European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Investigational antibiotic cefepime/zidebactam as a therapeutic option for the treatment of an unyielding empyema in a paediatric patient caused by extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a case report.","authors":"Vishnu Rao Polati, Santosh Gattu, Venkata Nagarjuna Maturu, P Swati Prakasham, Maryam Maqsood","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05106-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05106-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Treatment option for the infections caused by MBL-producing P. aeruginosa is severely limited. Cefepime/zidebactam (WCK 5222) is a novel β-lactam/ β-lactam-enhancer combination, currently in global Phase 3 clinical development. It is reported to show a broad-spectrum in vitro activity and translational efficacy in non-clinical PK/PD models against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including MBL-producing P. aeruginosa. We present a case of a 13-year-old girl, suffering from tuberculosis with a refractory lung empyema caused by NDM-producing, XDR P. aeruginosa who did not respond to several rounds of colistin or aztreonam plus ceftazidime/avibactam therapies albeit effective source control, over 4 months period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The infecting organism was found to be susceptible to cefepime/zidebactam. After obtaining informed consent and necessary approvals, the patient was treated under compassionate ground.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was treated with adult dose regimen of cefepime/zidebactam (due to higher body weight) for 21 days that led to clinical and microbiological cure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights both severity of the antimicrobial resistance and hope offered by an under-trial novel antibiotic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1349-1355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: 'Catheter replacement in catheter-associated urinary tract infection: current state of evidence' by Westgeest et al.","authors":"Jodie Langbeen, Frederik Van Hoecke, Veroniek Saegeman, Dana Van Kerkhoven, Hilde Jansens, Nicole Depont, Dirk Vogelaers","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05089-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05089-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1531-1532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological aspects of infective endocarditis in Türkiye.","authors":"Elif M Saricaoglu, Seniha Basaran, Derya Seyman, Merve Arslan, Serpil Ozkan-Ozturk, Yasemin Tezer-Tekce, Yesim Uygun-Kizmaz, Nuran Sari, Denef Berzeg-Deniz, Alpay Azap, Serap Simsek-Yavuz, Ozlem Kurt-Azap","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05095-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05095-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Infective endocarditis (IE) is a evolving disease with a shifting epidemiology and disease burden over time. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological and clinical aspects of IE over three time periods across eleven years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort, multicenter study conducted in Türkiye, comparing three periods: 2013-2016, 2017-2020, and 2021-2023. Epidemiological and microbiological characteristics, as well as patient outcomes, were analyzed and compared across these periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,044 patients diagnosed with IE were included. The median (Q1-Q3) age was 57 (44-68) years, with an increasing pattern (p < 0.001). Throughout the study period, the prevalence of intracardiac devices increased, whereas the prevalence of degenerative and congenital heart diseases declined. Among all patients, the most frequently identified pathogens were staphylococci (36.4%), followed by streptococci (14.0%) and enterococci (11.9%). Throughout the three periods, there was a significant increase in staphylococci, with S. aureus emerging as the predominant pathogen in all type IE. The in-hospital mortality rate among all patients was 22.5%. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality included ≥ 65 age(OR = 1.9), chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.9), nosocomial acquisition (OR = 2.1), Candida spp. infection (OR = 2.9), prosthetic valve IE (OR = 1.9), vegetation size > 15 mm (OR = 1.6), and central nervous system emboli (OR = 2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The epidemiology of IE is undergoing significant changes, leading to shifts in microbiological profiles and clinical presentations. Effective management of IE should be guided by established clinical guidelines while integrating up-to-date epidemiological data to ensure comprehensive and evidence-based patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1325-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large DNA fragment ISEc9-mediated transposition during natural transformation allows interspecies dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes.","authors":"Sara Domingues, Tiago Lima, Corentin Escobar, Julie Plantade, Xavier Charpentier, Gabriela Jorge da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05113-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05113-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health challenge, contributing to a lack of effective therapeutic agents, especially against Gram-negative bacteria. Resistance dissemination is accelerated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms. The extended-spectrum beta lactamases CTX-M confer resistance to several beta-lactams, are usually embedded into plasmids and thought to be mainly disseminated by conjugation. However, an increasing number of isolates carry these enzyme-encoding genes in the chromosome, suggesting that they can spread by other means of HGT. In this study, we aimed to test the involvement of natural transformation in the chromosomal acquisition of a bla_CTX-M gene.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Natural transformation assays were performed during motility on wet surfaces. Acquisition of foreign DNA by transformants was screened by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) and whole genome sequencing (WGS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acinetobacter baumannii A118, a naturally competent clinical strain, was transformed with naked DNA from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Sal25, which was isolated from swine meat. The transformation occurred at low frequency (2.7 × 10^- 8 ± 2.04 × 10^- 8 transformants per recipient) and bla_CTX-M was acquired in one transformant, which was named ACI. WGS of the transformant revealed the acquisition of the bla_CTX-M-32 as part of a ca. 36 Kb DNA fragment through an ISEc9-mediated transposition event; various mobile genetic elements and other resistance genes were co-transferred. The bla_CTX-M-32 gene was subsequently transferred within A. baumannii at a higher frequency (1.8 × 10^- 6 ± 2.49 × 10^- 6 transformants per recipient).