Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality最新文献_第4页

Microbial toxicity mechanism of copper-8-quinolinolate 8-喹啉酸铜的微生物毒性机制

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090204

Dickson L. S. Liu, R. Maguire, G. J. Pacepavlcius, J. Carey

{"title":"Microbial toxicity mechanism of copper-8-quinolinolate","authors":"Dickson L. S. Liu, R. Maguire, G. J. Pacepavlcius, J. Carey","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090204","url":null,"abstract":"Sapstain, an abnormal discoloration in wood caused by microbial growth, can significantly lower the price of a lumber and thus fresh sawn softwood lumber of a susceptible species is often treated with a biocide such as pentachlorophenol (PCP) to prevent the development of sapstain during shipping and prolonged storage. Very recently, chlorophenol-based antisapstain agents have been banned in Canada, because of environmental toxicity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the microbial toxicity mechanism of the copper salts of 8-quinolinolate (Cu-8-HQ), one of the replacement chemicals for PCP in sapstain control. The results revealed that the biocidal activity of Cu-8-HQ originates from a stable metal (copper) chelate and that the molecular integrity of the chelate is most critical in the expression of its toxicity potential. The chelating power of 8-hydroxyquinoline for trace metals was not found to be directly responsible for the biocidal activity of Cu-8-HQ as suggested in the literature. The anion groups were found to have no significant impact on the biocidal activity of Cu-8-HQ, which has been observed with other organometallic compounds. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78057628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The influence of sediment extract fractionation methods on bioassay results 沉淀物分离方法对生物测定结果的影响

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090211

K. Ho, L. Mills, C. Mueller, S. Anderson, A. Malcolm

引用次数: 20

Studies on Bacillus thuringiensis H‐14 strains isolated in Egypt. VII. Toxicity to insecticide resistant and susceptible strains of mosquitoes 苏云金芽孢杆菌H‐14埃及分离株的研究。7。对抗杀虫剂和敏感蚊子的毒性

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090206

A. Abdel-Hameed, C. Leake, G. Carlberg, S. Niemelä, O. El-Tayeb

{"title":"Studies on Bacillus thuringiensis H‐14 strains isolated in Egypt. VII. Toxicity to insecticide resistant and susceptible strains of mosquitoes","authors":"A. Abdel-Hameed, C. Leake, G. Carlberg, S. Niemelä, O. El-Tayeb","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090206","url":null,"abstract":"Two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 (M1 and S128) isolated in Egypt were bioassayed in the laboratory against various insecticide-susceptible and -resistant mosquito species and strains. The results for both bacterial strains tested against Aedes (4 strains), Culex (4 strains), and Anopheles (7 strains) larvae indicate a wide spectrum of larvicidal activity within the Culicidae. Generally, fourth instar larvae of the Aedes and Culex strains were found to be more susceptible than third instar larvae of Anopheles strains. In addition, mosquito strains within the same species that have different geographical origins and/or resistance patterns to residual insecticides were found to have different susceptibilites to the tested preparations. No apparent relationship was found between resistance to insecticides in these mosquito strains and their susceptibility to the tested preparations of B. thuringiensis H-14. These data indicate that B. thuringiensis H-14 could be of potential use against insecticide-resistant vector populations in integrated disease-control programs. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90118442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Soil respiration, ATP content, and Photobacterium toxicity test as indicators of metal pollution in soil 土壤呼吸、三磷酸腺苷含量和光细菌毒性试验作为土壤金属污染的指标

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090207

P. Vanhala, J. Ahtiainen

引用次数: 70

Studies on Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 strains isolated in Egypt. VI: Correlation between specific plasmids and δ-endotoxin production 苏云金芽孢杆菌H-14埃及分离株的研究。特定质粒与δ-内毒素产生的相关性

