Epilepsy & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"The landscape of uncertainty: living, healing and dying with epilepsy. Anthropological reflections","authors":"Lia Giancristofaro","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To live with epilepsy is to inhabit a space of perpetual uncertainty—between seizures, between wellness and risk, between life and the threat of sudden death. This editorial reflects on two recent contributions to Epilepsy &amp; Behaviour addressing SUDEP risk communication and the redefinition of healing in epilepsy. Drawing on anthropological and phenomenological perspectives, the article explores how epilepsy disrupts categories of time, agency, and identity, and how biomedical approaches often fail to grasp the moral and relational dimensions of such disruption. Concepts such as the “burden of normality,” liminality, and narrative healing are revisited, highlighting the inadequacy of a strictly pathological model of care. The editorial calls for a more symbolically aware and dialogical medical practice—one that acknowledges ambiguity, witnesses suffering, and remains present even in the absence of certainty. In doing so, it argues that true healing is not the eradication of risk, but the creation of a life that is liveable in spite of it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I don’t know enough about epilepsy”: experiences and perspectives of sport and fitness professionals on training adults with epilepsy","authors":"Sarah S. Collard,&nbsp;Doug Hardman","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exercising with a physical disability has seen a surge in research, particularly focused on the education of coaches. However, epilepsy is notably absent from this recent advancement, despite its high prevalence. In response to this omission, we aimed to investigate what those working in the fitness industry know about the condition, previous experience they have had in training people with epilepsy, and what would they want to know more about to confidently train people with epilepsy in the future. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 participants (coaches, personal trainers, and fitness instructors) to explore their experiences and perspectives of training adults with epilepsy. Using reflexive thematic analysis, our results foreground, on the one hand, a common lack of knowledge, nervousness and fear; yet, on the other, the desire to learn how to be more inclusive. One new barrier found for training people with epilepsy was the costly nature of specialist insurance. In light of these findings, further research to develop more inclusive methods of education, promoting the benefits of exercise for people with epilepsy, are needed within the sport and fitness profession.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptance and perceptions on the 2025 update of the ILAE classification of epileptic seizures: A survey of neurologists and neurology residents","authors":"Alvaro Sanchez-Larsen ,&nbsp;Antía Moreira Villanueva ,&nbsp;Luísa Panadés-de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Blanca Mercedes-Alvarez ,&nbsp;Laura Esther Torres-Lopez ,&nbsp;David Sopelana-Garay ,&nbsp;Abel Alejandro Sanabria-Sanchinel","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has recently updated the classification of epileptic seizures. This study aims to explore the perspectives of a broad group of neurologists and neurology residents regarding the new classification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A structured, anonymous online survey was distributed among adult general neurologists, epileptologists, and neurology residents across 10 Spanish-speaking countries. A 23-item questionnaire covered demographic data and opinions on the ILAE seizure classifications. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 124 participants completed the survey. While 56.5 % supported updating the 2017 classification, 53.3 % felt the revision came too soon. The 2017 version remained the preferred seizure classification (48.8 %), followed by the 2025 update (30.1 %) and earlier versions. Although 44.7 % of respondents expressed a favourable opinion of the 2025 classification, most participants feel it does not address the limitations of the previous version. Epileptologists were significantly more favourable toward the update (61.9 %) and rated it higher. Neurology residents were the most critical subgroup. Nearly half (49.6 %) of participants expect to adopt the new classification in their clinical practice, while 26.0 % are undecided, and 24.4 % believe they will not.