EpigeneticsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2437272
Yu Liang, Yongbo Wang, Jia Tan, Jingxuan Shu, Ya Xu, Mingyuan Wang, Shengjun Yang, Linna Ma
{"title":"Homocysteine affects macrophage polarization by altering m6A methylation of scavenger receptors CD209 and CD163L1.","authors":"Yu Liang, Yongbo Wang, Jia Tan, Jingxuan Shu, Ya Xu, Mingyuan Wang, Shengjun Yang, Linna Ma","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2437272","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2437272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by fatty plaque deposits on artery walls. Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels are an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Research on the mechanism by which Hcy promotes atherosclerosis has gradually turned to epigenetic inheritance, but the correlation between Hcy and m6A (N6-methyladenosine) modification has not been reported. In this study, MeRIP-seq was performed on macrophages and Hcy-treated macrophages. GO and KEGG analyses were used to perform functional analysis of differentially methylated genes. qRT-PCR and western blot were taken to determine the expression of CD209, CD163L1, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory factors. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of M2 macrophages. The results showed that after Hcy treatment, the overall m6A methylation of macrophages was down-regulated, and 856 differential methylation peaks were annotated to 781 genes. These included CD209 and CD163L1, whose m6A methylation was inhibited after treatment with Hcy. In addition, mRNA and protein expressions of CD209 and CD163L1 were also inhibited after Hcy treatment. Overexpression of CD209 or CD163L1 prevents the Hcy-induced decrease in the proportion of M2 macrophages. This article identified changes in the modification level of m6A in macrophages by Hcy and revealed the possible mechanism by which Hcy induces macrophage polarization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2437272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MK-801-exposure induces increased translation efficiency and mRNA hyperacetylation of <i>Grin2a</i> in the mouse prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Liting Xue, Jialu Zhao, Xu Liu, Tian Zhao, Ying Zhang, Haihong Ye","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2417158","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2417158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute exposure to MK-801, the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, induces schizophrenia-like behavioural changes in juvenile male mice. However, the effects of acute MK-801 exposure on brain gene expression at the translation level remain unclear. Here, we conducted ribosome profiling analysis on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of acute MK-801-exposed juvenile male mice. We found 357 differentially translated genes, with the <i>N</i><sup>4</sup>-acetylcytidine (ac<sup>4</sup>C) consensus motif enriched in the transcripts with increased translation efficiency. Acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed 148 differentially acetylated peaks, of which 121 were hyperacetylated, and 27 were hypoacetylated. Genes harbouring these peaks were enriched in pathways related to axon guidance, Hedgehog signalling pathway, neuron differentiation, and memory. <i>Grin2a</i> encodes an NMDA receptor subunit NMDAR2A, and its human orthologue is a strong susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. <i>Grin2a</i> mRNA was hyperacetylated and exhibited significantly increased translation efficiency. NMDAR2A protein level was increased in MK-801-exposed PFC. Pretreatment of Remodelin, an inhibitor of <i>N</i>-acetyltransferase 10, returned the NMDAR2A protein levels to normal and partially reversed schizophrenia-like behaviours of MK-801-exposed mice, shedding light on the possible role of mRNA acetylation in the aetiology of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2417158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpigeneticsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-08DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2427999
Christopher R Beam, Kelly M Bakulski, Ebrahim Zandi, Eric Turkheimer, Morgan Lynch, Alaina I Gold, Thalida Em Arpawong, Sophie A Bell, Alyssa C Kam, Jonathan Becker, Deborah Winders Davis
