{"title":"Response to the comment on: \"Maternal nut and fish consumption during pregnancy and child risky decision-making at 11 years old\".","authors":"Jordi Julvez","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02876-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02876-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introducing the AI addiction scale (AIAS-21): a screening tool for problematic AI use.","authors":"Igor V Pantic","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02874-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02874-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association between maternal thyroid dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Han-Ping Wu, Vincent Chin-Hung Chen, Yi-Lung Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02871-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02871-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both common neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but their association between maternal thyroid dysfunction and NDDs in offspring remains equivocal. This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal thyroid dysfunction, related medications, and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. This population-based retrospective birth cohort study included children born between 2004 and 2020, with surveillance continuing through 2021. Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy was identified by any outpatient or inpatient diagnosis of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Medications for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy, including propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI), as well as levothyroxine for hypothyroidism, were also examined. Associations between maternal thyroid dysfunction with medication use and child NDDs were modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression. The study cohort consisted of 3,175,328 live-born children. Among them, 39,294 (1.2%) were born to mothers with hyperthyroidism, and 14,630 (0.5%) had mothers with hypothyroidism. A higher risk of ADHD was noted in children whose mothers had thyroid dysfunction, whether they had hyperthyroidism (adjusted HR, 1.19; 95% CI,1.14-1.24) or hypothyroidism (adjusted HR,1.28; 95% CI,1.19-1.37), and a similarly increased risk of ASD was observed in association with maternal hyperthyroidism (adjusted HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.27) or hypothyroidism (adjusted HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.51). For medications in treating hyperthyroidism during pregnancy, continuous propylthiouracil (PTU) use was associated with a lower risk of ADHD (adjusted HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) or ASD (adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.96). This study identified the association between maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and offspring ADHD. Moreover, we observed that continuous use of PTU for treating maternal hyperthyroidism during pregnancy may be associated with a reduced risk of childhood ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of duration and timing of household dysfunction with aggression: A Taiwan birth cohort study.","authors":"Ling-Yin Chang, Wen-Chi Wu, Wan-Lin Chiang, Tung-Liang Chiang","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02870-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02870-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While household dysfunction (HD) is associated with negative health outcomes, it remains unclear whether the duration or timing of exposure contribute to aggression. The underlying mechanisms in the HD-aggression relationship are also understudied. This study examined the effects of HD duration and timing on aggression while investigating potential mediating role of depressive symptoms. Sex differences were also explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from 7,800 participants in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (52.32% male, 47.68% female) followed to ages 17 or 18 years. HD were coded at five life stages: infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, late childhood, and early adolescence. A structured life course modeling approach was used to assess whether the accumulation of HD (duration), or the timing of exposure, including exposure during sensitive periods and more recent periods, exhibited the strongest association with aggression at age 17 or 18. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of depressive symptoms in the pathway from HD to aggression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among males, both HD accumulation (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.004-0.07) and middle childhood HD (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01-0.07) were associated with increased adolescent aggression at age 17/18. Depressive symptoms at age 12 mediated the effects of both cumulative HD and middle childhood HD on aggression at ages 17/18, accounting for an estimated 33% and 20% of the total effects, respectively. No significant association between HD and aggression was observed among females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interventions should address HD early and sustain support throughout adolescence, while also targeting depressive symptoms, to effectively reduce aggression, particularly among males.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Björn Axel Johansson, Karin Wilbe Ramsay, Agneta Pettersson, Johan Bjureberg
{"title":"Effects of interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Björn Axel Johansson, Karin Wilbe Ramsay, Agneta Pettersson, Johan Bjureberg","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02859-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02859-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-harm, including nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts, is common among youth, associated with elevated psychopathology, suicide risk, and increased demand for clinical services. Despite advances in understanding and treatment, few interventions have demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which are considered the gold standard for evaluating treatment effects by randomly assigning participants to intervention or control groups. Building on prior meta-analyses, this study conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs to evaluate the efficacy of interventions in adolescents across three outcomes: self-harm regardless of suicidal intent, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury. Systematic searches in PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline identified RCTs evaluating interventions for self-harm in youth under 18 years who engaged in self-harm at least once in the past six months. Studies were included if 80% met these criteria. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects modeling, primarily to account for heterogeneity across studies, as this approach accommodates variation in effect sizes that may arise from differences in for example study populations, and interventions. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Of 6497 screened records, 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that across three studies, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) reduced the number of adolescents engaging in self-harm behaviors (risk difference [RD]=-0.12, 95% confidence interval: - 0.22 to - 0.02), with moderate certainty. Meta-analysis of two studies found Internet-delivered Emotion Regulation Individual Therapy for Adolescents (IERITA) reduced both the episodes (mean difference =-4.65, - 8.04 to - 1.25) and occurrence of nonsuicidal self-injury at treatment end (RD=-0.20, - 0.34 to - 0.07), with low certainty of evidence. DBT-A appears effective in preventing repeated self-harm, supported by findings across multiple research groups. The less resource-intensive therapy IERITA may be beneficial for adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury. Larger sample sizes and consensus on definitions and measurement approaches will benefit future research and clinical practice.Prospero registration: ID CRD42023480178.