European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The interplay between ADHD and school shift on educational outcomes in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.","authors":"Ighor Miron Porto, João Villanova do Amaral, João Pedro Gonçalves Pacheco, Igor Terra, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Pedro Mario Pan, Ary Gadelha, Luis Augusto Rohde, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Maurício Scopel Hoffmann","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02758-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02758-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many countries implement double-shift schooling systems, offering morning or afternoon shifts. Given attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with circadian preference for eveningness, this study hypothesised that young people with ADHD would have worse educational performance than those without ADHD, particularly when attending school in the morning shift. Data were drawn from a Brazilian school-based cohort (n = 2,240, 6-14 years old, 45.6% female; 50.2% in the morning shift; 11.2% with ADHD). ADHD was determined by child psychiatrists using semi-structured interview. Educational outcomes were measured cross-sectionally and three years later (80% retention), including standardised performance test of reading and writing (primary outcome), and parent-reported performance in school subjects and negative school events (repetition, suspension, or dropout). Regression models, adjusted for demographic and cognitive factors, tested the hypotheses, with sensitivity analyses using continuous ADHD symptom measures. Attrition was addressed with inverse probability weighting. ADHD and morning shift were associated with lower reading and writing ability and with higher odds for negative school events cross-sectionally. ADHD predicted lower performance in school subjects and higher negative school events longitudinally. Contrary to our hypothesis, interaction was observed only cross-sectionally, indicating that ADHD symptoms were positively associated with the primary outcomes only in the afternoon shift. Morning shift performance remained consistently low regardless of ADHD symptom levels. These findings suggest that while studying in the afternoon shift benefits children with lower attentional problems, the morning shift does not exacerbate educational difficulties for those with ADHD or higher ADHD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline correlates of functional impairment at 12 months in young people with borderline personality disorder: findings from the MOBY trial.","authors":"Andrew M Chanen, Holly E Andrewes, Katie Nicol, Henry J Jackson, Sue M Cotton, John Gleeson, Christopher G Davey, Louise McCutcheon, Sharnel Perera, Victoria Rayner, Jennifer K Betts","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02742-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02742-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No studies have investigated baseline predictors of functioning among young people receiving treatment for BPD. The current study aimed to identify the baseline demographic, psychopathological and treatment correlates of interpersonal problems and social adjustment at 12-month follow-up among young people with BPD, who received early intervention in the Monitoring Outcomes of BPD in Youth (MOBY) randomised controlled trial. Of 139 randomised young people (aged 15 to 25 years) who completed interview and self-report measures at baseline (pre-treatment), 98 (M_age = 18.7, SD = 2.7) provided data on the same measures at 12 months (primary endpoint). Adjusting for other demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that fewer interpersonal problems at 12 months were predicted by fewer interpersonal problems (β = 0.41, p = 0.02), fewer co-occurring personality disorder diagnoses (β = -0.31, p = 0.04), and lower BPD severity (β = -0.31, p = 0.04) at baseline (F² = 0.52). Higher social adjustment score at 12 months was predicted by having at least one caregiver engaged in employment at baseline (β = -0.25, p = 0.04, F² = 0.41). These findings suggest that young people presenting with lower severity of BPD, fewer interpersonal problems at baseline, and at least one caregiver in employment are more likely to have better functional outcomes following early intervention. Suicide attempts (SA) and self-harm (SH) were not found to be predictors of functional outcome, suggesting that early intervention programs reconsider the disproportionate influence of SA and SH upon decisions about entry or exclusion into treatment programs or clinical trials. Future research should focus upon individual or household indicators of social disadvantage as moderators of outcome in early intervention for BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength-based capacity-building interventions to promote adolescents' mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Cong Fu, Wai Tong Chien, Yu Zhang, Kam Ki Lam","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02741-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02741-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strength-based capacity-building interventions have the potential to enhance an individual's capacity to improve their mental health. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of these interventions on mental health literacy, resilience, self-efficacy, and positive thinking in adolescents without pre-existing mental/psychiatric diagnoses/conditions. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI were searched from inception to June 2024. Two reviewers independently conducted the study screening, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. Leave-one-out sensitivity and subgroup analyses were used to reduce the heterogeneity of the studies and their findings. Forty-seven interventional studies were included, with approaches mainly consisting of psychoeducation, individual skill training (e.g., emotional regulation, mindfulness), and supportive peer feedback. Capacity-building interventions (in 27 studies) improved the levels of mental health literacy (SMD = 1.70, 95% CI[0.57, 2.84], I² = 97%, n = 4) and resilience (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI[0.26, 0.76], I² = 89%, n = 16) in the short-term (< 1 month) and resilience in the long-term (> 6 months; SMD = 0.29, 95% CI[0.03, 0.55], I² = 39%, n = 3) post-intervention. While there were limited studies evaluated on positive thinking and self-efficacy and thus unable to perform meta-analysis on these outcomes, the medium-term effects on resilience show no statistical significance (1-6 months; n = 4). However, the effects on depression and anxiety were nonsignificant. Combined approaches to