{"title":"Epigenome-wide association study of loneliness in a sample of U.S. middle-aged twins.","authors":"Christopher R Beam, Kelly M Bakulski, Ebrahim Zandi, Eric Turkheimer, Morgan Lynch, Alaina I Gold, Thalida Em Arpawong, Sophie A Bell, Alyssa C Kam, Jonathan Becker, Deborah Winders Davis","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2427999","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2427999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loneliness is a complex human trait that is highly polygenic and found to affect gene expression related to inflammatory and immunological functioning. To date, no epigenome-wide association studies of loneliness have tested whether differentially methylated sites are annotated to genes associated with inflammatory and immunological processes. Using 281 individual adult twins' DNA methylation data from the Louisville Twin Study, we performed an epigenome-wide analysis of loneliness to address this gap in the literature. In the discovery analysis, 169 twins were used to prioritize probes and test associations with DNA methylation age acceleration, and 56 independent monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (112 individuals) were used in a within-family replication analysis. Among the 837,274 sites analyzed, no probe sites were statistically significant at the genome-wide level (<i>p</i> < 5.97 × 10<sup>-8</sup>), but 25 suggestive sites (<i>p</i> < 5 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) were annotated to genes related to various biological processes, including inflammatory response and protein-binding functions that extend prior findings. The nominal associations at these suggestive probe sites were highly correlated (<i>r</i> = .72) between the discovery sample and the MZ pair replication sample. Finally, loneliness significantly correlated with the DunedinPACE DNA methylation measure, suggesting that higher levels of loneliness were associated with accelerated epigenetic age as quantified by a measure that indexes longitudinal changes across multiple organ systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2427999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpigeneticsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2298057
Allan Andersen, Emily Milefchik, Emma Papworth, Brandan Penaluna, Kelsey Dawes, Joanna Moody, Gracie Weeks, Ellyse Froehlich, Kaitlyn deBlois, Jeffrey D Long, Robert Philibert
{"title":"<i>ZSCAN25</i> methylation predicts seizures and severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome.","authors":"Allan Andersen, Emily Milefchik, Emma Papworth, Brandan Penaluna, Kelsey Dawes, Joanna Moody, Gracie Weeks, Ellyse Froehlich, Kaitlyn deBlois, Jeffrey D Long, Robert Philibert","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2023.2298057","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2023.2298057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, clinicians use their judgement and indices such as the Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Scale (PAWSS) to determine whether patients are admitted to hospitals for consideration of withdrawal syndrome (AWS). However, only a fraction of those admitted will experience severe AWS. Previously, we and others have shown that epigenetic indices, such as the Alcohol T-Score (ATS), can quantify recent alcohol consumption. However, whether these or other alcohol biomarkers, such as carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), could identify those at risk for severe AWS is unknown. To determine this, we first conducted genome-wide DNA methylation analyses of subjects entering and exiting alcohol treatment to identify loci whose methylation quickly reverted as a function of abstinence. We then tested whether methylation at a rapidly reverting locus, cg07375256, or other existing metrics including PAWSS scores, CDT levels, or ATS, could predict outcome in 125 subjects admitted for consideration of AWS. We found that PAWSS did not significantly predict severe AWS nor seizures. However, methylation at cg07375256 (<i>ZSCAN25</i>) and CDT strongly predicted severe AWS with ATS (<i>p</i> < 0.007) and cg07375256 (<i>p</i> < 6 × 10-5) methylation also predicting AWS associated seizures. We conclude that epigenetic methods can predict those likely to experience severe AWS and that the use of these or similar Precision Epigenetic approaches could better guide AWS management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2298057"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10766392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139080447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A promising application of kidney-specific cell-free DNA methylation markers in real-time monitoring sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.","authors":"Ruilian You, Xiangming Quan, Peng Xia, Chao Zhang, Anlei Liu, Hanshu Liu, Ling Yang, Huadong Zhu, Limeng Chen","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2408146","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2408146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI) is a common clinical syndrome that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Effective timely detection may improve the outcome of SI-AKI. Kidney-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may provide new insight into understanding and identifying SI-AKI. Plasma cfDNA from 82 healthy individuals, 7 patients with sepsis non-acute kidney injury (SN-AKI), and 9 patients with SI-AKI was subjected to genomic methylation sequencing. We deconstructed the relative contribution of cfDNA from different cell types based on cell-specific methylation markers and focused on exploring the association between kidney-derived cfDNA and SI-AKI.Based on the deconvolution of the cfDNA methylome: SI-AKI patients displayed the elevated cfDNA concentrations with an increased