Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Chemical and bioassay-based characterization of the growth promoter ractopamine in beef cattle manure.","authors":"J K Challis, Jenna Cantin, Jocelyn Thresher, Anthony W Curtis, Paul D Jones, Markus Brinkmann, Natacha Hogan, John P Giesy, Tim A McAllister, Francis J Larney","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study follows a previously published feeding trial investigating the fate of ractopamine and other veterinary-use pharmaceuticals in feedlot environments. Manure from these feeding trials was composted in windrows, stockpiled, and applied to soil to assess the fate and dissipation of ractopamine over 28 d. Concentrations of ractopamine increased over the first 2-4 d of composting and stockpiling, with concentrations as great as 2,500 ng/g dry weight (dw), before dissipating with a half-life of 5.7 d to concentrations <100 ng/g dw after 28 d (>95% treatment). Due to incorporation and dilution, manure-amended soils contained lesser initial concentrations of ractopamine (75 ng/g dw) and dissipated by ≈80% to < 10 ng/g dw after 28 d. Stockpiled manure extracts collected at Days 0, 4, and 28 d were tested for their (anti) estrogenicity and (anti) androgenicity using in vitro bioassays. Only estrogenicity was observed, with EC50 values ranging from 0.006-0.03 mg sample equivalents (SEQ) per mL. Relative to the positive control, 17β-estradiol, estrogen equivalents at the EC50 level (EEQ50, ng/g) of stockpiled manure ranged from 470 ± 50 ng/g at Day 0 to 80 ± 25 ng/g at Day 28. The presence of ractopamine in the manure had no impact on estrogenic potency. Endogenous hormones excreted by cattle are suspected to be the primary cause of observed estrogenic responses. However, trenbolone implants administered in ractopamine treated cattle 85 d prior to the described experiments contained estradiol, and thus likely also contributed to observed responses based on comparisons to non-implanted controls. Stockpiling manure reduced the estrogenic potency more than 5-fold, as indicated by increasing EC50 values over the 28 d study. The results presented here suggest that ractopamine is effectively dissipated during manure stockpiling and composting and is unlikely to pose any estrogenic or androgenic effects on agricultural environments when manures containing ractopamine are used as a fertilizer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spatiotemporal study of a recreational freshwater lake: UPLC-MS/MS profiling of cyanotoxins and the dermal toxicity assessment.","authors":"Vivian Jia Weng Chan, Lee Wei Chang, Faddrine Holt Jang, Mohd Syamil Razak, Michelle Khai Khun Yap","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyanotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria with significant health risks to both aquatic ecosystems and humans. In this study, spatiotemporal profiling of cyanotoxins from a recreational freshwater lake were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), across six months at three different study sites. Their toxicity on were examined on human skin keratinocytes because dermal exposure to recreational freshwater is an understudied route of exposure compared to ingestion. A network toxicology framework was constructed to predict and reveal the possible mechanistic insights of the cyanotoxins induce dermal toxicity. Our findings showed that, significant levels of cyanotoxins were identified through ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), with microcystin-RR being the most prevalent cyanotoxins present in the freshwater. Microcystins-enriched water samples significantly reduced the viability of human skin keratinocytes, nonetheless, membrane permeabilisation may not be the primary mechanisms of dermal toxicity. Network toxicology predicted significant enrichment of pathways involved in skin homeostasis and development. The findings suggest potential risks of dermal toxicity upon exposure to cyanotoxins-contaminated recreational freshwater, indicating the necessity for ongoing monitoring and immediate actions in evidence-based water management policies to protect the ecosystem and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental impact of residue Tire & Road Wear Particle on gammarids and potential ecological consequences.","authors":"Emilie Réalis-Doyelle, Alexis Golven, Fanny-Laure Thomassin, Jean Guillard, Nathalie Cottin, Emmanuel Naffrechoux","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environmental impact of Tire and Road Wear Particles (TRWP), arising from tire-road friction, has raised significant concerns. Like microplastics, TRWP contaminate air, water, and soil, with considerable annual emissions and runoff into freshwater ecosystems. Among TRWP compounds, 6PPD-Q, leached from tire particles, shows varying toxicity across species, notably affecting fish and invertebrates. This study investigates the effects of 6PPD-Q on Gammarus amphipods, a key species in freshwater ecosystems, to better understand its potential ecological and policy implications. Using recirculating water systems with 9 independent incubators, Gammarus amphipods were exposed to 6PPD-Q at concentrations (1.5 and 3.0 µg/L) relevant to peri-alpine lakes. Males and females were separately tested across treatments, and