European Clinical Respiratory Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effects of alcohol consumption from early adolescence on lung function and development of COPD - a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Mathias Therkelsen King, Line Bjerrehave Nielsen, Ulla Møller Weinreich","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2476232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2476232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies indicate a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption (AC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with low-moderate AC being protective. We investigated the influence of AC debut (ACD) at different ages on forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and COPD development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a multi-center cohort study, data on AC were collected through a questionnaire and spirometry performed at baseline and follow-up. COPD was defined as FEV1/FVC-ratio <0.7 on post-bronchodilator spirometry. Modelling determined odds ratio (OR) of COPD and mean differences in FEV1 and FVC in stratified age groups of ACD. Never drinkers were used as reference. Adjustments were made for age, sex, smoking parameters, asthma, and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 4,717 participated in the initial work-up and 2,751 completed follow-up. A higher FEV1 and FVC was found in all groups compared to never drinkers. Highest statistically significant difference in FEV1 and FVC was found in age group 14-16 (0.17 and 0,23 L, respectively). With rising age of ACD a smaller difference in FEV1 and FVC was observed with the smallest difference in age group >25 (0.11 L) and age group 17-18 (0.13 L), respectively. A lower, but not statistically significant OR for COPD in ACD age 14-16 (OR = 0.83) and higher OR in the remaining groups with 21-25 being highest (OR = 1.36) was indicated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found higher FEV1 and FVC in all groups drinking alcohol compared to never drinkers with the highest among participants with ACD at age 14-16. The findings on risk of COPD development were not statistically significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2476232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban-rural differences in pneumonia risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide register-based study.","authors":"Allan Klitgaard, Rikke Ibsen, Ole Hilberg, Anders Løkke","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2477386","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2477386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urban-rural differences in treatment within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been documented in Denmark, and we aim to investigate such differences in the risk of pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Danish register-based cross-sectional study including patients with an International Classification of Diseases 10^th revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code of COPD (J.44) alive on the 31st of December 2018 (99,057 patients). Patients were grouped by municipality type on an urban-rural gradient (capital, metropolitan, provincial, commuter, rural). We identified outpatient pneumonias (redeemed prescriptions of antibiotics typically used for pneumonia) and pneumonia hospitalizations (ICD-10 codes) during 2018. Three groups were defined: 1) No pneumonia, 2) at least one outpatient pneumonia (but no pneumonia hospitalization), and 3) at least one pneumonia hospitalization. A multivariable multinomial logistic regression model was performed with municipality type as main explanatory variable. The 'No pneumonia' group was used as reference outcome group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients outside capital municipalities had significantly increased risk of experiencing outpatient pneumonia (Metropolitan: Odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-1.39. Provincial: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.21-1.31. Commuter: OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.20-1.31. Rural: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.23-1.33). No significant differences were found for pneumonia hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to patients in capital municipalities, patients with a hospital-registered COPD diagnosis in non-capital municipalities had a higher risk of annually redeeming at least one prescription for antibiotics typically used for outpatient pneumonia. We were unable to detect differences in pneumonia hospitalization between municipality types. Our study was not designed to assess causality, and we stress the need for future research to provide actionable insights for health policy makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2477386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2477431","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2477431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2025.2470499.].</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2477431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of cell-free tumor DNA in bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions-the DRILL study.","authors":"Amanda Juul, Arman Arshad, Alice V Christophersen, Julie Gellert Larsen, Alexis Pulga, Pernille Kristiansen, Torben Riis Rasmussen, Søren Helbo Skaarup, Ole Hilberg, Christian B Laursen","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2474277","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2474277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Small lung lesions can represent early-stage lung cancer but are difficult to diagnose. The bronchoscopic approach has the lowest risk of complications; however, the diagnostic yield is generally lower compared to trans-thoracic biopsies. Cell-free tumor DNA (cftDNA) is fragmented DNA stemming from a tumor. CftDNA in the form of methylated HOXA9 has previously been detected in bronchial lavage (BL) and has been proposed as an adjunct to conventional biopsies to improve diagnostic yield. The aim of this study was to assess whether methylated HOXA in BL could be utilized as an add-on diagnostic modality for bronchoscopic tissue sampling.