发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Development of a protozoan chemoattraction bioassay for evaluating toxicity of aquatic pollutants. 评价水生污染物毒性的原生动物化学吸引生物测定法的建立。
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050307
R. O. Roberts, S. Berk
{"title":"Development of a protozoan chemoattraction bioassay for evaluating toxicity of aquatic pollutants.","authors":"R. O. Roberts, S. Berk","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050307","url":null,"abstract":"A microcapillary assay technique was developed to assess effects of pollutants on the chemoattraction of the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis. Parameters in the protocol such as starvation period, exposure period, and trough design were standardized in an effort to obtain consistent results. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Cadmium, phenol, and naphthalene were tested for effects on ciliates' chemoattraction to 0.15% yeast extract. All three toxicants inhibited chemoattraction; cadmium had the greatest effect, followed by naphthalene and phenol, respectively. The percent inhibition of chemoattraction for each concentration was used to determine EC50 values for both 1 and 5 h exposures. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results show that the chemoattraction assay may provide a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive asessment of aquatic toxicity. Inclusion of a protozoan assay fills the existing taxonomic gap in the routine battery of toxicity tests used for many hazard evaluations.","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73011067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Decolorization and biodegradation of methyl red by acetobacter liquefaciens 液化醋酸杆菌对甲基红的脱色及生物降解研究
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050303
K. So, P. Wong, Kwong‐Yu Chan
{"title":"Decolorization and biodegradation of methyl red by acetobacter liquefaciens","authors":"K. So, P. Wong, Kwong‐Yu Chan","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050303","url":null,"abstract":"Decolorization and biodegradation of the azo dye methyl red (2′-carboxy-4-N,N-dimethylamino-azobenzene) in shaking and static cultures of the strict aerobe Acetobacter liquefaciens S-1 were demonstrated by the disappearance of the brownish orange color of the methyl red containing medium (pH 7.5), by the decrease in absorption maximum of methyl red, and by the identification of two compounds 2-aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid) and N,N′-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine (4-N,N-dimethylamino-aniline) formed by reductive cleavage of methyl red in parallel with incubation time. Decolorization of methyl red was essentially completed within 17 h of incubation in both shaking and static cultures, which contained 1 g/L of (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source, 1% ethanol as carbon source, and up to 400 ppm of methyl red. Cells of A. liquefaciens S-1 were able to metabolize methyl red as sole nitrogen source for growth, although the time required to achieve high decolorization efficiency (98%) of methyl red was considerably longer (72 h) under this condition.","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84896751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Toxicity of mixtures of aquatic contaminants using the luminescent bacteria bioassay 用发光细菌生物测定法测定水生污染物混合物的毒性
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050203
J. Ribó, F. Rogers
{"title":"Toxicity of mixtures of aquatic contaminants using the luminescent bacteria bioassay","authors":"J. Ribó, F. Rogers","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050203","url":null,"abstract":"The toxic effect of single organic contaminants to aquatic biota is relatively easy to assess using classic aquatic toxicity bioassays. Unfortunately, contaminants are present in the aquatic environment in mixtures of unknown composition. Moreover, antagonistic and synergistic interactions make the prediction of the real environmental hazard posed by organic contaminants more complicated. A mathematical algorithm has been developed to predict the toxicity of mixtures of organic contaminants to aquatic biota using toxicity data for the individual components of the mixture. The Microtox® toxicity bioassay was used to obtain the toxicity data for a set of chlorinated phenols that were used as test compounds to validate the model. The unique characteristics of the Microtox bioassay make it a perfect tool to confirm experimentally the ability of the model to estimate the combined toxic effect of mixtures of organic contaminants.","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78217534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 44
A bioassessment battery for use in an industrial setting: a new management approach 用于工业环境的生物评估电池:一种新的管理方法
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050204
S. M. Clarke, C. Barrick, M. Samoiloff
{"title":"A bioassessment battery for use in an industrial setting: a new management approach","authors":"S. M. Clarke, C. Barrick, M. Samoiloff","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050204","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the process of risk evaluation for workplace health and environmental protection, a battery of biological assays and a management presentation format for the battery have been developed for use at EG & G Rocky Flats, Inc. The battery consists of four acute (two bacterial, one human cell, one nematode) and two genetic (bacterial and nematode) assays. The nematode assay also gives information on chronic toxicity and an overall fitness factor. The battery was shown to be effective in detecting toxicity of eight metals and phenol, substances that are used at this plant and that react through a variety of toxic mechanisms. The presentation format allows management to very quickly determine where the most serious toxicity problems are located and effectively monitor progress in the cleanup of these situations. In addition, the format can be used to monitor effects of procedural changes in development and production.","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84642313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Rationale for including metabolites in chemical toxicity bioassay 化学毒性生物测定中包括代谢物的基本原理
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050206
Dickson L. S. Liu, R. Maguire, B. Dutka, G. Pacepavicius
{"title":"Rationale for including metabolites in chemical toxicity bioassay","authors":"Dickson L. S. Liu, R. Maguire, B. Dutka, G. Pacepavicius","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050206","url":null,"abstract":"Toxicity and biodegradability are major factors affecting the fate and behavior of an organic contaminant in the environment. In this report, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), an important industrial chemical, was used as a model toxicant to demonstrate that toxicity and biodegradability are intimately related in determining a chemical's effect and impact on the total ecosystem. DNT was found to be aerobically stable, but could undergo anaerobic biotransformation with the formation of three metabolites. One of the metabolites, namely 2-nitroso-4-nitrotoluene, was extremely toxic to the six test bacterial isolates, while the other two aminonitro metabolites and the parent compound DNT were much less toxic or nontoxic to the bacterial cultures. It is suggested that the incorporation of some known metabolites into short-term bioassay procedures could increase the reliability of these tests in the impact assessment of toxic chemicals on the environment. In addition, the difference between toxicity data generated from short-term bioassay procedures and those from long-term toxicological studies was also delineated from a biochemical viewpoint.","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76357249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Technical methods section a microcosm procedure for estimating ecological effects of chemicals and mixtures 技术方法第1节评估化学品和混合物的生态影响的微观程序