multiple biodemographic endpoints were monitored, including survival, feeding rate, behavior, and reproductive traits. Results revealed sublethal effects included a significant reduction in feeding rate and behavioral alterations at 1.5 µg/L, such as decreased swimming speed, reduced distance travelled. Furthemore a moderate increase in male mortality (14%) was observed at 3 µg/L. Although oocyte size increased at 3 µg/L, the number of oocytes and embryos did not significantly differ between treatments. These results suggest that even at low concentrations, 6PPD-Q may impair key physiological and behavioral functions in Gammarus, potentially through neurotoxic mechanisms. Given the ecological role of amphipods in detritus processing and trophic transfer, such impairments could compromise energy flow within freshwater food webs. While some observed effects showed high variability, they warrant further investigation to assess potential long-term and population-level consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro- and nanoplastic effects on the reproduction of Daphnia spp. - A meta-analysis.","authors":"Ana L Antonio Vital, Luca Liprandi, Christian Laforsch, Magdalena M Mair","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several micro- and nanoplastic particle (MNP) traits, like polymer type, size, and shape, have been shown to influence MNP toxicity. However, the direction and strength of these moderating effects are often unclear, and generalizations from single studies are challenging to establish. Meta-analyses increase generalizability and derive more accurate and precise effect size estimates by combining measurements from published studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of MNP exposure on the reproductive output of water fleas of the genus Daphnia by aggregating 369 data points from 64 studies. We show that daphnids exposed to MNP produce, on average, 13.6 less neonates, a reduction of 20.8% compared to the particle-free controls (control mean = 65.37 neonates). This effect is moderated by MNP concentration, exposure duration, experimental temperature, and size category, with microplastics eliciting a stronger negative effect than nanoplastic particles. Shape category, species, age, polymer type, size (µm), fluorescence, modification type, presence of surfactant, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) did not influence effect sizes significantly. Based on the high residual heterogeneity in the data, we suggest that additional factors likely influence observed effects and discuss how better particle characterization could improve our understanding of the drivers of MNP toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression changes in ducklings exposed in ovo to emerging and legacy per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances.","authors":"Anne-Fleur Brand, Silje Peterson, Louisa M S Günzel, Kang Nian Yap, Tomasz M Ciesielski, Céline Arzel, Veerle L B Jaspers","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of two emerging PFAS compounds, perfluorododecane sulfonic acid (PFDoDS) and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonic acid (PFECHS), alongside legacy perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), on gene expression in the liver, heart, and bursa of Fabricius from mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) exposed in ovo, simulating maternal transfer to the egg. These PFAS compounds were selected based on their detection in a declining sea duck species and concerns over their endocrine disruption potential. Farmed mallard eggs were injected with 80 ng/g of PFDoDS, PFECHS, or PFOS, reflecting concentrations at the upper end of those reported in wild bird eggs. In the liver, mRNA and small RNA sequencing revealed sex-specific changes in genes related to metabolism and immune function, particularly antiviral responses, in PFECHS- and PFDoDS-exposed ducklings. Notably, there was overlap between male PFECHS- and PFOS-exposed groups. In the heart, targeted qPCR analysis of mRNA and microRNA associated with stress, inflammation, and development showed no differences, though trends included altered expression of genes involved in oxidative and cellular stress responses across treatments. In the bursa of Fabricius, targeted qPCR of immune-related mRNA revealed upward trends in innate immune gene expression across all exposure groups, also consistent with antiviral immune activation, suggesting shared transcriptional effects among these sulfonated PFAS. These findings demonstrate that emerging PFAS exposure alters gene regulation related to key physiological pathways, with responses differing by sex and tissue type. Our results underscore the complexity of PFAS-induced immune modulation and highlight potential developmental risks of maternal PFAS transfer in wild avian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A participatory science approach to quantify microfiber emissions from clothes dryers.","authors":"Monica M Arienzo, Meghan Collins, Emily Justice Frey, Marilee Movius, Laura Patten, Angelique DePauw, Rachel Kozloski","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have shown that washing and drying clothes contribute microfiber contamination to the environment. However, there is a lack of data from