Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and Uptake Kinetics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Pimephales promelas.","authors":"Jaylen L Sims, Alexander R Cole, Christopher Schmokel, Sujin Kim, Kevin M Stroski, Ricardo Ehalt, Matt F Simcik, Bryan W Brooks","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the ubiquitous contamination of water resources by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), there has been growing interest in understanding the disposition of PFAS in the environment. However, bioaccumulation dynamics remain poorly understood for many substances within this group of chemicals, and kinetic-based information is limited, particularly for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), a common ecotoxicology model that is not commonly utilized during bioaccumulation studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine uptake of 19 PFAS by adult fathead minnows over 7 days at levels that did not elicit standardized adverse effects. A PFAS mixture consisting of short and long chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), a sulfonamide, and fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTSAs) was employed using an exposure system simulating groundwater introduction to surface waters. Water, whole-body tissue, and plasma were collected at multiple timepoints, and samples were analyzed via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Uptake kinetics were estimated for each PFAS with non-linear regressions for both tissue and plasma. Increasing PFAS concentrations were observed with increasing chain length in tissue and plasma for both PFCAs and PFSAs. Ratio-based bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and blood-water partitioning coefficients (PBW) were estimated, with steady-state BAFs and PBWs up to 26.6 L/kg and 85.8, respectively, for PFOA. We also estimated apparent volume of distribution (VD) to examine the distribution of PFAS in fish. VD estimates were typically below 1 L/kg, indicating PFAS were more distributed in plasma than tissue, and for both PFCAs and PFSAs, VD estimates generally decreased with increasing chain length. Our findings contribute to improving a predictive understanding of PFAS bioaccumulation in a common fish model.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of organic and inorganic contaminants and their mixtures on metabolic health and gene expression in developmentally exposed zebrafish.","authors":"Roxanne Bérubé, Matthew K LeFauve, Aicha Khalaf, Darya Aminioroomi, Christopher D Kassotis","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic and inorganic chemicals co-occur in household dust, and these chemicals have been determined to have endocrine and metabolic disrupting effects. While there is increasing study of chemical mixtures, the effects of complex mixtures mimicking household dust and other environmental matrices have not been well studied and their potential metabolism disrupting effects are thus poorly understood. Previous research has demonstrated high potency adipogenic effects of residential household dust extracts using in vitro adipogenesis assays. More recent research simplified this to a mixture relevant to household dust and comprised of common co-occurring organic and inorganic contaminants, finding that these complex combinations often exhibited additive or even synergistic effects in cell models. This study aimed to translate our previous in vitro observation to an in vivo model, the developing zebrafish, to evaluate the metabolic effects of early exposure to organic and inorganic chemicals, individually and in mixtures. Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 1 day post fertilization (dpf) to 6 dpf, then metabolic energy expenditure, swimming behavior and gene expression were measured. Globally, we observed that most mixtures did not reflect the effects of individual chemicals; the BFR mixture produced a less potent effect when compared to the individual chemicals, while the PFAS and the inorganic mixtures seemed to have a more potent effect than the individual chemicals. Finally, the environmental mixture, mimicking household dust proportions, was less potent than the inorganic chemical mix alone. Additional work is necessary to better understand the mixture effect of inorganic and organic chemicals combined.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Cotton and Polyester Microfibers Leads to Different Fatty Acid Profiles and Chemical Contaminants (PBDE) Concentrations in Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).","authors":"L M Erdle, K Stevack, C Parzanini, M T Arts, C M Rochman","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic and non-synthetic microfibers are found in habitats and wildlife globally. Yet, it remains unclear whether different microfiber types affect fish or increase bioaccumulation of sorbed persistent organic pollutants (POPs). To better understand microfiber effects in fish, we tested different microfiber types (cotton and polyester), and to examine microfibers as a vector of chemicals we tested them with and without chemical mixtures (clean microfibers and microfibers exposed to treated wastewater effluent). The effects on survival, growth, condition indices, and fatty acids, along with bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were assessed in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were exposed through their diet to ∼100 microfibers/d for 28 d. Fatty acid contents varied between fish exposed to cotton and polyester microfibers (p < 0.05), but the magnitude of these differences were small and not different when compared to control fish. However, fish that were exposed to microfibers with treated wastewater had significantly lower n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratios compared to fish exposed to microfibers without wastewater (regardless of