Energy Storage最新文献

{"title":"A Refined Approach Exploiting Demand Response in Distribution Grids Integrating Renewable Energy and Storage Systems Alongside Metro Facilities via LSTPA Methodology","authors":"Ali Dehghan Pir,&nbsp;Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam,&nbsp;Esmaeil Alibeaki,&nbsp;Nasrin Salehi,&nbsp;Reza Davarzani","doi":"10.1002/est2.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the expansion of electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy integration, and electrified subway systems, maintaining the balance between load and generation in distribution networks has become increasingly challenging. This imbalance can result in power losses, voltage instability, and additional operational costs for independent grid operators (IGOs). To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to enhance the performance and resilience of distribution systems. The model incorporates demand response, energy storage, a battery-to-subway (B2S) system, optimal control of on-load tap changers (OLTCs) and step voltage regulators (SVRs), as well as various generation resources, capacitors, and shunt reactors. A multi-objective, scenario-based stochastic framework is employed to manage uncertainties from renewable sources. To solve the complex optimization problem, the Large-Scale Two-Population Algorithm (LSTPA) is applied, offering robust performance in large-scale scenarios. Simulation results on a standard 33-bus system demonstrate improved efficiency and reliability. Notable findings include a 50% increase in losses after the failure of three distributed generation units and a 35% emission rise following the outage of three renewable units. The proposed model ensures uninterrupted power delivery over a 24-h horizon, regardless of load variations or generation disruptions, making it highly suitable for real-time grid applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Flame Retardant Additives on Fire Properties of Paraffin Impregnated Gypsum","authors":"Nur Izzah Nadiah Iskandar Syah,&nbsp;Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said","doi":"10.1002/est2.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phase change material (PCM) can be integrated into construction materials to mitigate temperature fluctuations and enhance thermal mass. However, their incorporation may increase the combustibility of these materials. This study investigates the fire performance of gypsum boards impregnated with paraffin-based phase change material (RT20) and various flame retardant additives, including ammonium polyphosphate (APP), montmorillonite (MMT), and pentaerythritol (PER). Cone calorimeter tests were conducted to evaluate ignitability, heat release, mass loss, smoke production, and gas emissions. The gypsum + RT20 sample exhibited a time to ignition (TTI) of 31 s. Incorporation of APP reduced the TTI to 27 s, while the combination of APP, MMT, and PER further reduced TTI to 21 s. The maximum heat release rate (HRR) increased from 7.58 kW/m² (gypsum + RT20) to 28.72 kW/m² (gypsum + RT20 + APP), but decreased to 5.42 kW/m² with the addition of MMT and PER. Total heat release (THR) followed a similar trend. The peak specific extinction area (SEA) increased to 487.08 m²/kg with APP but was reduced to 259.24 m²/kg when MMT and PER were added. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide yields showed variability across formulations. The fire growth rate index (FIGRA) and maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) were lowest (0.0098 kW/m² · s and 1.9 kW/m², respectively) in the gypsum + RT20 + APP + MMT + PER sample, indicating comparatively lower fire growth and heat release characteristics. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing flame retardant formulations to achieve both effective fire resistance and minimal smoke hazards.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric Iron Complex as a Potential Catholyte for Alkaline Aqueous Redox Flow Battery","authors":"Jeremiah Belva,&nbsp;Muhammad Aziz","doi":"10.1002/est2.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An alkaline all-iron complex aqueous redox flow battery (AAICARFB) is an RFB that utilizes iron complex as the active material for both its anolyte and catholyte. A key limitation of iron-based RFBs is the use of solid Fe, which prevents full separation between the cell stack and the electrolytes, hindering scalability. This study investigates the properties and performance of iron dicarboxylic bipyridine cyanide electrolytes in alkaline conditions as potential catholytes for AAICARFB, evaluating them as alternatives to ferrocyanide (Fe(CN)₆). The higher redox potential and solubility of the complexes compared with Fe(CN)₆ at neutral pH mean that the AAICARFB that uses the iron dicarboxylic bipyridine cyanide catholyte has the potential to have higher cell voltage and energy potential compared with previous configurations, as energy density depends on both cell voltage and solubility. Catholytes made using Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy)₃], K₄[Fe(Dcbpy)₃], Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy)₂(CN)₂], K₄[Fe(Dcbpy)₂(CN)₂], and Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy) (CN)₄] dissolved in strongly alkaline NaOH or KOH solution were studied. As a result, the Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy)(CN)₄] was the only iron dicarboxylic bipyridine cyanide complex to exhibit redox activity in alkaline media. It demonstrated a higher redox potential than Fe(CN)₆ and better solubility than some Fe(CN)₆ electrolyte configurations in alkaline conditions. These findings suggest that the Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy)(CN)₄] catholyte has the potential to enhance the energy density of AAICARFB systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/est2.70198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonizing Transportation With Flywheel Energy Storage Systems: Current Trends and Future Prospects in Sustainable Mobility","authors":"Ravikumar Jayabal","doi":"10.1002/est2.