clothes dryers under normal household use. To begin to address this data gap, we recruited participatory volunteer scientists to install a mesh on their dryer vents for 3 weeks. During that time, the volunteers used a mobile phone application to record information about what was dried. The material accumulated on the mesh was analyzed for material composition. The results showed that the items dried were primarily composed of cotton, followed by polyester. The textile-derived microfibers on the mesh were primarily cellulose, followed by polyethylene terephthalate/polyester and other plastics. When we compared the microfibers on the mesh with the textiles dried, we found that the relative percentage of cellulosic microfibers on the mesh was higher than the percentage of cellulosic textiles dried. This suggests cellulosic textiles potentially released more microfibers than synthetic textiles. On average, 138 mg of material was emitted per dryer load. When scaled to the number of electric clothes dryers in the United States and the average number of dryer loads per household per year, we estimated dryers release approximately 3543.6 metric tons of microfibers per year in the United States. The results indicate that clothes dryers are potentially a significant source of cellulosic and synthetic microfibers being released into the air, and steps should be taken to reduce these emissions. The methods outlined here can be applied to other studies to assess microfiber emissions from dryers under normal household use.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticides detected in two urban areas have implications for local butterfly conservation.","authors":"Dittemore C M, A Anderson, A Code, A Lenard, M R Douglas, C A Halsch, M L Forister","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human-managed green spaces in urban landscapes have become important focal points for insect conservation, partly because of the desirable insect diversity that these areas support, and also because exposure to nature is important for human health and wellbeing. An important issue in insect conservation is the extent to which non-pest insects are impacted by pesticide applications, but this has been relatively less examined outside of agricultural landscapes. Here, we investigated green spaces, including parks and private yards, in two urban areas (Sacramento, California, and Albuquerque, New Mexico), asking if larval host plants for butterflies in the two regions contained herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. We assayed 336 individual plants in 19 genera, including woody and herbaceous plants. Pesticide presence was ubiquitous: only 22 samples had no detectable levels of pesticides; the median number of compounds detected in the other 314 individual plants was three; and the maximum detected in any one plant was 18. Within Sacramento, azoxystrobin was detected in 84% of all samples, whereas atrazine was detected in 70% of samples within Albuquerque. Two compounds (azoxystrobin and chlorantraniliprole) were found to exceed concentrations that are known to cause lethal and sublethal effects in 71 out of 336 plants. Our results suggest that the effects of pesticides on non-target species should be further explored in urban areas, and that non-target effects on desirable insects are possible in these areas without thoughtful management and elimination of non-essential pesticide applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) on Sperm Function and Early Development in Prochilodus Magdalenae: Implications for Aquatic Species Reproduction.","authors":"Jose Espinosa-Araujo, Lucellys Sierra-Marquez, Víctor Atencio-Garcia, Jesús Olivero-Verbel","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the well-documented capacity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to induce endocrine alterations, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity of PFOA on sperm kinetics and larval viability of Prochilodus magdalenae (bocachico). Colombia's most economically significant freshwater fish species. Gametes were obtained through hormonal induction of P. magdalenae broodstock, and in vitro fertilization was performed to obtain larvae. The semen was activated either with water or water containing different PFOA concentrations (10-500 µM). Sperm motility (both total and specific types), progressivity, and velocity (linear and curvilinear) were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Fertility and hatching were evaluated in two separate experiments: the first involved one-hour PFOA (10 to 500 µM) exposure; whereas the second exposure occurred under 12-hour long assays, involving the entire embryonic development, evaluating various morphometric and functional parameters. Bocachico larvae were exposed to different PFOA concentrations for 24 h to determine the lethality percentage and the LC50. Sperm motility, progressivity and velocity were not significantly affected at PFOA concentrations below 200 µM. However, concentrations of 300 µM or higher significantly (p < 0.05) impacted sperm kinetics, particularly linear velocity, with a statistical reduction at 500 µM (16.8 ± 6.7 µm/s) compared to the control (54.9 ± 17.9 µm/s). Fertility decline was observed at one-hour exposure to PFOA concentrations equal to or