material type), suggesting higher inflammation and stress levels in treatments with microfibers exposed to wastewater. Finally, fish fed cotton microfibers showed higher concentrations of nona-BDEs. Our research suggests that environmentally relevant concentrations of microfibers cause minimal differences in PBDE concentrations and essential fatty acids, although material type may play a role in chemical bioavailability, especially for cotton. Further, our findings confirm that non-synthetic microfibers (e.g., cotton), show impacts in biota. We thus conclude that microfibers broadly, should be considered as potentially carrying having their own unique suites of contaminants, instead of purely focusing on plastic microfibers in research and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pyraclostrobin and fipronil on spore germination of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in subtropical soil.","authors":"Eduardo Oliveira da Silva Lunardi, Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira-Filho, Aline de Liz Ronsani, Osmar Klauberg-Filho","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) are soil organisms that contribute to essential ecosystem services, such as carbon cycling and improving plant nutrition. The growing interest in using them as risk indicators in ecological risk assessments of pesticides has motivated researchers to improve existing ecotoxicological methods. In Brazil, data regarding the effects of pesticides on AMF in natural soils is scarce. We aimed, through this work, to evaluate the effect of a fungicide based on the active ingredient (a.i.) pyraclostrobin (0; 2.5; 5; 10; 25; 50; 100 mg kg-  1) and a commercial insecticide based on fipronil (0; 25; 50; 100; 250; 500; 750 mg kg-  1) on the spore germination of Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora albida, and Gigaspora margarita, in tests conducted in a Red Oxisol. The results demonstrated that pyraclostrobin negatively affected all species tested, with G. albida being the most sensitive (IC50: 61.23 mg kg-  1). The insecticide fipronil reduced spore germination of R. clarus and G. margarita, with no observed effects on G. albida. Considering the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) estimated of 0.27 mg kg-  1 for pyraclostrobin and 0.033 mg kg-  1 for fipronil, the lowest toxicity-exposure ratio (TER) calculated was 226.8 for pyraclostrobin in G. albida. The magnitude of the TERs suggests that the risk of the substances for the tested species spore germination may be minimal under field conditions in Brazilian Oxisols. Different response trends observed between species also reinforces potential specie-specific pesticide-AMF relationships. Overall, the use of a natural soil in ecotoxicological tests increases ecological relevance of the data and could be used as a further step for Tier I tests with culture media or artificial soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on New Approach Methods (NAMs) in Ecotoxicology.","authors":"Niladri Basu, Dries Knapen, Carlie LaLone, Dan Villeneuve","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of microcystins and anatoxins on lettuce growth, hormone metabolism and safety.","authors":"Shuxin Dai, Xudong Ma, Chanjuan Liang","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Harmful algal blooms lead to coexistence of microcystins and anatoxins in irrigation water, and the potential risk caused by their coexistence is unknown. To assess the impact of the two cyanotoxins on plant growth and food safety, we used lettuce exposed to single microcystins (0.5, 1, 5, 20, 50 and 100 µg·L-1), single anatoxins (0.5, 1, 5, 20, 50 and 100 µg·L-1) and their combination (0.5 + 0.5, 1 + 1, 5 + 5, 20 + 20, 50 + 50 and 100 + 100 µg·L-1) to compare its growth, hormone metabolism as well as cyanotoxin accumulation. Low concentration single and combination of the two cyanotoxins (0.5 to 20 µg·L-1) increased lettuce growth whereas higher concentration (100 µg·L-1) decreased lettuce growth (P < 0.05). In addition, the increase or decrease in growth caused by the combination of two cyanotoxins was lower than that caused by single microcystins or anatoxins, showing antagonistic effect. The antagonistic effect was also shown on levels of indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid, mainly resulted from regulating activities of tryptophan decarboxylase, tryptophan aminotransferase and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase in synthesis pathways and activities of indoleacetic acid oxidase and ABA 8'-hydroxylase in catabolism pathways. Meanwhile, it was also related to keeping the balance of conjugates including indoleacetic acid-aspartate and abscisic acid glucose ester. Moreover, lettuce treated with single microcystins or combination at moderate and high concentrations (20, 50 and 100 µg·L-1) had potential health risk although the coexistence of two cyanotoxins could lower their accumulation in lettuce. Therefore, the ecological risk assessment of the two cyanotoxins should consider agricultural productivity and food safety simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Hyalella azteca Bioconcentration Test (HYBIT) currently fit for purpose?","authors":"Markus Brinkmann, Michelle Embry, Pippa Curtis-Jackson, Heike Laue, Marco E Franco, Kristin Schirmer, Gordon Sanders, Karla M Johanning","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Drainage Infrastructure and Land Use on Microplastic Contamination in Urban Watersheds.","authors":"Brittanie L Dabney, Donna R Kashian","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stormwater runoff is a significant source of microplastics (MP) contamination in tributaries. However, the role of drainage infrastructure (e.g. surface drains and pipes) and land use in the transport of MPs into freshwater systems is largely unknown. Here we quantify and compare microplastic concentrations