capacity-building interventions that incorporate two or more theoretical frameworks/models within one intervention could enhance adolescents' resilience (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI[0.13, 0.35], I² = 22%, n = 3). Combining positive psychology with other mental health approaches in interventions might boost adolescents' resilience in short-term but there were limited studies and thus insufficient evidence to evaluate the medium- and long-term effectiveness of these combined approaches. Further rigorous large-scale randomized controlled trials are recommended to provide stronger evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate differences in referrals and diagnostic outcomes of neurodevelopmental disorders between children with native and migrant backgrounds: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Emilia Gudmundsdottir, Helen M Frigge, Evald Saemundsen, Kolbrun B Jensinudottir, Urdur Njardvik","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02744-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02744-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children of migrants have been reported to have increased likelihood of various neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but little is known about differences in referral patterns for diagnostic assessment. This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine differences in referral rates and subsequent diagnostic outcomes between children with native (Icelandic parents) and migrant (at least one parent foreign-born) backgrounds in Iceland in five referral-year cohorts (2014-2018) using a nationwide database. Among 1,367 new referrals, children with migrant backgrounds (31.6%) were consistently referred at a significantly higher rate for assessment due to suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), or motor disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP), particularly children who were under 6 years old, male and second-generation immigrants (born in Iceland to two foreign-born parents). At follow-up, diagnostic outcomes most consistently differed for speech and language disorders (SLD), with significantly higher rates among children with migrant backgrounds across all cohorts. They also had significantly elevated rates of ASD diagnosis in three of the five cohorts, but no difference was found when co-occurring ID and SLD were excluded. Rates of ID (significantly elevated in one cohort) and CP (no difference in any cohort) were similar to those of children with native backgrounds. While it is positive that children with NDDs are not being overlooked due to their migrant backgrounds, the elevated rates of suspected NDDs in this population suggests a need for improved primary-level support with the aim of enhancing their well-being while reducing the demand for specialized diagnostic assessment and long-term support.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of sleep disturbance trajectories on psychotic-like experiences among adolescents: the mediating role of depressive symptoms.","authors":"Dongfang Wang, Bingna Xu, Brendan Ross, Yang Qiu, Zijuan Ma, Yunge Fan, Fang Fan","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02753-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02753-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous work supported the opinion that sleep disturbance may cause adolescent PLEs. This study intended to evaluate the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between change in sleep disturbance and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among adolescents. A total of 7529 adolescents completed three web-based surveys. Surveys were administered from April 21 to May 12, 2021 (Time 1, T1), again 6 months later from December 17 to 26, 2021 (Time 2, T2), and one year later from May 17 to June 5, 2022 (Time 3, T3). A series of self-assessment scales were used to measure sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, PLEs, and other relevant variables. Mediation analysis was utilized to examine the association between sleep disturbance trajectories, depressive symptoms, and PLEs. Five trajectories of sleep disturbance were identified: no/low (72.2%), remission (8.8%), relapsing/remitting (7.4%), new-onset (8.9%), and persistent (2.7%) trajectories. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the effects of sleep disturbance trajectories (relative to the no/low trajectory) on PLEs (95% CIs: 0.20-0.30, 0.42-0.53, and 0.41-0.58 for relapsing/remitting, new-onset, and persistent trajectories, respectively). This study reveals that the association between sleep disturbance trajectories and PLEs was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. To prevent the onset of PLEs, early screening and interventions targeting sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms are quite essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral sleep hygiene intervention for adolescents with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Lena Keuppens, Finja Marten, Dieter Baeyens, Bianca Boyer, Annelore Roose, Stephen Becker, Marina Danckaerts, Saskia Van der Oord","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02755-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02755-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sleep problems are frequent and impairing in adolescents with ADHD. This randomized controlled trial investigates the effectiveness of a newly developed CBT sleep hygiene intervention for adolescents with ADHD - SIESTA.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Adolescents with ADHD and sleep problems (N = 92, M_age = 14.36, SD = 1.43, 47% males) were randomized to receive SIESTA next to treatment as usual targeting ADHD (SIESTA+TAU) or TAU only. Adolescent and parent ratings, actigraphy and sleep diaries, were collected at pre-, post-, and at 4 month follow-up test. A linear mixed effects model was used with an intent-to-treat approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated significant improvement in SIESTA+TAU compared to TAU from pre- to post-test on sleep hygiene (effect size =.21), chronic sleep reduction (effect size =.15), and sleep-wake problem behaviors (effect size =.05). Actigraphy and sleep diaries showed no significant differences, with both groups improving on sleep diaries. The improvements in sleep hygiene were maintained at follow-up (effect size =.09). Of secondary outcomes, depressive symptoms reduced significantly more from pre- to post-test in SIESTA+TAU than in TAU only (effect size =.