European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The correlation of inflammation, tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, and suicide risk in adolescent depression","authors":"Shuran Yang, Jingjing Han, Zhihan Ye, Huizhi Zhou, Yangye Yan, Dong Han, Shi Chen, Lu Wang, Qiang Feng, Xudong Zhao, Chuanyuan Kang","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02579-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02579-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (TKP) in the psychopathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Abnormal inflammatory profile and production of TKP neurotoxic metabolites appear more pronounced in MDD with suicidality. Progress in understanding the neurobiology of MDD in adolescents lags significantly behind that in adults due to limited empirical evidence. Aims of this study was to investigate the association between inflammation, TKP, and suicidality in adolescent depression. Seventy-three adolescents with MDD were assessed for serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and kynurenine acid (KA). Correlations between cytokines and TKP measures were examined. Patients were divided into high- (n = 42) and non-high-suicide-risk groups (n = 31), and serum levels of cytokines and TKP metabolites were compared. Significant negative correlations were found between TRP and IL-8 (r = – 0.27, P &lt; 0.05) and IL-10 (r = – 0.23, P &lt; 0.05), while a significant positive correlation was observed between 3-HK and IL-8 (r = 0.39, P &lt; 0.01) in depressed adolescents. The KYN/TPR (index of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, IDO) was positively correlated with IL-1β (r = 0.34), IL-6 (r = 0.32), IL-10 (r = 0.38) and TNF-α (r = 0.35) levels (P &lt; 0.01); and 3-HK/KYN (index of kynurenine3-monooxidase, KMO) was positively correlated with IL-8 level (r = 0.31, P &lt; 0.01). Depressed adolescents at high suicide risk exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-1β (Z = 2.726, P &lt; 0.05), IL-10 (Z = 2.444, P &lt; 0.05), and TNF-α (Z = 2.167, P &lt; 0.05) and lower levels of 3-HK (Z = 2.126, P &lt; 0.05) compared to their non-high suicide risk counterparts. Our findings indicated that serum inflammatory cytokines were robustly associated with IDO and KMO activity, along with significantly decreased serum level of TRP, increased level of 3-HK, and higher suicide risk in adolescent depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Callous-unemotional traits moderate the association between inhibitory control and disruptive behavior problems","authors":"Peter J. Castagna, Dara E. Babinski, Daniel A. Waschbusch","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02582-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02582-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits may not be unique to conduct disorder (CD) but also extend to oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). While a distinct neurocognitive profile characterizes CU traits, it remains unclear whether this CU-related neurocognitive profile differs between youth with CD and ODD. This study investigated whether CU traits moderate the relationship between inhibitory control and CD or ODD symptoms. We leveraged computational modeling to decompose task-based inhibitory control in a sample of 200 children (59.5% boys, 86.5% Caucasian), aged 8 to 15 years (<i>M</i> = 10.10, <i>SD</i> = 1.88), referred to an outpatient child diagnostic clinic focused on externalizing problems. Analyses examined whether CU traits moderated the relationship between inhibitory control and CD or ODD symptoms while controlling for ADHD symptoms and child demographics. The results indicated that the strength of the relationship between inhibitory control and CD and ODD symptoms varies as a function of CU traits. Specifically, CD was linked to a more cautious decision-making style when elevated CU traits were present, whereas ODD was associated with more efficient decision making. These findings suggest distinct neurocognitive profiles based on CU traits, which vary between CD and ODD. Clinically, this underscores the importance of tailoring interventions for CD-CU and ODD-CU, focusing on decision making processes rather than merely addressing impulsivity. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the interaction between neurocognitive processes and disruptive behavior, with significant implications for both theoretical models and treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should methylphenidate be included in the WHO model lists of essential medicines?","authors":"Johanne Pereira Ribeiro,Christian Gluud,Maja Rosenberg Overby Storm,Ole Jakob Storebø","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02565-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02565-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mentalization-based interventions in schools for enhancing socio-emotional competencies and positive behaviour: a systematic review","authors":"Gali Chelouche-Dwek, Peter Fonagy","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02578-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02578-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mentalization-based interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly applied in school settings to support the social-emotional development and mental health of children and adolescents. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of MBIs implemented in educational contexts for students aged 6–18 years. A comprehensive search was conducted in PsychInfo, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ERIC databases from inception to October 2023. The search strategy combined terms related to mentalization, school-based interventions, and the target age group. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022302757). Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed publications in English, studies published between 1980 and 2023, interventions based on mentalization principles, and a primary focus on children aged 6 to 18 years. Exclusion criteria involved non-mentalization based interventions and research outside the 6–18 age range. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tools from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data were synthesized narratively due to the heterogeneity of study designs and outcomes. Of the 5,250 articles screened, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising over 7,500 participants. The reviewed interventions targeted various aspects of mentalizing, such as emotion-understanding, empathy, perspective-taking, and Theory of Mind. Significant improvements were found in social-cognitive abilities, emotion regulation, and mental health outcomes, including reductions in disruptive behaviours. Interventions that combined mentalizing training for both students and teachers showed promising results. However, the long-term sustainability of these benefits remains unclear. Limitations of the reviewed studies include the lack of control groups, small sample sizes, and variations in outcome measures. The findings highlight the potential of MBIs as a promising approach to fostering socio-emotional competence, positive behaviour, and well-being in school-aged children. Future research should aim to establish the active components and optimal delivery of these interventions through well-designed randomized controlled trials with larger, more diverse samples and extended follow-up periods. The integration of MBIs within educational systems holds promise for promoting resilience and positive mental health outcomes in young people. Embedding MBIs within school curriculums and evaluating cost-effectiveness are important next steps to guide widespread implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social isolation and poor mental health in young people: testing genetic and environmental influences in a longitudinal cohort study","authors":"Katherine N. Thompson, Olakunle Oginni, Jasmin Wertz, Andrea Danese, Malaika Okundi, Louise Arseneault, Timothy Matthews","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02573-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02573-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We assessed genetic and environmental influences on social isolation across childhood and the overlap between social isolation and mental health symptoms including depression symptoms, conduct problems, and psychotic-like experiences from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants included 2,232 children from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Social isolation was measured at ages 5, 7, 10, 12, and 18. A Cholesky decomposition was specified to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on social isolation across ages 5, 7, 10, and 12. An independent pathway model was used to assess additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) influences on the overlap between social isolation and mental health problems from age 12 to 18. Genetic and non-shared environmental influences accounted for half of the variance in childhood social isolation. Genetic influences contributed to the continuity of social isolation across childhood, while non-shared environmental influences were age-specific. The longitudinal overlap between social isolation and mental health symptoms was largely explained by genetic influences for depression symptoms (<i>r =</i> 0.15–0.24: 82–84% A, 11–12% C, and 5–6% E) and psychotic-like experiences (<i>r =</i> 0.13–0.15: 81–91% A, 0–8% C, and 9–11% E) but not conduct problems (<i>r =</i> 0.13–0.16; 0–42% A, 42–81% C, 16–24% E). Our findings emphasise that rather than a risk factor or an outcome, social isolation is aetiologically intertwined with the experience of poor mental health. An integrative assessment of social isolation could be a helpful indicator of underlying mental health symptoms in young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of thiamine deficiency in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.","authors":"Michael O'Brien, Rachael Quirke, Roisin Gowan, Fiona McNicholas","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02576-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02576-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiamine is an essential vitamin that plays a crucial role in many biochemical processes in the body. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is one potential cause of a state of deficiency which can result in grave medical sequelae. There is limited available evidence of the prevalence of thiamine deficiency in patients who suffer from AN. The current study aimed to systematically review all available evidence on the prevalence of thiamine deficiency in cohorts with AN. Studies were included where thiamine status in a group of participants with AN was measured, either through self-reporting or objective measurement. Eight databases (Scopus, CINAHL complete, Medline complete, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, PROSPERO, COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched. PRISMA guidelines were followed. The study was registered on PROSPERO. A minimum of two researchers conducted each part of the review. The search identified 42 articles whose full texts were screened for eligibility, with 17 retained for qualitative synthesis. The prevalence rates of thiamine deficiency in AN varied from 5.9% to 100% when based on self-report dietary intake. When objective measurements were taken, rates ranged from 0% to 56.7%. The review suggested that age, body mass index (BMI), duration of illness and subtype of AN were not associated with thiamine status. The limited available evidence suggested that the use of supplements, prior treatment and higher energy intakes were associated with a reduced risk of developing a thiamine deficiency among individuals with AN. Poor study methodology including small sample size, inconsistent deficiency definition and study heterogeneity limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Ultimately, there is insufficient strength of evidence to draw definitive clinical recommendations. This review highlights the need for further studies with more robust methodology to help further inform clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vortioxetine in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: 6-month and 18-month open-label, flexible-dose, long-term extension studies.","authors":"Melissa P DelBello, Robert L Findling, Michael Huss, Oscar Necking, Maria L Petersen, Simon N Schmidt, Monika Rosen","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02560-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02560-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children and adolescents with severe or relapsing major depressive disorder (MDD) may require long-term antidepressant use, but safety and tolerability data on long-term treatment are limited. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in children and another in adolescents, vortioxetine and placebo groups showed improvement in MDD symptoms without statistically significant differences between groups. To gain insights on long-term safety and tolerability of vortioxetine in pediatric patients, participants from these two studies were enrolled in two long-term extension studies: 6 months (NCT02871297) followed by another 18 months (NCT03108625). Key safety measures included adverse events (AEs) and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS); effectiveness measures included depression symptom severity, cognitive function, and overall functioning. Among the 662 patients in the 6-month extension, 61% experienced a treatment-emergent AE (TEAE), with the most common being nausea (20.8%); 2.1% had a serious AE (SAE), and 6% withdrew because of TEAEs. In the following 18-month extension (n = 94), 51% of patients experienced a TEAE, with the most common being headache (13.8%); no SAEs were reported. Based on the C-SSRS, 94% and 96% of patients reported no suicidal ideation or behavior in the 6- and 18-month studies, respectively. During the extension studies, patients continued to show improvement in depressive symptoms and cognitive and overall functioning, with > 50% of patients in remission at the end of each study, regardless of study treatment