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090205

A. Abdel-Hameed, G. Carlberg, K. Lindström, O. El-Tayeb

{"title":"Studies on Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 strains isolated in Egypt. VI: Correlation between specific plasmids and δ-endotoxin production","authors":"A. Abdel-Hameed, G. Carlberg, K. Lindström, O. El-Tayeb","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090205","url":null,"abstract":"The crystal-producing (cry+) strains M1 and S128 of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14, and several noncrystal-producing (cry−) mutants derived from them, were analyzed for the presence of plasmid DMA in attempts to correlate δ-endotoxin production with the presence of a specific plasmid(s). Plasmid analysis of both parent strains revealed the presence of several plasmids in the size range of 3.2–130 megadalton (Mdal). The two strains were found to have identical plasmid profiles, except that strain M1 contained an additional plasmid of 68 Mdal. All the cry− mutants derived from the cry+ parental strains had lost at least a 75 Mdal plasmid. On the other hand, plasmid analysis of cry+ derivatives cured of one or more plasmids revealed that they all harbored the 75 Mdal plasmid. This correlation was further confirmed by a plasmid transfer experiment in which strain M1 transmitted the crystal-producing phenotype to a noncrystal-producing B. thuringiensis recipient. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the 75 Mdal plasmid was present in all the isolated cry+ transcipients and absent in all the isolated cry− transcipients. These results demonstrate that the structural genes for the δ-endotoxin in the isolated strains of B. thuringiensis H-14 are borne on the 75 Mdal plasmid. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89851275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Paper as reference material in “Sturm test” applied to insoluble substances 纸作为“Sturm试验”中不溶性物质的参考材料

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090202

L. Musmeci, P. Gucci, L. Volterra

{"title":"Paper as reference material in “Sturm test” applied to insoluble substances","authors":"L. Musmeci, P. Gucci, L. Volterra","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090202","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-increasing use of plastics for the packaging, wrapping, and transportation of goods is causing serious concern in regard to their environmental fate when they are carelessly discarded (visual pollution), or disposed off by dumping or by incineration. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000For this reason in the last few years in Italy legislation was introduced, specif ing that the plastics used in the manufacturing of shopping bags must be “biodegradable.” The selected test for assaying biodegradability was the modified Sturm method. In applying this assay the choice of reference standard materials, which associates two characteristics—biodegradability and insolubility—is a major problem. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The possibility was investigated of utilizing a paper sample. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The modified Sturm method revealed that the biodegradability of six paper samples varied from 54.5 to 75.2%; papers of two shopping bags showed a biodegradadability of 48.0 and 95.0%, respectively. The variability in the results was due to the composition of the paper. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results from this study indicate that the kind of paper to be used as reference material in the modified Sturm method has to be strictly selected in order to guarantee the reproducibility of the measures. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79042953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Toxicity of the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Microcystis aeruginosa in drinking water to growing pigs, as an animal model for human injury and risk assessment 饮用水中蓝藻(蓝藻)铜绿微囊藻对生长猪的毒性研究，作为人体损伤的动物模型及风险评估

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090209

Ian R. Falconer, Michael D. Burch, D. Steffensen, Mandy Choice, O. Robert Coverdale

引用次数: 226

Fertilizer applications, nitrate loading patterns, water resources quality and their ecotoxicological implications in Awka area of Nigeria 尼日利亚Awka地区化肥施用、硝酸盐负荷模式、水资源质量及其生态毒理学影响

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090210

F. C. Ezeonu, B. Egboka, S. Aze

引用次数: 7

Distribution of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in an Indian waterway 二氯二苯三氯乙烷(DDT)及其代谢物在印度水道中的分布

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090212

C. Sujatha, S. M. Nair, N. Kumar, J. Chacko

引用次数: 15

Toxicity assessment of wastewater treatment processes using the microtox 45% screening test procedure 使用microtox 45%筛选试验程序对废水处理过程进行毒性评估

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090213

T. Sim, W. Ng, A. Bulich, K. Ng

引用次数: 1