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that SIESTA is effective at improving sleep hygiene, perceived sleep problems, and depressive symptoms in adolescents with ADHD. However, to maintain long-term effects, booster sessions may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental differences in threat learning are associated with changes in frontal-central theta activity.","authors":"Gil Shner-Livne, Nadav Barak, Ido Shitrit, Rany Abend, Tomer Shechner","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02745-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02745-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major theories link variations in threat learning to the emergence of anxiety symptoms, especially during adolescence. Despite significant neural maturation of threat learning circuitry during this developmental stage, research on adolescence-specific neural responses during threat learning is limited. This study was the first to examine threat learning mechanisms through neural frequency activity among youth, focusing on activity in the theta (4-7 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency bands. Sixty-three adolescents and 65 adults completed a two-day threat acquisition and extinction procedure, while brain activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). Analyses focused on developmental differences in high temporal resolution changes in frequency activity, distinguishing between induced and evoked EEG signals. Developmental differences were mainly observed in frontal-central theta activity. During acquisition, adolescents showed higher induced theta activity to both threat and safety cues than adults. During extinction, adults showed decreased evoked theta activity to the conditioned stimulus, indicating effective inhibition of threat representations; in contrast, adolescents exhibited persistent threat contingencies throughout extinction. Both groups showed consistent alpha suppression towards the threat cue, suggesting sustained vigilance even during late extinction. Frontal-central theta activity is a valuable marker for capturing differences between adolescents and adults in threat learning. These findings add to mechanistic research efforts aiming to uncover factors contributing to anxiety vulnerability during adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preschool and preadolescent antecedents of externalizing problems: a machine learning approach.","authors":"Yaqi Yang, Yiji Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02754-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02754-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study used a data-driven approach to elucidate the relative importance of child, maternal, and mother-child dyadic characteristics in predicting externalizing problems across two critical stages, preschool and preadolescence, that mark the development of externalizing problems. Data (N = 1,364) were collected through maternal reports and observations during preschool and preadolescence. Using the random forest algorithm in machine learning, the results showed that the predictive models differed between preschool and preadolescence. For preschool antecedents of externalizing problems, maternal characteristics, such as depressive symptoms, education, and sensitivity, emerged as the most highly ranked predictors, followed by mother-child dyadic characteristics. Moreover, for preadolescent antecedents of externalizing problems, mother-child dyadic characteristics, including conflict and positive relationship, were identified as the top predictors, with maternal characteristics playing a secondary role. While child characteristics were relatively less influential across both age groups, child negative reactivity emerged as a salient predictor during preadolescence. The findings contribute data-driven evidence to elucidate the relative importance of preschool and preadolescent antecedents of externalizing problems, with maternal characteristics playing a central role in early childhood and mother-child dynamics becoming most important during preadolescence. Interventions targeting externalizing problems should be developmentally sensitive, with preschool programs emphasizing maternal well-being and early relational foundations, while preadolescent programs prioritize strengthening the mother-child relationships and addressing dyadic challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-and gender-specific aspects in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - a blind spot requiring our attention.","authors":"Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Michelle Kelly-Irving","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02749-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-025-02749-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related differences in psychopathology within sex chromosome trisomies.","authors":"Melissa R Roybal, Siyuan Liu, Isabella G Larsen, Anastasia Wass, Lukas Schaffer, Tiffany Ajumobi, Ethan T Whitman, Allysa Warling, Liv Clasen, Jonathan Blumenthal, Srishti Rau, Armin Raznahan","doi":"10.1007/s00787-025-02743-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00787-025-02743-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) are a group of genetic disorders characterized by presence of a supernumerary sex chromosome, resulting in karyotypes other than XX or XY. These include XXX (Trisomy X), XXY (Klinefelter syndrome), and XYY (Jacobs syndrome). SCTs have been linked to increased risk for psychopathology; however, this relationship warrants additional research. Specifically, little is known regarding potential age-related variation in risk for psychopathology and how this may differ across karyotypes and subdomains of psychopathology. This has important implications for psychoeducation (e.g., informing carriers of the likelihood for varying manifestations with age), personalized care, and research into the mechanisms of pathophysiology. Thus, we used the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to estimate age-related variation in psychopathology in a large cross-sectional sample of SCT carriers (n = 201) and euploidic controls (n = 304) spanning the age range of 5-18 years. We found that elevations of psychopathology in carriers were significantly associated with age in a manner that varied as a combined function of the karyotype and CBCL scale being considered. Post hoc tests revealed there is a uniquely pronounced age-associated increase in severity of social problems in the XYY karyotype, alongside a lack of statistical evidence for age-related variation in the severity of psychopathology for other CBCL domains and SCT karyotypes. Our findings are relevant for advancing the personalization of clinical assessment and monitoring in SCT carriers. They also highlight potential windows of dynamic risk emergence for closer clinical and biological study, as well as opportunities to provide intervention to mitigate future risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}