European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Genetic insights into the effect of Metformin on psychiatry disorders.","authors":"Qin Zhou, Zhiqiang Du, Rongrong Lu, Yuan Shen, Ying Jiang, Haohao Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00406-025-02039-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-025-02039-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study employs Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationships between Metformin and 20 mental illnesses. The aim is to provide new pharmacological treatment bases for the treatment and intervention of mental illnesses, thereby reducing incidence rates and alleviating the disease burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses summarized data from Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to identify genetic instrumental variables (IVs) that are significantly associated with Metformin and are mutually independent. The primary method used to evaluate causal relationships is the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) approach, complemented by other MR methods for sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis results indicate a significant negative causal relationship between genetically predicted Metformin and Neuroticism(NEU) (OR = 0.700, 95% CI: 0.505-0.970, P = 0.032) and Bipolar Disorder(BID) (OR = 0.0374, 95% CI: 0.00266-0.525, P = 0.015). Additionally, a significant positive causal relationship was found with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) (OR = 15.4, 95% CI: 1.95-122, P = 0.010) and Insomnia(INS) (OR = 1.96E + 06, 95% CI: 351-1.10E + 10, P = 0.001). There were no significant causal relationships with the remaining mental illnesses (P>0.05). Sensitivity analyses indicate that the results are robust.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From a genetic perspective, this study finds that Metformin may reduce the risk of NEU and BID while increasing the risk of ADHD and INS. These findings not only provide theoretical support for further research into the etiological mechanisms but also offer valuable reference points for the clinical use of Metformin in treating NEU and BID, and for exercising caution in its use among patients with ADHD and INS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1465-1476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Efficacy of racemic ketamine or esketamine monotherapy for reducing suicidal ideation in uni- or bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis\".","authors":"Alina Wilkowska, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała","doi":"10.1007/s00406-025-01958-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-025-01958-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1525-1526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and sex differences in outpatient antipsychotic prescriptions for schizophrenia: a claims data study.","authors":"Tabea Ramin, Jens-Uwe Peter, Michael Schneider, Martin Heinze, Oliver Riedel, Sophie Hanna Langbein, Ulrike Haug, Oliver Zolk","doi":"10.1007/s00406-024-01867-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-024-01867-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most studies on antipsychotic efficacy and safety, including sex differences, focus on young schizophrenia patients. However, with an aging population, the number of older schizophrenia patients is increasing. This group faces challenges due to varying treatment responses and higher risks of adverse reactions, and guidelines often lack specific recommendations due to insufficient trials. Therefore, we investigated how age and sex influence antipsychotic prescribing practices in schizophrenia using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD). We included patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (ICD-10 code F20.X) who had been prescribed at least one antipsychotic on an outpatient basis in at least two consecutive quarters in 2020, analyzing prescription data for 49,681 patients. Key findings include a notable preference for second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) across all age groups, especially in younger patients, possibly due to their perceived better tolerability and efficacy. Treatment intensity with SGAs (expressed as the defined daily doses of SGAs per patient in 2020) initially increased with age, peaked among 35- to 44-year-olds, and then decreased, with the lowest treatment intensity in patients aged 65 years and older. The prescription patterns of specific SGAs and first-generation antipsychotics varied across age groups, highlighting the complexity of treatment decisions in schizophrenia management. Sex differences in prescription frequency and treatment intensity were also observed. The basic recommendation of the guideline to consider sex and age when prescribing antipsychotics therefore appears to be followed. Whether this prescribing practice is really optimal for older male and female schizophrenia patients, however, still needs to be proven in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1403-1417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are \"mystical experiences\" essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics?","authors":"Kenji Hashimoto","doi":"10.1007/s00406-024-01770-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-024-01770-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing interest in the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine and classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, is remarkable. However, both ketamine and psychedelics are known to induce acute mystical experiences; ketamine can cause dissociative symptoms such as out-of-body experience, while psychedelics typically bring about hallucinogenic experiences, like a profound sense of unity with the universe or nature. The role of these mystical experiences in enhancing the antidepressant outcomes for patients with depression is currently an area of ongoing investigation and debate. Clinical studies have shown that the dissociative symptoms following the administration of ketamine or (S)-ketamine (esketamine) are not directly linked to their antidepressant properties. In contrast, the antidepressant potential of (R)-ketamine (arketamine), thought to lack dissociative side effects, has yet to be conclusively proven in large-scale clinical trials. Moreover, although the activation of the serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor is crucial for the hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics in humans, its precise role in their antidepressant action is still under discussion. This article explores the importance of mystical experiences in enhancing the antidepressant efficacy of both ketamine and classic psychedelics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1333-1346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing knowledge gaps in evidence-based psychiatric treatment: insights from recent research.","authors":"Theresa Halms, Alkomiet Hasan","doi":"10.1007/s00406-024-01914-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-024-01914-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1533-1534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to paper 'Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) combined with unsupervised machine learning shows sensitivity to identify individuals in potential need for psychiatric