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study was conducted as a prospective diagnostic accuracy study in accordance with STARD guidelines. Patients undergoing bronchoscopy for diagnosing peripheral lung lesions were included. During bronchoscopy, BL samples were collected before and after biopsy. The samples were analyzed for methylated HOXA using a predefined cutoff and compared to histopathology or the result of CT surveillance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred seventy-two patients were included, with samples collected from 155 patients. A definite diagnosis was obtained from bronchoscopic biopsies in 47.1%. The sensitivity and specificity of methylated HOXA9 in BL were 68.0 (58.0-76.8) and 76.3 (59.8-88.6), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio of methylated HOXA9 in patients with a non-diagnostic biopsy was 2.11.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diagnostic accuracy of methylated HOXA9 in BL was too low to confirm or refute malignancy following an inconclusive biopsy; however, BL was superior to blood samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2474277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the single-breath alveolar volume be adjusted to estimate true total lung capacity?","authors":"Simon Kristoffer Høgh Rasmusen, Jann Mortensen","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2470002","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2470002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total lung capacity (TLC) measured with single-breath gas diffusion (TLCsb) is systematically lower than TLC measured with whole-body plethysmography (TLCwbp) especially in patients with obstructive defects. We aimed to develop and validate a regression correction equation to reduce the discrepancy between the two measurements of TLC. Second, we compared the ability to detect restriction (reduced TLC) from adjusted TLC measured by single-breath (TLCsb_adj) with gold standard TLCwbp.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lung function data from 800 consecutive patients were analysed with multivariable linear regression. A group of 530 were included for model development, and 270 were used for model validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TLCsb was found to be on average 1.1 L lower than TLCwbp (<i>p</i> < 0.001). This difference increased with degree of airway obstruction. After adjustment TLCsb_adj did not significantly differ from TLCwbp in obstructive and mixed obstructive-restrictive subjects. TLCsb_adj had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 99% to predict restriction on an individual basis, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [-19.6%; 17.7%] percentage when comparing adjusted values of TLCsb with the true TLCwbp value.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After adjustment TLCsb was no longer significantly underestimated in obstructive and mixed restrictive-obstructive groups compared to TLCwbp. The adjustment can be used on individual subjects to estimate restriction via the TLCsb, thereby making the single-breath gas diffusion method a more valid alternative than without adjustment, when compared with the gold standard whole-body plethysmography to measure TLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2470002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease varies by CT-verified emphysema status.","authors":"Anders Ørskov Rotevatn, Tomas Mikal Eagan, Solveig Tangedal, Gunnar Reksten Husebø, Kristoffer Ostridge, Rune Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2470499","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2470499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The association of the gut microbiota to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotypes is underexplored. We aimed to compare stool samples from patients with COPD and subjects without COPD and relate findings to emphysema status, exacerbation rate, blood eosinophil levels, symptom score, and lung function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report findings from a single-centre case-control study with 62 current and former smoking patients with COPD and 49 subjects without COPD. DNA was extracted from stool samples, and the V3V4-region of the bacterial 16S-rRNA gene was sequenced. Emphysema was defined based on thoracic computed tomography (CT thorax) low attenuating areas ≥/<10% at threshold -950 and -910 hounsfield units, respectively. Differential abundance of taxa was evaluated using Analysis of Composition of Microbes with Bias Correction (ANCOM-BC). Beta diversity was compared using a distance-based permanova-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genus <i>Veillonella</i> was decreased and a genus belonging to class <i>Clostridia</i> was increased in COPD compared with controls without COPD. The composition of microbes (beta diversity) differed in emphysema compared to controls, and 27 genera were differentially abundant in emphysema vs. controls. Nine of these genera belonged to the family <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>. Lung function, blood counts and COPD assessment test score correlated with several genera's relative abundance. Of the genera showing significant correlation to lung function, nine belonged to the family <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The gut microbiota in COPD differs from that in healthy individuals, even more so in emphysema. In particular, future studies should look into the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of dysbiosis affecting the family <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2470499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complexities of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapeutic drug monitoring in a person with cystic fibrosis and <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> pulmonary disease.","authors":"Claire Y Mou, Daniel J Henderson, Angela G Matson, Karen M Herd, David W Reid, Timothy Riddles, Ellie Johnson, Brett McWhinney, Rebecca Swenson, Andrew Burke, Ieuan E S Evans","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2458341","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2458341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) remains challenging due to a lack of clarity around the parameters that govern ETI plasma concentrations, whilst the use of concomitant CYP3A inducers rifabutin and rifampicin is not recommended. We present the complexities of TDM for ETI performed in a person with cystic fibrosis and refractory <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> pulmonary disease. Utilising National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) accredited assays and target considerations