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050207
J. Pratt, N. Bowers
{"title":"Technical methods section a microcosm procedure for estimating ecological effects of chemicals and mixtures","authors":"J. Pratt, N. Bowers","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050207","url":null,"abstract":"The artifical substrata-microcosm method is intended for use in predicting direct and indirect effects of chemicals and chemical mixtures on whole, naturally derived, aquatic microbial communities (ecosystem surrogates). The method includes examination of effects on microbial production, respiration, nutrient dynamics, enzyme activities, and species richness","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78548934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Genotoxicity of 22 pesticides in microtitration SOS chromotest 微量滴定SOS显色法测定22种农药的遗传毒性
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050102
Hao Xu, K. Schurr
{"title":"Genotoxicity of 22 pesticides in microtitration SOS chromotest","authors":"Hao Xu, K. Schurr","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050102","url":null,"abstract":"The authors adapted microtitration techniques to the SOS Chromotest, and thereby established a simple and reliable modified genotoxicity test: the Microtitration SOS Chromotest. This test employs microtitration techniques and photometric analysis with numerical readout. These data are integrated into the computerized data processing program Statistical Analysis System to obtain genotoxicity and toxicity results of a chemical or chemical mixture within 16 h. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In order to test the applicability of the new system, the genotoxicity and toxicity of 22 pesticides were studied. A two-sample t test was employed to determine the level of significance (p captan > folpet > dinoseb > ferbam > linuron > alachlor > phosmet > cacodylic acid. The addition of rat liver S9 mix does not transform the nongenotoxic pesticides tested into genotoxic forms but significantly decreases the inducing ability of most positive pesticides. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Microtitration SOS Chromotest is rapid and efficient in providing evidence for decision-making related to cleanup of chemical spills and discharges where time is a critical factor. This method maintains its high accuracy and sensitivity compared with conventionally used assays. The studies of pesticide genotoxicity using this test confirm the applicability, reliability, and sensitivity of the Microtitration SOS Chromotest as a simple, efficient, and rapid genotoxicity prescreening system as well as an excellent research tool for genotoxic mechanism studies.","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86761117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Technical methods section method for measuring toxicity of suspended particulates in waters 技术方法水中悬浮颗粒毒性测定方法
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050108
S. Rao, K. Kwan
{"title":"Technical methods section method for measuring toxicity of suspended particulates in waters","authors":"S. Rao, K. Kwan","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Bioconcentration, chemical fate, and environmental effects testing under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act† 根据《有毒物质控制法》第4条进行生物浓缩、化学命运和环境影响测试
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050106
John D. Walker
{"title":"Bioconcentration, chemical fate, and environmental effects testing under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act†","authors":"John D. Walker","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050106","url":null,"abstract":"As of December 31, 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had published 49 Federal Register (FR) notices acknowledging, proposing, or requiring development of bioconcentration, chemical fate, or environmental effects testing data under Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). These FR notices included 5 Decisions Not to Test (DNTs) that acknowledged industry testing, 19 Notices of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRs) that proposed testing by industry, 9 Notices of Final Rulemaking (NFRs), and 2 Consent Orders (COs) that required industry testing as well as 7 proposed and 7 final Negotiated Testing Agreements (NTAs). Two bioconcentration, 12 chemical fate, and 28 environmental effects tests were submitted to the EPA by industry as a result of issuing DNTs. Industry completed 3 bioconcentration, 86 chemical fate, and 151 environmental effects tests after publication of NTAs. Two bioconcentration, 11 chemical fate, and 14 environmental effects tests were completed as a result of publishing NFRs; 1 chemical fate and 5 environmental effects tests were completed under a CO. As of December 31, 1988, a total of 7 bioconcentration, 110 chemical fate, and 234 environmental effects tests had been completed under TSCA Section 4.","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89969396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
A continuous-flow method for measuring effects of chemicals on soil nitrification. 测定化学药品对土壤硝化作用的连续流法。
Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2540050107
A. N. Rhodes, C. W. Hendricks
{"title":"A continuous-flow method for measuring effects of chemicals on soil nitrification.","authors":"A. N. Rhodes, C. W. Hendricks","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2540050107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2540050107","url":null,"abstract":"Because the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is directly related to microbial nutrient cycling, understanding the effects of chemical contaminants on soil microbial processes is important. This study examined the effects of two model chemicals—Roundup (glyphosate) and N-Serve (nitrapyrin)—on nitrifying organisms in static, perfusion, and continuous-flow culture systems. Experimental concentrations were approximately 1, 10, and 100 × the spot application rate. Both N-Serve and Roundup were shown to inhibit nitrification in the treated soils. Roundup significantly reduced nitrification at 6.8 and 68 mg g−1 dry soil. N-Serve (nitrapyrin) completely inhibited nitrification at levels greater than 42 μ g−1 dry soil in all cultural methods. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In comparative studies with static batch and perfusion culture techniques, the continuous-flow system proved to be both reliable and useful in the culture of nitrifying bacteria. This method provides an alternative to traditional culture techniques in measuring chemical effects on microbial geochemical cycles and provides a new method for use in toxicity testing.","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74118607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术官方微信