contribution of kidney epithelial cells (kidney-Ep) DNA; kidney-Ep derived cfDNA achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SI-AKI from SN-AKI (AUC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.7801-1); the higher kidney-ep cfDNA concentrations tended to correlate with more advanced stages of SI-AKI; strikingly, SN-AKI patients with potential kidney damage unmet by SI-AKI criteria showed higher levels of kidney-Ep derived cfDNA than healthy individuals. The autonomous screening of kidney-Ep (<i>n</i> = 24) and kidney endothelial (kidney-Endo, <i>n</i> = 12) specific methylation markers indicated the unique identity of kidney-Ep/kidney-Endo compared with other cell types, and its targeted assessment reproduced the main findings of the deconvolution of the cfDNA methylome. Our study first demonstrates that kidney-Ep- and kidney-Endo-specific methylation markers can serve as a novel marker for SI-AKI emergence, supporting further exploration of the utility of kidney-specific cfDNA methylation markers in the study of SI-AKI.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2408146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpigeneticsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2366065
Rebecca Richards-Steed, Neng Wan, Amanda Bakian, Richard M Medina, Simon C Brewer, Ken R Smith, James A VanDerslice
{"title":"Observational methods for human studies of transgenerational effects.","authors":"Rebecca Richards-Steed, Neng Wan, Amanda Bakian, Richard M Medina, Simon C Brewer, Ken R Smith, James A VanDerslice","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2366065","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2366065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are substantial challenges in studying human transgenerational epigenetic outcomes resulting from environmental conditions. The task requires specialized methods and tools that incorporate specific knowledge of multigenerational relationship combinations of probands and their ancestors, phenotype data for individuals, environmental information of ancestors and their descendants, which can span historical to present datasets, and informative environmental data that chronologically aligns with ancestors and descendants over space and time. As a result, there are few epidemiologic studies of potential transgenerational effects in human populations, thus limiting the knowledge of ancestral environmental conditions and the potential impacts we face with modern human health outcomes. In an effort to overcome some of the challenges in studying human transgenerational effects, we present two transgenerational study designs: transgenerational space-time cluster detection and transgenerational case-control study design. Like other epidemiological methods, these methods determine whether there are statistical associations between phenotypic outcomes (e.g., adverse health outcomes) among probands and the shared environments and environmental factors facing their ancestors. When the ancestor is a paternal grandparent, a statistically significant association provides some evidence that a transgenerational inheritable factor may be involved. Such results may generate useful hypotheses that can be explored using epigenomic data to establish conclusive evidence of transgenerational heritable effects. Both methods are proband-centric: They are designed around the phenotype of interest in the proband generation for case selection and family pedigree creation. In the examples provided, we incorporate at least three generations of paternal lineage in both methods to observe a potential transgenerational effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2366065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11178273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpigeneticsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2352683
Zishan Zang, Yifei Yin, Chunlan Liu, Qiang Zhu, Xuandong Huang, Hong Li, Rongxi Yang
{"title":"<i>IL21R</i> hypomethylation as a biomarker for distinguishing benign and malignant breast tumours.","authors":"Zishan Zang, Yifei Yin, Chunlan Liu, Qiang Zhu, Xuandong Huang, Hong Li, Rongxi Yang","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2352683","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2352683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some benign and malignant breast tumours are similar in pathological morphology, which are difficult to be distinguished in clinical diagnosis. In this study, we intended to explore novel biomarkers for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumours. Methylation EPIC 850K beadchip and RNA-sequencing were used to analyse 29 tissue samples from patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC) and benign breast tumours for differently methylated and expressed genes. The altered methylation of <i>IL21R</i> was semi-quantitatively validated in an independent study with 566 tissue samples (279 BC vs. 287 benign breast tumours) using mass spectrometry. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between <i>IL21R</i> methylation and BC. BC-associated <i>IL21R</i> hypomethylation and overexpression were identified in the discovery round. In the validation round, BC patients presented significant <i>IL21R</i> hypomethylation compared to women with benign breast tumours (ORs ≥1.29 per-10% methylation, <i>p-</i>values ≤ 5.69E-14), and this hypomethylation was even enhanced in BC patients with ER-negative and PR-negative tumours as well as with triple-negative tumours. The methylation of <i>IL21R</i> showed efficient discriminatory power to distinguish benign breast tumours from BC (area under curve (AUC) = 0.88), and especially from ER-negative BC (AUC = 0.95), PR-negative BC (AUC = 0.93) and triple-negative BC (AUC = 0.96). We disclosed significant <i>IL21R</i> hypomethylation in patients with BC compared to women with benign breast tumours, and revealed the somatic change of DNA methylation could be a potential biomarker for molecular pathology of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2352683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration of miRNA expression analysis of purified leukocytes and whole blood reveals blood-borne candidate biomarkers for lung cancer.","authors":"Guini Hong, Yue Huo, Yaru Gao, Liyuan Ma, Shuang Li, Tian Tian, Haijian Zhong, Hongdong Li","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2393948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2393948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in leukocyte populations may confound the disease-associated miRNA signals in the blood of cancer patients. We aimed to develop a method to detect differentially expressed miRNAs from lung cancer whole blood samples that are not influenced by variations in leukocyte proportions. The Ref-miREO method identifies differential miRNAs unaffected by changes in leukocyte populations by comparing the within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of miRNAs from healthy leukocyte subtypes and those from lung cancer blood samples. Over 77% of the differential miRNAs observed between lung cancer and healthy blood samples overlapped with those between myeloid-derived and lymphoid-derived leukocytes, suggesting the potential impact of changes in leukocyte populations on miRNA profile. Ref-miREO identified 16 differential miRNAs that target 19 lung adenocarcinoma-related genes previously linked to leukocytes. These miRNAs showed enrichment in cancer-related pathways and demonstrated high potential as diagnostic biomarkers, with the LASSO regression models effectively distinguishing between healthy and lung cancer blood or serum samples (all AUC > 0.85). Additionally, 12 of these miRNAs exhibited significant prognostic correlations. The Ref-miREO method offers valuable candidates for circulating biomarker detection in cancer that are not affected by changes in leukocyte populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2393948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpigeneticsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2426952
Bambarendage P U Perera, Kai Wang, Dongyue Wang, Kathleen Chen, Alisa Dewald, Swati Sriram, Jaclyn M Goodrich, Laurie K Svoboda, Maureen A Sartor, Dana C Dolinoy
{"title":"Sex and tissue-specificity of piRNA regulation in adult mice following perinatal lead (Pb) exposure.","authors":"Bambarendage P U Perera, Kai Wang, Dongyue Wang, Kathleen Chen, Alisa Dewald, Swati Sriram, Jaclyn M Goodrich, Laurie K Svoboda, Maureen A Sartor, Dana C Dolinoy","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2426952","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2024.2426952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxicant with early life exposure linked to long-term health effects. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that associate with PIWIL proteins to induce DNA methylation. It remains unknown whether Pb exposure influences piRNA expression. This study evaluated how perinatal Pb exposure (32 ppm in drinking water) impacts piRNA expression in adult mice and assessed piRNA dysregulation as a potential mechanism for Pb-induced toxicity. Pb exposure effects on piRNA expression and associated gene repression in the germline (testis/ovary) and soma (liver and brain) were evaluated. Small RNA sequencing was used to determine differentially expressed piRNAs, RT-qPCR to examine piRNA target expression, and whole genome bisulfite sequencing to evaluate target DNA methylation status. Three piRNAs (mmpiR-1500602, mmpiR-0201406, and mmpiR-0200026) were significant after multiple testing correction (all downregulated in the male Pb-exposed brain in comparison to control; FDR < 0.05). Within piOxiDB, TAO Kinase 3 was identified as a downstream mRNA target for one of the three Pb-sensitive piRNA. The Pb-exposed male brain exhibited increased <i>Taok3</i> expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and decreased DNA methylation (FDR < 0.01). The results demonstrate that perinatal Pb exposure stably influences longitudinal piRNA expression in a tissue- and sex-specific manner, potentially via DNA methylation-directed mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"19 1","pages":"2426952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}