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results highlight the importance of natural transformation events in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements between and within species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1417-1424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of a novel MBT LipidART module (Bruker Daltonics) for detection of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.","authors":"Julija Germ, Mateja Pirs","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05099-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05099-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the MBT LipidART module on a MALDI Biotyper® Sirius System (Bruker Daltonics) for the rapid detection of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli (EC) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) by analysing lipid A profiles in negative ion mode. Categorical agreement was achieved for 98.3% EC (N = 58) and 85.0% KPN (N = 40). Challenges included calibration difficulties, limited availability of compatible equipment and issues with mucoid and adherent KPN isolates that yielded invalid results. While MBT LipidART module shows promise as a rapid tool for detection of colistin resistance, its performance was notably better for EC compared to KPN.</p>","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1501-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and associated factors of macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shuo Yang, Xinying Liu, Yaowei Han, Huizhe Wang, Yunzheng Mei, Haokai Wang, Na Zhang, Yingying Peng, Xinmin Li","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05101-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05101-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recent years, the incidence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) pneumonia has markedly increased across East Asia, especially in China, Japan, and South Korea, presenting considerable challenges for clinical management. We systematically reviewed and conducted a meta-analysis on the resistance rate, clinical characteristics, and associated factors of MRMP, thereby establishing a foundation for early clinical identification and optimization of treatment strategies. In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines, six databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were systematically searched for relevant literature up to October 31, 2024. Studies explicitly reporting the clinical characteristics of both MRMP and macrolide-sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MSMP) pneumonia patients were included, with the population restricted to children. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), along with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using inverse-variance weighting. A significance threshold was set at p &lt; 0.05, and meta-analysis was performed using software such as RevMan, Stata, and R Studio. A total of 65 studies encompassing 20,141 patients were included in this analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that MRMP showed high resistance in East Asia compared to lower resistance in other regions. The overall resistance rate was 61% (95% CI: 54%, 68%), exhibiting notable regional variation. Elevated resistance rates were noted in East Asian countries, specifically China, Japan, and South Korea, reported at 68% (95% CI: 63%, 73%), 61% (95% CI: 43%, 80%), and 63% (95% CI: 42%, 85%), respectively. MRMP resistance was significantly associated with prolonged fever duration (MD: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.84), extended hospitalization (MD: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.54), elevated log MP-DNA levels (MD: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.54, 4.04), increased proportions of severe (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.44) cases and refractory (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.47, 7.17) cases, and the occurrence of complications, particularly intrapulmonary manifestations including pulmonary consolidations (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.78), pleural effusions (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.49), lobar lesions (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.00), mucus plugs (OR: 4.63, 95% CI: 1.66, 12.94), and necrotizing pneumonia (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.24), alongside extrapulmonary involvement (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 2.49, 3.82). No significant differences were observed in peak body temperature (MD: 0.05, 95% CI: -0.11, 0.20) or inflammatory markers including white blood cell count (WBC, MD: 0.28, 95% CI: -0.38, 0.94), C-reactive protein (CRP, MD: 0.71, 95% CI: -2.16, 3.58), Procalcitonin (PCT, MD: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.27, 0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, MD: 3.80, 95% CI: -22.92, 30.52). The high resistance rate may be associated with environmental pressure stemming from the widespread use of macrolide antibiotics and increased genetic mutations due to the extensive spre","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1505-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam use in hematology patients: single-center experience.","authors":"Aysun Halacoglu, Mustafa Koroglu, Mehmet Ozen","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05107-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of the cephalosporin/ beta lactamase inhibitor combination ceftazidime-avibactam in hematology patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or receiving chemotherapy alone.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, 80 patients who were followed up in the Stem Cell Transplant Center and Hematology Clinic of Istinye University Gaziosmanpaşa Medicalpark Hospital between June 2022 and May 2024 and who received ceftazidime-avibactam treatment for at least 3 days during their hospitalization were evaluated. Demographic characteristics, infectious processes, duration of hospitalization before culture, neutrophil levels and neutropenia duration at the time of treatment initiation, previous antibiotic exposure, Charlson's Comorbidity index, mechanical ventilation needs and mortality rates were recorded retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the patients, 25 (31.25%) were female and 55 (68.75%) were male. The mean age was 50 years (18-86). Thirty-four (42.5%) patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 17 (21.25%) patients received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Only 29 (36.25%) patients received chemotherapy. When ceftazidime-avibactam treatment was initiated, 42 (52.5%) patients had a neutrophil count < 0.1 × 10⁹/L. Charlson's Comorbidity Index was ≥ 3 in 71 (88.75%) patients. Forty-six (57.5%) patients died in the first 28 days after the onset of infection. In multivariate analysis showed that mean age (HR 1.71, CI 1.07-3.05; p = 0.012), pneumonia and need for mechanical ventilation (HR 1.91, CI 1.83-1.98; p = 0.001), clinical improvement status in the first 14 days (HR 1.02, CI 0.97-1.08; p = 0.001) and duration of neutropenia (HR 2.67, CI 2.26-3.08; p = 0.019) were independent risk factors associated with 28-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mortality due to resistant microorganisms is high in hematologic patients during stem cell transplantation and non-transplant period. Age, pneumonia and need for mechanical ventilation and duration of neutropenia are the most important mortality indicators in hematologic patients. Ceftazidime-avibactam is an effective treatment option in appropriate patients and the clinical response will be better if it can be started before the need for mechanical ventilation develops.