in the lead-in trial. Overall, vortioxetine remained well tolerated in pediatric patients with MDD who continued in the long-term extension studies with no observed increased risk in suicidal ideation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periaqueductal gray subregions connectivity and its association with micturition desire-awakening function.","authors":"Shaogen Zhong, Xindi Lin, Mengxing Wang, Yi Mao, Jiayao Shen, Xiaoxia Du, Lichi Zhang, Jun Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02574-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02574-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing literature strongly supports the idea that children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) have brainstem abnormalities. However, the connection between pre-micturition arousal responses and brain functional connectivities is still not clearly defined. Our study investigated the correlation between the gradations of micturition desire-awakening (MDA) functionality and the functional connectivity of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), a pivotal brainstem hub implicated in the neural regulation of micturition in humans. Neuroimaging and behavioral data from 133 patients with PNE and 40 healthy children were acquired from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and precise clinical observations, respectively. The whole-brain correlation analyses were undertaken to elucidate the complex connectivity patterns between the subregions of PAG and the cerebral cortex, with a focus on their correlation to the spectrum of MDA functionality. A positive correlation was identified between MDA dysfunction and the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the left ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and the right temporal pole of the superior temporal gyrus. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed between MDA dysfunction and the RSFC of the right vlPAG with the right superior parietal lobule. Additionally, MDA dysfunction exhibited a negative association with the RSFC between the dorsomedial PAG (dmPAG) and the right inferior parietal lobule. These findings may indicate that the specific signal from a distended bladder is blocked in the PAG and its functional connectivity with the executive function, attention, and default mode networks, ultimately leading to impaired arousal and bladder control. This revelation underscores potential neural targets for future therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD and cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms related to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in early adolescents.","authors":"Keely E Thornton, Kelsey K Wiggs, Jeffery N Epstein, Leanne Tamm, Stephen P Becker","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02556-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02556-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions and cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms in relation to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in an early adolescent sample. Participants were 341 adolescents ages 10-12 years (52.2% female; 37.8% people of color) recruited from the community. Caregivers reported on CDS and ADHD symptoms. Adolescents completed a rating scale and were administered an interview assessing SITBs. We estimated associations using logistic regression in a stepped fashion: (1) no adjustment, (2) adjustment for sex, race, family income, and psychotropic medication use, and (3) further adjustment for depressive symptoms. In this early adolescent community sample, 22.9% reported a history of suicidal ideation, 8.2% reported a history of a suicide plan, 6.2% reported a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and 16.4% met a clinical cutoff for current suicide risk. Across most analyses using rating scale or interview methods, higher mean CDS scores were related to endorsement of suicidal ideation and planning. ADHD inattentive (IN) and hyperactive-impulsive (HI) symptoms were associated with endorsement of NSSI, and ADHD-IN symptoms were associated with thoughts of suicide and/or plan measured via questionnaire, though effects were less robust and not significant, potentially due to low base rates impacting statistical power. This study adds to a growing body of research highlighting the importance of screening for CDS symptoms among individuals with and without ADHD. More research, especially longitudinal work, is needed that examines possible differential pathways to SITBs by ADHD and CDS symptoms to advance SITB prevention, early detection, and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of universal, school based, interventions on help seeking in children and young people: a systematic literature review.","authors":"Daniel Hayes, Rosie Mansfield, Carla Mason, Joao Santos, Anna Moore, Jan Boehnke, Emma Ashworth, Bettina Moltrecht, Neil Humphrey, Paul Stallard, Praveetha Patalay, Jessica Deighton","doi":"10.1007/s00787-022-02135-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00787-022-02135-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reviews into universal interventions to improve help seeking in young people focus on specific concepts, such as behaviour, do not differentiate between interpersonal and intrapersonal help seeking, and often report on statistical significance, rather than effect size. The aim of this review was to address the gaps highlighted above, to investigate the impact of universal, school-based interventions on help-seeking in children and young people, as well as to explore longer term impact. Four databases were searched. Data were extracted on country of origin, design, participant, school, and intervention characteristics, the help-seeking concept measured (e.g. knowledge, attitude/intention, behaviour), the duration between baseline and each follow-up (if applicable) and effect sizes at each follow-up. Quality assessment of the studies was undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. Overall, 14 different interventions met inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were rated low in the quality assessment. Three constructs were most frequently reported a) intrapersonal attitudes towards help-seeking, b) interpersonal attitudes towards help-seeking and c) intrapersonal intended help-seeking. Findings around intervention effect were mixed. There was tentative evidence that interventions impacting interpersonal attitudes produced small effect sizes when measured between 3 and 6 months post intervention and that when effect sizes were initially observed intrapersonal attitudes, this remained at 3-6 month follow-up. Further work should pay attention to implementation factors, understanding the core ingredients needed to deliver effective interventions and whether embedding mental health education could help sustain or top up effect sizes from help-seeking interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"2911-2928"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9837763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9104877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}