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) have emerged as a sophisticated methodology for energy recuperation, power transmission, and eco-friendly transportation. These systems utilize state-of-the-art high-speed rotors, attaining rotational velocities that surpass 100 000 rpm through the application of carbon fiber-reinforced composites, which augment energy density while minimizing material deformation. Furnished with magnetic bearings, FESS effectively lowers friction and supports elevated rotational speeds, delivering power outputs that can reach up to 10 kW/kg. Recent progress in control algorithms, encompassing neural networks and predictive maintenance frameworks, guarantees meticulous energy management, thereby diminishing energy losses and enhancing reliability. The hybrid integration of FESS with batteries or supercapacitors further refines energy recovery, effectively addressing the constraints associated with standalone systems. Significant applications encompass hybrid vehicles, wherein FESS facilitates fuel savings of up to 35% in urban traffic scenarios, and rail systems, where the recuperation of braking energy leads to a reduction in energy consumption by 30%. Public transit buses outfitted with FESS exhibit fuel savings of 45%, while motorsport applications leverage FESS for immediate energy surges, underscoring their adaptability. Notwithstanding these merits, challenges such as gyroscopic phenomena, standby energy losses, and substantial initial investment costs continue to persist, necessitating advancements in nanotechnology and IoT-enabled monitoring systems to bolster performance. As international initiatives aimed at decarbonizing transportation gain momentum, FESS is strategically positioned to assume a crucial role in sustainable mobility by facilitating efficient energy storage, curtailing emissions, and ensuring enduring reliability. This review elucidates emerging trends, numerical advancements, and the overarching implications of FESS, thereby providing a comprehensive framework for prospective research and development in next-generation energy solutions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Optimization of Fin Configurations for Increased Thermal Performance in Horizontal Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems","authors":"Naresh Kumar Goud Ranga,&nbsp;S. K. Gugulothu,&nbsp;P. Gandhi","doi":"10.1002/est2.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study optimizes fin height and configuration angle in the lower section of a latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) system to enhance thermal performance. Using numerical simulations, the research explores the impact of placing fins exclusively below the horizontal axis, an area with minimal convection heat transfer. The study determines the optimal fin height and investigates four alternative fin configurations to identify the most efficient angle for heat storage. The numerical model is validated with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.3% and a melting time deviation of 4.7%. Results show that increasing the extended surface length from 10 to 30 mm reduces melting time by 35% due to enhanced heat conduction. Fin incorporation improves LHTS performance, cutting PCM melting time by at least 50%. Longer extended surfaces reduce temperature variation from 15°C to 6°C, ensuring better heat distribution. High-surface-area fin configurations increase thermal conductivity by 45%, reducing melting time by 28%. A fin angle of 45° accelerates melting by 22% compared with a vertical (90°) configuration due to enhanced convection. Optimizing the fin angle at 45° increases velocity magnitudes within the PCM by 35%, promoting uniform melting. Reducing the fin angle from 72° to 15° further decreases melting time from 75 to 45 min. Overall, optimizing fin configurations and integrating thermally enhanced PCMs significantly improve LHTS efficiency. The proposed design enhances thermal performance, accelerates phase transition, and ensures uniform temperature distribution, making it suitable for applications such as solar thermal energy storage.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Thermal Performance of PCM-Integrated Roofs: A Numerical Study on Temperature Regulation Across Different Roof Types","authors":"Rikesh B. Prajapati,&nbsp;Manish K. Rathod,&nbsp;Jyotirmay Banerjee","doi":"10.1002/est2.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the growing demand for energy-efficient buildings, phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a promising solution to improve thermal regulation. Integrating PCMs into building roofs can help in moderating indoor temperatures by absorbing and releasing heat. This study presents a numerical simulation to evaluate the impact of PCMs on the thermal performance of PCM-integrated roofs with various configurations. Simulations were conducted for three commercially available PCMs and for roofs with differing thermal inertia, representing diverse configurations. The PCM OM30 demonstrated significant potential in reducing ceiling temperature fluctuations in PCM-integrated roofs under the climatic condition of Surat city of India. Results show that incorporating a 1.5 cm layer of OM30 in a brick-concrete roof can reduce the maximum ceiling temperature by 3.55°C. For a concrete roof, the reduction can reach approximately 8°C, while for a metal roof, the decrease in ceiling temperature can be as high as 13.8°C. The effectiveness of PCMs in reducing ceiling temperature increases with decreasing thermal inertia of the roof.