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The 2025 ILAE seizure classification received mixed feedback from a considerable group of neurologists and neurology residents. While epileptologists were more receptive, many non-epileptologist neurologists and residents questioned its timing and practical benefit. The 2017 version remains the most accepted version of all ILAE classifications. Nevertheless, the new classification is expected to be widely adopted in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression in older adults with epilepsy: Pathophysiology and management considerations","authors":"Michael Sadek ,&nbsp;Zeina Chemali ,&nbsp;Rani A. Sarkis","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Older adults with epilepsy are at an increased risk for comorbid depression, which worsens their quality of life. This review aims to outline the pathophysiological mechanisms thought to underly the comorbidity of depression in older adults with epilepsy and propose clinical and pharmacological considerations for the holistic management of depression in this population. Indeed, there is a wide range of reported prevalence of depression in older adults with epilepsy, yet these are likely underestimates since depression is underdiagnosed in this population. Age-related drivers of depression include biological and social risk factors such as neurodegenerative changes, inflammation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, social isolation, stigma, and poor health status. Additional contributors related to epilepsy include the impact of seizures, the effects of anti-seizure medications, and the role of sleep-disordered breathing. Therefore, the management of depression in older adults with epilepsy is centered on screening for depression and obstructive sleep apnea, careful choice of anti-seizure medications and anti-depressants, and the provision of social and psychological support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of adult caregivers of people with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A long-term care planning needs assessment","authors":"Danielle M. Andrade ,&nbsp;Laurie D Bailey ,&nbsp;Mary Anne Meskis ,&nbsp;Veronica Hood ,&nbsp;Sophie Ferreira ,&nbsp;Tracy Dixon-Salazar ,&nbsp;Jennifer Griffin ,&nbsp;M. Scott Perry","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Provide the perspective of caregivers planning for adulthood in people with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Family members (N = 134) of people with DEE (1–44 years old) responded to an anonymous, internet-based survey to assess the needs of DEE families. Respondents included parents/guardians (n = 121, 90.3 %) and adult siblings ≥18y (n = 13, 9.7 %). Diagnoses included Dravet syndrome (n = 71), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (n = 38), PCDH19-related epilepsy syndrome (n = 8), CDKL5 deficiency disorder (n = 5), SYNGAP1-related DEE (n = 5), STXBP1-related DEE (n = 3), Dup15q syndrome (n = 2), infantile spasms and NPRL2 seizure disorder (dual diagnosis, n = 1), and Fragile X syndrome (n = 1). Constant safety monitoring was required for many people with DEE (82.1 %). Between 81.3 % and 92.5 % of people with DEE experienced developmental delays, intellectual disability, delayed language and speech issues, and movement and/or balance issues. Overall, 29 (21.6 %) respondents reported having adequate access to long-term adult care planning information. Medical, legal, and financial planning was completed by 22 (18.2 %) to 46 (38.0 %) parent/guardian respondents. Most adult siblings (12/13, 92.3 %) planned to receive responsibility for future care of their sibling with DEE. Respondents accessed relevant information via disease-specific patient organizations (81.3 %), other patients and/or caregivers (67.9 %), social media (53.7 %), primary care physicians (40.3 %), nurses (14.2 %), and neurologists (1.5 %). Respondents indicated concern as the people with DEE transition into adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Caregivers of adults with DEE are often family members, including adult siblings. Caregivers/families may benefit from receiving additional support to facilitate future planning of transition to adult care. The healthcare system may require changes to facilitate successful medical transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma intersectionality and its impact on an epilepsy stigma self-management program","authors":"Sarah Prieto ,&nbsp;Elaine T. Kiriakopoulos ,&nbsp;Allyson Goldstein ,&nbsp;Sarah Kaden ,&nbsp;Geoffrey Tremont ,&nbsp;Kunal Mankodiya ,&nbsp;Elijah Castillo ,&nbsp;Shehjar Sadhu ,&nbsp;Dhaval Solanki ,&nbsp;Jennifer D. Davis ,&nbsp;Seth A. Margolis","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Perceived stigma is a common and distressing experience among people with epilepsy (PWE), particularly those with additional marginalized identities. Our team developed RISE ABOVE, a self-paced online stigma self-management program, to reduce stigma-related distress. This secondary analysis of pilot data examined how intersecting stigmas (i.e., additional stigmas beyond epilepsy) influence perceptions of RISE ABOVE’s credibility, expectations for change, user satisfaction, and psychosocial outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Twenty PWE from 13 U.S. states completed RISE ABOVE. Participants were diverse (Mean age = 47.3 ± 14.3 years; BIPOC = 30 %; bilingual = 30 %; unemployed = 30 %; female = 50 %; seizures uncontrolled = 50 %), with 12–18 years of education. All but one reported stigma beyond epilepsy (Median = 2.5 additional stigmas, IQR = 1–3.75). Credibility and expectations were assessed with each module; satisfaction was measured post-program. Psychosocial outcomes—including perceived stress, self-efficacy, rejection, loneliness, epilepsy stigma, and social role satisfaction—were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and six-months. Analyses included Pearson correlations and paired t-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Credibility ratings were similar across groups, though expectations for change were higher among those with fewer intersecting stigmas. Medium-to-large improvements (Hedges’ <em>g</em> = 0.57–1.15) were observed in stress, social satisfaction, rejection, and epilepsy stigma. Self-efficacy only improved among those with lower stigma intersectionality. At follow-up, most gains were maintained, but reduced loneliness and improved social role satisfaction were limited to those with fewer intersecting stigma.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RISE ABOVE is a promising intervention. However, tailored adaptations may enhance its utility for PWE confronting multiple stigmatized identities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of health information for women with epilepsy from preconception to postpartum: An evaluation of online resources","authors":"Jade Parnell ,&nbsp;Déirdre Daly ,&nbsp;Julia Duff ,&nbsp;Aisling Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many women with epilepsy (WWE) navigate complex decisions regarding their reproductive health. The internet can provide specific educational resources for WWE from preconception to postpartum. This study reviewed the type and quality of online resources targeting WWE from preconception to postpartum.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of Google, YouTube, GooglePlay Store, and Spotify was conducted online using four search terms: <em>“women and epilepsy,” “epilepsy in women,” “preconception to postpartum and women with epilepsy,”</em> and <em>“epilepsy and pregnancy.”</em> The HONcode and DISCERN tools were used to measure the reliability and overall quality of the resources. Additional study-specific questions were included to assess each resource’s audience relevancy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 240 initial search results were identified. Of these, 43 resources were included for quality assessment. These resources comprised of 26 websites (22 %), 13 videos (33 %), 4 podcasts (10 %), and no Applications. The average quality score for these 43 resources was 47.97 (<em>SD</em> = 13.67), out of a maximum of 75, which is rated as ‘fair.’ Out of the 26 websites, 12 % were HONCode certified. The average readability/listenability, language, sensitivity, accessibility, value, and consistency of information was high (from a scale of 1 to 5, the scores ranged from <em>M</em> = 3.90, <em>SD</em> = 1.13 to <em>M</em> = 4.27, <em>SD</em> = 0.930).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Online resources for WWE are deemed usable, however improvements could be made to enhance their overall quality. This paper provides a list of reviewed resources to support in the delivery of reliable information for women with epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune-mediated inflammatory conditions in epilepsy: role of autoimmunity","authors":"Araceli Reyes-Cuayahuitl ,&nbsp;Diana Araceli Estrada-Garcia ,&nbsp;Nayeli Orea-Méndez ,&nbsp;Angélica Vega-Garcia ,&nbsp;Mei-Li Chew-Irra ,&nbsp;Estefany Ramos –López ,&nbsp;Sandra Orozco-Suarez","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between epilepsy and neuroinflammation; syndromes such as Rasmussen syndrome and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with epilepsy and some cases with refractory status epilepticus are prominent examples of this relationship. However, seizures are one of the symptoms that patients with autoimmune encephalitis frequently present with or are at increased risk for epilepsy, hence the confusion with associated autoimmune epilepsy. Moreover, the etiology of one-third of all epilepsies remains unknown, and it is estimated that approximately 5% of focal epilepsies of unknown cause without clinical suspicion of encephalopathy may be immune-mediated. Autoimmune pathophysiologic mechanisms have been included as one of the etiologies of seizures in the most recent classification by the International League Against Epilepsy. The antigens most associated with epilepsy of autoimmune origin are mainly intracellular antigens such as glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and neuronal surface antigens such as inactivated glioma leucine-rich protein-1 (LGI1), GABAb receptor, and it has recently been shown that more than one autoantibody can be present in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. This could cause