greater than 300 µM. In contrast, 12-hour exposure to 10 and 50 µM PFOA resulted in significant differences in oocyte diameter, yolk sac area, and heart rate compared to the control. The results showed that PFOA exposure causes harmful effects on the early developmental stages of P. magdalenae, posing a potential risk to fertility and reproductive success in wild populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating machine learning and nano-QSAR models to predict the oxidative stress potential caused by single and mixed carbon nanomaterials in algal cells.","authors":"Qi Qi, Zhuang Wang","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgae049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgae049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In silico methods are increasingly important in predicting the ecotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), encompassing both individual and mixture toxicity predictions. It is widely recognized that ENMs trigger oxidative stress effects by generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), serving as a key mechanism in their cytotoxicity studies. However, existing in silico methods still face significant challenges in predicting the oxidative stress effects induced by ENMs. Herein, we utilized laboratory-derived toxicity data and machine learning methods to develop quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship (nano-QSAR) classification and regression models, aiming to predict the oxidative stress effects of five carbon nanomaterials (fullerene, graphene, graphene oxide, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) and their binary mixtures on Scenedesmus obliquus cells. We constructed five nano-QSAR classification models by combining zeta potential (ζP) with the C4.5 decision tree, support vector machine, artificial neural network, naive Bayes, and K-nearest neighbor algorithms. Moreover, we constructed three classification models by integrating the features including ζP, hydrodynamic diameter (DH), and specific surface area (SSA) with the logistic regression, random forest, and Adaboost algorithms. The Accuracy, Recall, Precision and harmonic mean of Precision and Recall (F1-score) values of these models were all higher than 0.600, indicating an excellent performance in distinguishing whether CNMs have the potential to generate ROS. In addition, using the ζP, DH, and SSA descriptors, we combined decision tree regression, random forest regression, gradient boosting, and the Adaboost algorithm, and successfully constructed four nano-QSAR regression models with applicable application domains (all training and testing data points lie within 95% confidence intervals), goodness-of-fit (Rtrain2 ≥ 0.850), and robustness (cross-validation R2 ≥ 0.650) as well as predictive power (Rtest2 ≥ 0.610). The method developed would establish a fundamental basis for more precise evaluations of ecological risks posed by these materials from a mechanistic standpoint.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2535-2544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining effects of a novel estrogenic perfluoro-alcohol, 1H,1H,8H,8H-Perfluorooctane-1,8-diol (FC8-diol), using the fathead minnow EcoToxChip.","authors":"Kelvin J Santana Rodriguez, Daniel L Villeneuve, Jenna E Cavallin, Brett R Blackwell, John Hoang, Rachel N Hofer, Kathleen M Jensen, Michael D Kahl, Robin N Kutsi, Emma Stacy, Mackenzie L Morshead, Gerald T Ankley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5937","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a previous in vivo study, adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed via water for 4 days to 1H,1H,8H,8H-perfluorooctane-1,8-diol (FC8-diol). The present study expands on the evaluation of molecular responses to this perfluoro-alcohol by analyzing 26 male fathead minnow liver RNA samples from that study (five from each test concentration: 0, 0.018, 0.051, 0.171, and 0.463 mg FC8-diol/L) using fathead minnow EcoToxChips Ver. 1.0. EcoToxChips are a quantitative polymerase chain reaction array that allows for simultaneous measurement of >375 species-specific genes of toxicological interest. Data were analyzed with the online tool EcoToxXplorer. Among the genes analyzed, 62 and 96 were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, by one or more FC8-diol treatments. Gene expression results from the previous study were validated, showing an upregulation of vitellogenin mRNA (vtg) and downregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 mRNA (igf1). Additional genes related to estrogen receptor activation including esr2a (estrogen receptor 2a) and esrrb (estrogen related receptor beta) were also affected, providing further confirmation of the estrogenic nature of FC8-diol. Furthermore, genes involved in biological pathways related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, innate immune response, endocrine reproduction, and endocrine thyroid were significantly affected. These results both add confidence in the use of the EcoToxChip tool for inferring chemical mode(s) of action and provide further insights into the possible biological effects of FC8-diol.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2503-2510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}