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of PCM Enclosure Shape on the Performance of TES for Passive Building Envelope Design","authors":"Dora Nagaraju,&nbsp;Siva Subrahmanyam Mendu,&nbsp;Neelima Devi Chinta","doi":"10.1002/est2.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work aims to explore the design of a passive building envelope aimed at improving energy efficiency by effectively incorporating phase change materials (PCM). The research employs a numerical method to analyze different wavy-wall enclosures within a uniform aspect ratio computational domain under varying boundary conditions. The numerical model is validated against experimental results under variable temperature and constant heat flux boundary conditions, demonstrating high accuracy. The comparative analysis of four cases focuses on local temperature distribution and liquid fraction. Case 1 exhibits a rapid temperature increase with a pronounced gradient, suggesting a quicker yet less consistent heat transfer. It is observed that melting fraction times are reduced by 36.63%, 0.59%, and 21.40% for Case 1, 2, and 3, respectively, compared to Case 0. From the comparative analysis, Case 1 exhibits the highest enhancement in melting fraction, achieving a 43.4% improvement under isothermal conditions and a 22.8% enhancement under constant heat flux. In contrast, Case 3 and Case 2 show lower improvements of 21.8% and 13.5% in isothermal conditions and 15.3% and 10.5% under constant heat flux, respectively. The superior performance of Case 1 is attributed to its optimized encapsulation shape, which offers a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, leading to faster and more uniform heat transfer. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of encapsulation design and material properties in maximizing thermal performance, providing valuable insights for developing passive building envelopes suited to diverse climates.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Dielectric Fluid Immersion Cooling System for Efficient Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery Packs","authors":"S. Hemavathi,&nbsp;D. A. Antopaul","doi":"10.1002/est2.70196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heat generation during fast charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remains a significant challenge, potentially leading to overheating, reduced performance, or thermal runaway. Traditional battery thermal management systems (BTMS), such as air-based cooling and indirect liquid cooling using cold plates, often result in high thermal gradients—both vertically within cells and horizontally across battery packs—especially under high-current discharge rates. To address these issues, this study introduces and evaluates a steady-state convection-based ester-oil immersion cooling (EOIC) technique for LIBs. Numerical simulations based on the Newman, Tiedemann, Gu and Kim model, aligned with multi-scale multi-dimensional principles, were performed on both a single 18650 cylindrical cell and a 4S2P battery pack. Experimental validations were conducted under 2C and 3C discharge rates at 25°C ambient temperature. The EOIC system demonstrated a temperature reduction of up to 13°C in the 18650 cell and 15°C in the 4S2P pack at 3C discharge compared to natural air convection and achieved ≤ 10°C thermal gradient across cells in the battery pack. The simulation results closely matched experimental data, with a maximum deviation of only 2°C, confirming the model's reliability. Moreover, EOIC outperformed conventional mineral oil-based immersion cooling in both cooling effectiveness and temperature uniformity. These findings confirm EOIC as a promising passive BTMS approach, ensuring improved safety, performance, and thermal stability for LIBs in electric vehicle applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editorial for the Special Issue on “Progress in Energy Storage Applications”","authors":"Nader Javani","doi":"10.1002/est2.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Location and Sizing of Coordinated Battery Swapping and Charging Station in Power and Road Transportation Networks","authors":"Sachin Shivaji Kumbhar,&nbsp;Vaiju N. Kalkhambkar,&nbsp;Rohit Bhakar","doi":"10.1002/est2.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Battery swapping and charging station (BSCS) is a developing domain for energy storage and electrical vehicles (EVs). An electric vehicle charging station can be combined with a microgrid (MG) and a road traffic transportation network (RTTN) for cost-effective system operation to set up a new BSCS in a territory. This paper presents a new approach for the location and sizing of a BSCS constructed to solve the combined problem of high infrastructure cost, energy cost, and renewable energy support. The proposed model supports the participation between BSCS, MG, and RTTN for optimal location in the territory and power exchange between the MG and BSCS. This BSCS is connected with an electric network, photovoltaic (PV) units, wind turbines, and RTTN to offer auxiliary facilities and increased profit. The proposed optimization technique has been applied to a case study in Maharashtra, India, and it shows effectiveness by minimizing investment and operational cost along with location and sizing for the BSCS.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}