published by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Australia, ETI plasma concentration variability was monitored over the course of an acute admission with added complexity from an antibiotic regimen including rifabutin, a moderate cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inducer, and clofazimine, a mild CYP3A inhibitor. This case highlights the challenges surrounding ETI TDM in the context of acute severe illness, malnutrition, chronic infection, and drug-to-drug interactions. The marked clinical improvement seen, alongside sustained ETI plasma concentrations and suppressed sweat chloride levels on serial testing, provided reassurance of the use of ETI and rifabutin concomitantly in this case, and highlights the potential utility of TDM in helping guide clinical practice. Though a current barrier to the application of TDM includes ETI only being available as a fixed dose combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2458341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathic subglottic stenosis in a 32-year-old pregnant woman.","authors":"Bo Toennesen, Thomas Kjærgaard, Johannes Martin Schmid","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2456312","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2456312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis of subglottic stenosis remains greatly a challenge for physicians due to case rarity and presentation of symptoms imitating several other more prevalent medical disorders. Idiopathic subglottic stenosis most often occurs in previously healthy perimenopausal Caucasian women. Several cases have reported symptom progression and increased stenosis, during or in between pregnancies in younger women. The following case of a 32-year-old woman provides an example of significantly long duration from initial symptom onset to diagnosis of idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Additionally, the case illustrates how pregnancy complicates diagnosis and due to the potential risk of stenosis progression and complications during labour, the patient had to undergo surgery with balloon-dilation at week 17 of pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2456312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications during chest tube drainage for iatrogenic pneumothorax.","authors":"Birgitte Siem Joensen, Uffe Bodtger, Christian B Laursen, Rob J Hallifax, Beenish Iqbal, Søren Helbo Skaarup","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2453255","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2025.2453255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iatrogenic pneumothorax is a common complication of diagnostic and therapeutic pulmonary procedures. New guidelines on primary spontaneous pneumothorax suggest ambulatory approaches may be suitable. However, guidance on iatrogenic pneumothorax occurring in patients with impaired lung function, increased age, comorbidity and frailty is lacking, and the safety profile of ambulatory management is not known. The objective was to study the safety of iatrogenic pneumothorax treated with chest tubes and to identify the risks of life-threatening events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective cohort of patients admitted and treated with an adhesive valve-integrated chest tube system, we recorded the incidence of complications. The primary outcome was the incidence of life-threatening events that required urgent medical action. Incidences of serious adverse events, adverse events, serious device-related events and whether outpatient ambulatory treatment would be safe were recorded based on the review of the medical charts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 97 patients, 6 (6%) life-threatening events occurred, including episodes of respiratory failure and an urgent need for new chest tube insertion. The event incidence was 21% in patients with pre-biopsy saturation below 95% and 1% in patients with saturation above 95%, <i>p</i> = 0.003, and greater if the lung had not expanded on the first radiograph, 25%, after insertion of the chest tube, than if the lung had fully expanded, 4%, or partially expanded, 2%, <i>p</i> = 0.009.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of life-threatening events during chest tube-treated iatrogenic pneumothorax is significant, but acceptable in patients without impaired lung function prior to the procedure and early response to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2453255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting respiratory impairment in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis by MRC dyspnoea scale and microfibrillar-associated protein 4.","authors":"Bjørk K Sofiudottir, Sören Möller, Robin Christensen, Stefan Harders, Grith L Sørensen, Jesper Blegvad, Mette Herly, Dzenan Masic, Grazina Urbonaviciene, Frank Andersen, Christin Isaksen, Brian Bridal Løgstrup, Charlotte Hyldgaard, Torkell Ellingsen","doi":"10.1080/20018525.2024.2449270","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20018525.2024.2449270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale and serum Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) levels for the detection of respiratory impairment in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients underwent blood tests, pulmonary function tests (PFT) and dyspnoea assessment using the MRC scale. Respiratory impairment was defined as a diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) <80% predicted or FEV1/FVC <70%. The primary outcomes were the MRC and MFAP4's sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and thirty-one patients had available baseline tests. Mean age was 57.7 years (SD: 10.9), 61% were female, and 45% had respiratory impairment. For MRC score ≥ 2, the sensitivity was 39.0% (95% CI 26.5; 52.6), specificity 76.4% (95% CI 64.9; 85.6), and DOR 2.07 (95% CI 0.97; 4.40). For MFAP4 > 29.0 U/mL, the sensitivity was 62.7% (95% CI 49.1; 75.0), specificity 56.9% (95% CI 44.7; 68.6), and DOR 2.22 (95% CI 1.10; 4.50). The DOR was 3.01 (95% CI 1.27; 7.16) for MFAP4 detecting respiratory impairment when adjusted for age, sex and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MRC dyspnoea score and unadjusted MFAP4 levels were poor predictors of respiratory impairment in patients with early treatment-naïve rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11872,"journal":{"name":"European Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"2449270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}