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of extended reality interventions on core deficits and functional performance among individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yang-Hsiu Sun, Sung-Hui Tseng, Wen-Hsuan Hou, Hung-Chou Chen, Che-Wei Lin, Yuan-Hung Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02860-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02860-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, extended reality technologies have been increasingly utilized in therapeutic and educational interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of extended reality interventions in addressing core deficits and enhancing functional performance among individuals with ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across six databases-namely, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and ERIC-from their inception to August 29, 2024, with no language restrictions. Studies were included if they (1) examined participants diagnosed with ASD; (2) employed an intervention utilizing virtual reality, augmented reality, or mixed reality; (3) used outcome measures related to social functioning, behavior, emotion, cognition, and anxiety; and (4) were published in a peer-review journal. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed as the primary effect size indicator, while heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Additionally, the quality of the included studies was systematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled and 20 non-randomized trials was conducted using a random-effects model. The extended reality intervention resulted in significant improvements in social skills (SMD: 0.59, p = 0.04), behavior (SMD: 0.61, p = 0.004), emotion recognition ability (SMD: 0.86, p = 0.0005), and cognitive ability (SMD: 0.92, p < 0.00001) among individuals with ASD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study's findings substantiate the effectiveness of extended reality interventions for addressing core deficits and enhancing functional performance among individuals with ASD. Therefore, the utilization of extended reality in therapeutic and educational interventions for individuals with ASD is both feasible and promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk factors for developmental delays in small for gestational age children at age of 24-36 months.","authors":"Yimin Zhang, Shuming Shao, Jiong Qin, Jie Liu, Guoli Liu, Zheng Liu, Xiaorui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02855-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02855-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term neurodevelopmental/socioemotional risks in small for gestational age (SGA) children lack robust evidence, especially maternal/neonatal predictors. The study aims to identify independent maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with atypical neurodevelopmental and socioemotional outcomes in SGA children. This longitudinal cohort study included 412 singleton SGA infants born at Peking University People's Hospital in Beijing from January 2020 to December 2022. Participants underwent 24-36 months follow-up median 30 months, with neurodevelopmental and socioemotional outcomes evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ: SE). These assessments categorized SGA children into normal/atypical development groups for both domains. Through assessment, there were 292 cases (70.9%) of development on track SGA children. The atypical neurodevelopment group included 92 cases (22.3%), among which 38 cases (9.2%) exhibited atypical development in one domain and 54 cases (13.1%) in ≥ 2 domains. The atypical socioemotional development group included 48 cases (11.7%). Additionally, 20 cases (4.9%) of SGA children exhibited both atypical neurodevelopment and atypical socioemotional development. Multivariable regression analysis showed that maternal pre-pregnancy underweight (OR = 6.93, 95% CI = 2.76-17.41), maternal inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) (OR = 4.63, 95% CI = 2.15-9.99), maternal excessive GWG (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.14-5.55), preterm infant (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03-1.55), severe SGA (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.47-5.90) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome Peking University People's Hospital (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06-1.57) were independently related to the occurrence of atypical neurodevelopment outcomes in SGA children; maternal pre-pregnancy underweight (OR = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.11-7.27), maternal inadequate GWG (OR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.32-8.84), preterm infant (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.09-7.17) and male (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.05-4.75) were independently related to the occurrence of atypical socioemotional development in SGA children. Monitoring and promoting of maternal appropriate weight gain or the maternal health would improve outcome of SGA infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Júlia de Souza Rodrigues, Maria Pastor-Valero, Jessica Mayumi Maruyama, Tiago N Munhoz, Iná S Santos, Aluísio J D Barros, Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues, Alicia Matijasevich
{"title":"Examining pathways between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, harsh parenting, and adolescent executive functions: insights from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort.","authors":"Júlia de Souza Rodrigues, Maria Pastor-Valero, Jessica Mayumi Maruyama, Tiago N Munhoz, Iná S Santos, Aluísio J D Barros, Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues, Alicia Matijasevich","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02844-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02844-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous exposure to maternal depressive symptoms throughout childhood has been consistently linked to poorer executive functions in offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain understudied, particularly with respect to long-term effects in adolescence. This study aimed to test whether harsh parenting mediates the effect of maternal depressive trajectories on executive functions. Data were drawn from 1,949 participants of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale from 3 months to 11 years. Harsh parenting was measured using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale at 11 years. Executive functions were evaluated at 15 years using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery. Path analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. 75% of the mothers belonged to the \"moderate-low\" or \"low\" depressive symptom trajectories, while 10.8% were in the \"decreasing\", 9.0% in the \"increasing\", and 5.2% in the \"chronic-high\" trajectories. Mothers with severe and persistent depressive symptoms displayed more harsh parenting behaviors (β(SE) = 0.218(0.030), 95%CI [0.160, 0.277]), which, in turn, were linked to poorer adolescents' sustained attention (β(SE)=-0.093(0.022), 95%CI [-0.137, -0.049]). Adolescents whose mothers belonged to either the high-chronic or decreasing trajectories exhibited poorer sustained attention and episodic memory through harsh parenting, suggesting that early exposure to maternal depressive symptoms may have lasting consequences on cognitive development. Maternal depressive symptoms impact adolescents' executive functions through harsh parenting. Interventions addressing maternal mental health and parenting, especially in early childhood, may foster healthier cognitive development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}