrer-García, Bruno Porras-García, José Gutiérrez-Maldonado","doi":"10.1159/000536252","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attentional bias (AB) is an implicit selective attention toward processing disorder-significant information while neglecting other environmental cues. Considerable empirical evidence highlights the clinical implication of AB in the onset and maintenance of substance use disorder. An innovative method to explore direct measures of AB relies on the eye-movement activity using technologies like eye-tracking (ET). Despite the growing interest regarding the clinical relevance of AB in the spectrum of alcohol consumption, more research is needed to fully determine the AB patterns and its transfer from experimental to clinical applications. The current study consisted of three consecutive experiments. The first experiment aimed to design an ad-hoc visual attention task (VAT) consisting of alcohol-related and neutral images using a nonclinical sample (n = 15). The objective of the second and third experiments was to analyze whether the effect of type of image (alcohol-related vs. neutral images) on AB toward alcohol content using the VAT developed in the first experiment was different for type of drinker (light vs. heavy drinker in the second experiment [n = 30], and occasional social drinkers versus alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients in the third experiment [n = 48]).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Areas of interest (AOIs) within each type of image (neutral and alcohol-related) were designed and raw ET-based data were subsequently extracted through specific software analyses. For experiment 1, attention maps were created and processed for each image. For experiments 2 and 3, data on ET variables were gathered and subsequently analyzed through a two-way ANOVA with the aim of examining the effects of the type of image and drinker on eye-movement activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant interaction effect between type of image and type of drinker (light vs. heavy drinker in experiment 2, F(1, 56) = 13.578, p &lt; 0.001, partial η2 = 0.195, and occasional social drinker versus AUD patients in the experiment 3, F(1, 92) = 35.806, p &lt; 0.001, partial η2 = 0.280) for \"first fixation\" with large effect sizes, but not for \"number of fixations\" and \"dwell time.\" The simple main effect of type of image on mean \"first fixation\" score for AUD patients was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data derived from the experiments indicated the importance of AB in sub-clinical populations: heavy drinkers displayed an implicit preference for alcohol-related images compared to light drinkers. Nevertheless, AB fluctuations in patients with AUD compared to the control group were found. AUD patients displayed an early interest in alcohol images, followed by an avoidance attentional processing of alcohol-related images. The results are discussed in light of recent literature in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11126206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Methylphenidate on Cognition in Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Amphetamine Use Disorder: An Exploratory Single-Blinded within-Subject Study.","authors":"Christoffer Brynte, Maija Konstenius, Lotfi Khemiri, Amanda Bäcker, Joar Guterstam, Frances R Levin, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, Johan Franck","doi":"10.1159/000535016","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Two randomized controlled trials, utilizing robust doses of stimulants, demonstrated a significant effect on treatment outcomes in patients with ADHD/SUD. This study aimed to investigate differences in executive functioning and explore the dose-dependent effect of OROS-methylphenidate (MPH) in patients with comorbid ADHD and amphetamine use disorder (ADHD+AMPH) and patients with ADHD only.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three groups (ADHD+AMPH, ADHD only, and healthy controls) were assessed repeatedly with a neuropsychological test battery. An exploratory within-subject single-blinded design was employed where the ADHD only group received a maximum dose of 72 mg OROS-MPH, the ADHD+AMPH group a maximum dose of 180 mg, whereas the healthy subjects did not receive any study medication. Both ADHD groups received the same dose titration up to 72 mg OROS-MPH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ADHD+AMPH group demonstrated a significantly poorer motor inhibition and spatial working memory and reported more severe ADHD symptoms compared to the ADHD only group. 180 mg OROS-MPH was associated with a significant improvement in executive functioning in the dual diagnosis group. However, the exploratory study design and recruitment issues do not allow for any conclusion to be drawn regarding the effect of 180 mg OROS-MPH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with ADHD+AMPH present with more severe neurocognitive deficits compared to ADHD only. The effect of 180 mg OROS-MPH on cognition in patients with ADHD+AMPH was inconclusive. Future studies should consider recruitment issues and high drop-out rates in this study population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138458732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Detection of Hexahydrocannabinol in Driver Saliva: Preliminary Data.","authors":"Anne-Sophie Derne, Jean-Yves Jouzeau, Elise Pape, Allan Kolodziej, Valérie Gibaja, Elodie Marchand, Nicolas Gambier, Julien Scala-Bertola","doi":"10.1159/000541760","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hexahydrocannabinol or HHC has recently appeared on the Internet and in cannabidiol (CBD) stores in various forms. Although the abuse and dependence potential of HHC consumption has not yet been established, HHC has been reported by consumers to have effects similar to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and has been classified as narcotics in France since June 12, 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of all cases of oral fluid samples collected from drivers by traffic police officers and sent to our laboratory to confirm the presence of illicit substances between June 12, 2023 and December 31, 2023. The presence of 33 psychoactive substances, including HHC, THC, and CBD, in the oral fluid samples was assessed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 867 oral fluid samples analyzed, 16 were positive for HHC and involved only male drivers aged between 19 and 58. The mean and median HHC concentrations found in oral fluid were 35 ± 69 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, respectively. In these preliminary data, HHC was always associated with THC, but the THC/HHC and CBD/HHC ratios were very broad. Although the kinetics of HHC and THC in saliva are different, the 11 cases with the highest THC/HHC ratios (>300) support that impaired alertness in drivers may be mainly due to THC. In these 11 cases, a linear correlation was found between THC and HHC concentrations in oral fluid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further large-scale studies are required to extend these preliminary data, but the emerging detection of HHC in oral fluid of drivers may illustrate its spreading use in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"402-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Portuguese Version of the Game Addiction Scale-7: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties.","authors":"Ilda Massano-Cardoso, Filipa Nogueira, Sofia Carvalho Figueiredo, Ana Galhardo","doi":"10.1159/000539712","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Game addiction (GA) can be described as a compulsive and excessive usage of computers or video games that causes emotional and or social problems. The current study tested the factor structure and psychometric properties of the European Portuguese Game Addiction Scale (GAS-7-PT) short version.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample encompassed 375 participants, 233 women (62.1%) and 142 men (37.9%), with a mean age of 21.71 (standard deviation = 5.82) years old. Participants completed a set of self-report measures online: the GAS-7-PT, the Scale of Involvement in Video Games and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a biological sex invariant single-factor structure with a very good fit to the data. The GAS-7-PT showed good reliability and test-retest reliability. Correlations with related and unrelated measures suggested convergent validity, and partial correlation results pointed to incremental validity. Men showed significantly higher scores than women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The GAS-7-PT is a self-report instrument with suitable psychometric properties for clinical and research contexts. The availability of a European Portuguese version confirms the GAS-7 robust consistency and allows further cross-cultural clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"216-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction Medicine and Psychiatry Workforce Training and Planning across Australia and New Zealand: Commentary on \"Education and Training in Addiction Medicine and Psychology across Europe: a EUFAS Survey\".","authors":"Shalini Arunogiri, Dan Lubman, James Foulds","doi":"10.1159/000536560","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11902,"journal":{"name":"European Addiction Research","volume":" ","pages":"159-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140101340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}