deposited below surface drains and pipe stormwater outfalls in two distinct urban watersheds: one characterized by agricultural and forested land cover, and the other dominated by residential and commercial development. We compared MP morphologies and abundances upstream and downstream of 20 stormwater outfalls to determine the influence of outfall type on MP accumulation. Three surface water and sediment samples were collected at each sampling location, along with measurements of chemical and physical water quality parameters. Microplastics were identified using Nile Red staining, a rapid and effective screening technique suitable for large-scale environmental assessments while minimizing resource-intensive analyses. Fragments were the most abundant MP morphology and were the primary form driving differences in total MP concentrations among the sites. Flow velocity had the greatest impact on plastic concentrations in the sediment, and the accumulation of microplastics in surface water increased as water depth decreased. The highest MP concentrations were found at pipe outfalls in both surface water and sediment compared to surface drains. The watershed with more agricultural and forested landcover had higher MP concentrations downstream of both types of drainage infrastructure compared to the more developed urban watersheds. These findings highlight the importance of considering both land use characteristics and drainage infrastructure when assessing MP input into freshwater systems, providing valuable insights for decision-making on monitoring, retention, and remediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-weighted conversion of acute to chronic equivalent endpoints for derivation of chronic ecotoxicity threshold values of six neonicotinoids in freshwater.","authors":"Carly Beggs, Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Sara Ghorbani Gorji, Kevin V Thomas, Sarit L Kaserzon","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonicotinoid insecticides pose a risk to aquatic invertebrates through their unique selective mode of action and time-cumulative toxicity. Ecotoxicity threshold values (ETVs) are guideline water concentrations for chemical toxicants, concentrations above which represent an unacceptable risk to aquatic environments. Currently, there are no ETVs for neonicotinoids endorsed for use in Australia, mainly due to a lack of suitable chronic ecotoxicity data. Furthermore, the current method for the conversion of acute to chronic equivalent ecotoxicity data using an acute to chronic ratio (ACR) is inappropriate for use on neonicotinoids due to their time-cumulative toxicity. The aim of this study is to derive chronic ETVs for the protection of 80, 90, 95 and 99% of aquatic species for six neonicotinoids approved for agricultural use in Australia. This is achieved using a novel time-weighted log-log linear regression scaling method for the conversion of acute ecotoxicity data to their 28-day chronic equivalent, coupled with the most recent developments in species sensitivity distributions (SSD) modelling, including model averaging. Ecotoxicity threshold values for six neonicotinoids were derived from compound specific data sets, comprised of 22-44 individual species' ecotoxicity endpoint data. Chronic data made up approx. 29% of the data, the remaining 71% was comprised of 28-day chronic equivalent (ie, acute converted) ecotoxicity data. Aquatic species were most sensitive to thiacloprid (95% ETV = 0.031 μg L-1), acetamiprid (95% ETV = 0.055 μg L-1) and imidacloprid (95% ETV = 0.109 μg L-1), followed by clothianidin (95% ETV = 0.303 μg L-1) and least sensitive to thiamethoxam (95% ETV = 0.566 μg L-1) and dinotefuran (95% ETV = 0.655 μg L-1). Compared to the ACR method of converting the same acute to chronic equivalent ecotoxicity endpoints, the ETVs derived here using the time-weighted 28-day chronic equivalent method were within 40-200% of the ETVs derived using the more traditional ACR approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-species tests fall short: broadening toxicity assessments of organic UV filters on marine microalgae.","authors":"Fanny Clergeaud, Evane Thorel, Philippe Lebaron, Maeva Giraudo","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sunscreen products, essential for photoprotection, introduce organic UV filters into aquatic environments, raising concerns about their ecotoxicological impacts. This study evaluates the sensitivity of seven marine microalgae species spanning diverse taxonomic groups to six organic UV filters (benzophenone-3, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, ethylhexyl triazone, homosalate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, and octocrylene). Growth rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence were analyzed after 72 h exposures at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1,000 µg/L. Growth rate revealed to be the most sensitive indicator, with significant interspecies variability in response to UV filters. Results revealed that Tisochrysis lutea exhibited better sensitivity compared to the commonly used Phaeodactylum tricornutum, which demonstrated low sensitivity across endpoints. Among UV filters, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate and homosalate were the most toxic, significantly affecting growth and fluorescence in multiple species. Interestingly, growth inhibition often coincided with increased fluorescence, suggesting species-specific compensatory mechanisms. These findings underscore the limitations of relying solely on P. tricornutum in standardized toxicity tests and advocate for the inclusion of sensitive species to improve ecological relevance. Integrating growth and fluorescence metrics in high-throughput assays could advance risk assessment methodologies for emerging contaminants like UV filters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}