an overlap of clinical features, thus complicating clinical symptoms and treatment; therefore, early identification of more than one autoantibody, in addition to rigorous clinical diagnosis, imaging studies, and assessment of the response to immunotherapy, is of utmost importance. Thus, new immunomodulatory therapies are emerging that show promising effects, as anticonvulsants (ASM) usually do not stop immune-mediated seizures and are often used for symptomatic control. This manuscript will review the most recent advances in inflammation in developing autoimmune-associated epilepsy, its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and recent treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy knowledge test for adolescents (EpiTest-A): psychometric evaluation in Turkish adolescents and development","authors":"Ozlem Guzel Polat ,&nbsp;Ayda Celebioglu ,&nbsp;Nezaket Bilge Uzun","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to create a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the knowledge level of adolescents with epilepsy about the disease.</div></div><div><h3>Design &amp; methods</h3><div>A quantitative research approach was adopted for the present study, involving the application of a survey to evaluate the knowledge levels of adolescents with epilepsy about their condition. The participants consisted of 122 adolescents with epilepsy. In the development of the knowledge test, a pool of 63 items was created on each topic needed by adolescents with epilepsy. It was sent to 10 experts in the field of pediatrics to evaluate the clarity and comprehensibility of the items. Expert opinions were assessed with the content validity index. A draft form of a 35-item knowledge test was created by expert suggestions and researchers. The content validity and reliability of the items in the knowledge test applied to adolescents with epilepsy were evaluated with ITEMAN analysis and descriptive statistics were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It was determined that the discrimination levels of the “EpiTest-A” consisting of 23 items, were sufficient and that the knowledge test was an easy but reliable measurement tool that could distinguish those who knew about the disease from those who did not.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It was determined that the “EpiTest-A” is a valid and reliable measurement tool for adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>“EpiTest-A” is an easy and applicable measurement tool suitable for the developmental characteristics of adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining the unknown: causal illness beliefs among people with epilepsy without identified cause","authors":"John B. Wetmore ,&nbsp;Hyunmi Choi ,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Godinez ,&nbsp;Karolynn Siegel ,&nbsp;Ruth Ottman","doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We explored the relations of demographic and clinical characteristics to causal illness beliefs (“attributions”) among people with epilepsy without identified non-genetic (acquired) cause.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We surveyed 644 patients treated at a comprehensive epilepsy center (2019–2022) and abstracted data from their medical records. Participants completed the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, rating the likelihood of 17 possible causes of their epilepsy, and named what they believed was the most important cause in a free-response item. We collapsed causal attributions into five factors: genetics, psychosocial, non-genetic biological, fate, and chance. We assessed associations of causal attributions with demographic and clinical epilepsy characteristics using multivariate generalized linear and multinomial logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with a family history of epilepsy were more likely to endorse genetic causes (adjusted mean [aM] = 2.85) than were those without (aM = 2.14), p &lt; 0.001. Those with a high school education or less (aM = 1.78) were more likely to endorse psychosocial causes (e.g., psychological distress) than were college graduates (aM = 1.46), p &lt; 0.001. Participants whose last seizure was &lt; 1 year ago were more likely to attribute their epilepsy to psychosocial causes (aM = 1.55) than were those whose last seizure was ≥ 1 year ago (aM = 1.33), p &lt; 0.001. In the free-response item, the causes considered most important were: non-genetic biological (43.8 %), genetics (26.8 %), psychosocial (20.7 %), fate (6.0 %), and chance (2.7 %).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Demographic and clinical characteristics are associated with causal attributions of epilepsy. These relationships have implications for epilepsy management and treatment and suggest a need for improved patient-centered communication about epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11847,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy & Behavior","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}