</p>","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1335-1339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a point-of-care test for the simultaneous detection of respiratory syncytial virus and IL-33 as a disease biomarker in children.","authors":"Felipe A Cancino, Daniela Moreno-Tapia, Mariana Ríos, Yaneisi Vázquez, Ana María Contreras, Marcela Ferrés, Dona Benadof, Ana María Guzmán, Francisca Valdivieso, Mauricio Farfán, Eduardo Espejo, Angélica Domínguez, Pablo J Bertrand, Valentina Gutiérrez, Hernán F Peñaloza, Pablo A González, Alexis M Kalergis, Susan M Bueno","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05104-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05104-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory disease in children under 5 years of age. hRSV infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and represents a substantial economic burden for public health systems worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective patient management, but current diagnostic tools, such as RT-qPCR, require specialized equipment and personnel. Further, currently available methods do not provide information regarding the prognosis of the disease caused by hRSV. Given this scenario, we aimed at generating and pre-validating a new rapid diagnosis test based on an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) to be used as a point-of-care (POC) test capable of simultaneously detecting the phosphoprotein P of hRSV (P-hRSV) and a biomarker of disease severity, interleukin-33 (IL-33) in nasal swabs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Monoclonal antibodies against P-hRSV and IL-33 were produced and incorporated into an ICS. The 20-min rapid diagnostic test was evaluated and validated with recombinant proteins, virus-infected cells, viral dilutions, and hRSV-positive and negative clinical samples. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ICS detected 103 pg of P-hRSV and as low as 187 PFUs of hRSV. Regarding recombinant IL-33, the ICS detected as low as 780 pg. The test strip exhibited high specificity, distinguishing hRSV from other respiratory viruses, including influenza and human metapneumovirus. Additionally, IL-33 was detected in some non-RSV infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data obtained supports the feasibility of a combined rapid test detecting simultaneously hRSV and IL-33, which can be useful as a POC test for screening severe cases of hRSV in primary care settings and emergency rooms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1405-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global trends in staphylococcus aureus-related lower respiratory infections from 1990 to 2021: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease report.","authors":"Hong Chen, Shuang Song, Rui Cui, Yong-Wang Feng, Peng Ge","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05111-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05111-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) represent a significant global health issue, especially affecting low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we explored the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with Staphylococcus aureus-related LRIs from 1990 to 2021, highlighting trends by age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Temporal trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) for S. aureus-related LRIs were analyzed based on the average annual percent change (AAPC), in terms of sex, 20-age groups, 21 regions, 204 countries, and 5 SDI quintiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, S. aureus-related LRIs contributed to 423,837 deaths (95% UI: 382,183-458,926), a 67.56% increase since 1990. In comparison, the global ASMR was 5.43 per 100,000 (95% UI: 4.89-5.90), and the ASDR was 156.80 per 100,000 (95% UI: 139.44-176.08), both exhibiting a declining trend compared to 1990. Rates were higher in low SDI regions, with Central Sub-Saharan Africa reporting the highest ASMR, while Eastern Europe had the lowest. Among the 204 countries analyzed, Zimbabwe recorded high ASMR and ASDR, at 24.84 (95% UI: 19.44-30.16) and 754.34 (95% UI: 591.05-923.06), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the global ASMR and ASDR decreased in 2021, the number of deaths from S. aureus-related LRIs significantly increased driven by the growing population and proportion of aged individuals. Additionally, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has made treatment more complex, particularly in low SDI regions, highlighting the urgent need for more targeted strategies, therapies, and vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1455-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of historical landmarks and pioneering technologies for the diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV).","authors":"Kajal Sharma, Meesala Krishna Murthy","doi":"10.1007/s10096-025-05110-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10096-025-05110-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the progress of hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection to chronic liver disease and finally cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, HCV infection has become a worldwide challenge to public health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The progression from liver biopsy and antibody based test to the current time in the advancements in HCV diagnostic method is reviewed in this analysis with detailed discussion of enzyme immunoassay (EIAs), nucleic acid tests (NATs) and genotyping in enhancing accuracy of HCV detection. Next generation sequencing (NGS) and point of care testing (POCT) provided fast and economical diagnostic solutions. However, as promising diagnostic tools, Artificial Intelligence (AI) as well as Machine Learning (ML) can only be used in well-resourced environments, whereas Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are advantageous for low and middle income countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review discusses some of the future challenges that face lowering of diagnostic costs in low resource settings and promoting early detection, some of which can be addressed by microfluidic platforms. Research in this area is far from over, and past and ongoing research has tremendous potential to access new technology for a myriad of purposes in the course of HCV control and global HCV elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":11782,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1289-1303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}