assessment'.","authors":"Julian Wenzel, Joseph Kambeitz, Anne-Kathrin Fett, Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic","doi":"10.1007/s00406-024-01940-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-024-01940-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1535-1536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to assess response.","authors":"Steffen Zitzmann, Christoph Lindner","doi":"10.1007/s00406-024-01834-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-024-01834-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1531-1532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinflammatory features and cognitive function in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: unraveling distinct patterns in clozapine-resistant patients.","authors":"Yanzhe Li, Minghuan Zhu, Yeqing Dong, Nannan Liu, Xinxu Wang, Bing Yang, Zezhi Li, Shen Li","doi":"10.1007/s00406-024-01885-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-024-01885-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), particularly those resistant to clozapine (CTRS), pose a clinical challenge due to limited response to standard antipsychotic treatments. Inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are implicated in schizophrenia's pathophysiology. Our study examines cognitive function, psychopathological symptoms and inflammatory factors in TRS patients, focusing on differences between CTRS and non-CTRS individuals, as well as healthy controls. A cohort of 115 TRS patients and 84 healthy controls were recruited, assessing IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to assess psychopathological symptoms, while the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was applied to assess cognitive functioning. CTRS patients showed lower visuospatial constructional score (p = 0.015), higher PANSS scores, higher levels of IL-2 and reduced TNF-α than non-CTRS patients (p < 0.05). Notably, IL-2 was independently associated with psychopathology symptoms in CTRS patients (Beta = 0.268, t = 2.075, p = 0.042), while IL-6 was associated with psychopathology symptoms in non-CTRS patients (Beta = - 0.327, t = - 2.109, p = 0.042). Sex-specific analysis in CTRS patients revealed IL-2 associations with PANSS total and positive symptoms in females, and TNF-α associations with PANSS positive symptoms in males. Furthermore, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α displayed potential diagnostic value in TRS patients and CTRS patients (p < 0.05). Clozapine‑resistant symptoms represent an independent endophenotype in schizophrenia with distinctive immunoinflammatory characteristics, potentially influenced by sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1391-1401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Mi Yang, Xingxing Cui, Di Kong, Xincheng Huang, Guocheng Zhao, Xiuying Li, Huachang Zhao, Liju Liu, Fei Yan, Yan Yang, Zezhi Li","doi":"10.1007/s00406-024-01935-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-024-01935-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modulation of gut microbiota through probiotics holds promise as a novel avenue for schizophrenia treatment. This study aims to analyze probiotic complementary therapy on individuals with schizophrenia systematically, to investigate probiotic efficacy, potential mechanisms, and implications for clinical practice. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched in Medline, Web of Science, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang databases using keywords (\"probiotics\" OR \"prebiotics\" OR \"synbiotics\" OR \"Lactobacillus\" OR \"Bifidobacterium\") AND (\"schizophrenia\"), focused on randomized controlled trials published before July 1, 2023. Among the identified studies, 8 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 342 participants in the intervention group and 306 participants in the control group. Our analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.03) in the total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores following probiotic treatment in individuals with schizophrenia. While no statistical significance was observed in individual subscales (P > 0.05), significant improvements were noted in insulin levels, Insulin Resistance Index (IRI), and glucose levels. Additionally, the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) demonstrated a significant increase (all P < 0.05). The probiotic intervention significantly reduced gastrointestinal discomfort among schizophrenia patients (P = 0.003). This study suggests that probiotics could hold therapeutic potential for addressing clinical symptoms, abnormal glucose metabolism, and gastrointestinal discomfort in individuals with schizophrenia. Future research should encompass comparative trials employing robust experimental designs to explore the differential effects of various probiotic strains on schizophrenia treatment to provide evidence-based therapeutic approaches. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This review protocol was pre-registered on PROSPERO (No. CRD42023455273).</p>","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1437-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arketamine: a scoping review of its use in humans.","authors":"Gustavo C Leal, Isabel Lima-Araújo, David G Roiter, Ana Teresa Caliman-Fontes, Rodrigo P Mello, Flávio Kapczinski, Acioly L T Lacerda, Lucas C Quarantini","doi":"10.1007/s00406-024-01945-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00406-024-01945-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arketamine (R-ketamine), an enantiomer of ketamine, has historically been less studied than esketamine (S-ketamine) and the racemic mixture. Recent preclinical studies suggest that arketamine may offer prolonged antidepressant effects and a superior safety profile. This scoping review aims to assess and synthesise existing literature on the clinical use of arketamine in humans. This review follows the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews guidelines, with a comprehensive search conducted in PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry. Eligible studies included those reporting the administration of arketamine to humans. Data were extracted and synthesised descriptively. A total of 20 studies involving 410 subjects were included. Arketamine was primarily investigated for pain management and depression. While early evidence suggests arketamine may be effective in reducing pain, most studies were small and conducted in non-clinical settings. In psychiatry, trials indicate potential antidepressant effects, but results are inconsistent, and some studies remain unpublished. A consistent observation across most studies is arketamine's favourable safety profile, showing lower incidences of dissociative and psychotomimetic effects compared to esketamine and racemic ketamine. Arketamine may have a role in pain management and psychiatry, with a favourable safety profile compared to other forms of ketamine. However, the small scale of many studies limits the generalizability of findings, and results in depression trials are mixed. Larger, well-designed studies, possibly with higher doses, are needed to determine its therapeutic potential and establish its place in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11822,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1317-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}