Environmental Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Environmental Mycotoxins and Brain Health: Protective Role of Bromelain Against Fumonisin B1 in SH-SY5Y Cells","authors":"Gianluca Antonio Franco,&nbsp;Francesca Inferrera,&nbsp;Nicla Tranchida,&nbsp;Davide Di Paola,&nbsp;Roberta Fusco,&nbsp;Salvatore Cuzzocrea,&nbsp;Enrico Gugliandolo","doi":"10.1002/tox.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin commonly found in contaminated food and feed, has been increasingly implicated in neurotoxicity, although its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the neurotoxic potential of FB1 in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, both undifferentiated and RA-differentiated, and evaluates the protective effect of bromelain, a natural proteolytic enzyme with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cells were exposed to 50 μM FB1 for 24 h, with or without co-treatment with bromelain (10 or 50 μg/mL). FB1 significantly reduced cell viability and triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokine release (IL-6 and TNF-α), and apoptosis, particularly in differentiated cells. Bromelain co-treatment attenuated these effects in a dose-dependent manner, preserving mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative and inflammatory markers, and lowering apoptotic cell death. These findings emphasize the neurotoxic risk posed by FB1 and highlight bromelain as a promising multi-target protective agent. Identifying effective countermeasures against environmental neurotoxins is crucial for public health and disease prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1188-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation on Toxic and Inflammatory Potential of Coal Smoke of Different Sources From a Region With High Lung Cancer Risk","authors":"Yongliang Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Hu,&nbsp;Nathanial Rothman,&nbsp;Dingyu Liu,&nbsp;Jihua Li,&nbsp;Jun Xu,&nbsp;Bofu Ning,&nbsp;Roel Vermeulen,&nbsp;Qing Lan,&nbsp;Flemming R. Cassee,&nbsp;George S. Downward","doi":"10.1002/tox.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excess lung cancer risk in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China, has been attributed to household air pollution from use of a locally sourced smoky (bituminous) coal. However, the carcinogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Given the important role of inflammation in lung cancer development, this study compared the proinflammatory potentials of the particulate phase of smoky coal emissions with those of a locally sourced smokeless (anthracite) coal, which poses a lower lung cancer risk. A co-culture model of lung epithelial (Calu-3) and macrophage (differentiated THP-1) cells was exposed to aerosolized particulates, followed by analysis at 24 h exposure (R0) and after 24 h of recovery (R24). Cytotoxicity was minimal, with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release consistently under 15% of the total LDH content. Particulate exposure reduced transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) at R0, with partial recovery by R24, indicating sustained epithelial barrier damage. IL-6 release occurred at R0 in a dose-dependent manner but normalized by R24 for most samples. No significant IL-8 release was observed. The inflammatory and toxic potential (TEER reduction and IL-6/IL-8 changes) were similar across coal types and ventilation conditions. The observed potencies showed no correlation with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content and the observed lung cancer risks of the coal samples. In summary, transient inflammation and lasting barrier damage were observed with little contrast between different coal samples. As these results do not explain the variation of lung cancer risks, further studies examining alternative cellular pathways and biological effects are needed to elucidate the mechanisms driving lung cancer in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1311-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Effects of Environmentally Relevant Mixtures Containing Two Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors, Chlordecone and Propylparaben, in Hydra vulgaris Pallas, 1766","authors":"Magali Domallain, Romain Colpaert, Xavier Moreau, Laetitia De Jong, Karim Benbrahim, Raphael Coatmeur, Valérie Pique, Maxime Robin, Pierre‐Henri Villard","doi":"10.1002/tox.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70201","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the chronic effects of chlordecone (CLD) and propylparaben (PP), two pro‐estrogenic endocrine disruptors, on <jats:italic>Hydra vulgaris</jats:italic> Pallas, 1766 using a multiscale approach over a 14‐day exposure period. Environmentally relevant concentrations of CLD (0.5, 5, 20 μg L <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) and PP (0.01, 0.05, 0.40 μg L <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) were tested individually and in mixtures. CLD and PP single exposures reduced the asexual reproductive rate (RHR) by 20% at intermediate CLD and high PP concentrations, whereas mixtures caused stronger declines up to 60.0% at high concentration. Severe morphological damage occurred only under high‐dose mixtures. We analyzed the expression of 17 genes covering detoxification, oxidative stress, endocrine function, regeneration, neurotransmission, proteolysis, and epigenetic regulation. Except for <jats:italic>G6pd</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Thypedin</jats:italic> , single exposures to CLD and PP either increased or decreased gene expression. Only a limited subset of genes ( <jats:italic>Cyp17‐like</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cyp1a‐like</jats:italic> under CLD; <jats:italic>Cyp17‐like</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>G6pd</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>Thypedin</jats:italic> under PP) displayed dose‐related tendencies, while most other genes showed non‐monotonic or irregular responses typical of endocrine disruptors. Mixture effects included antagonism, potentiation, and coalition, with non‐monotonic responses such as <jats:italic>Cyp17‐like</jats:italic> induction showing a 2‐fold increase at low concentration and reversal or neutralization of oxidative‐stress markers. Mixtures also increased ubiquitin in damaged hydras exposed to high‐dose mixtures and reduced global DNA methylation (up to −43%). Together, these results highlight that mixture effects diverge markedly from single‐compound responses, show no additive effects, reinforce the importance of assessing endocrine disruptors in combination, and confirm the relevance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>H. vulgaris</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> as a sensitive model at environmental concentrations.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Effects of Hexachlorobenzene,\u0000 DDT\u0000 , and p,p′‐\u0000 DDE\u0000 in Rats","authors":"Khuoloud Keshim,Cihan Suleyman Erdogan,Aylin Yaba,Engin Sumer,Bayram Yilmaz","doi":"10.1002/tox.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70200","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Persistent organic pollutants such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and its major metabolite p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′‐DDE) are lipophilic organochlorine pesticides that persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in tissues. We aimed to evaluate the hepatic and renal effects of subchronic low‐dose oral exposure to HCB, DDT, and p,p′‐DDE in male rats using serum biochemistry and histopathology. Thirty‐two male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, HCB, DDT, and p,p′‐DDE groups ( n  = 8/group). Animals received 5 mg/kg of each compound or vehicle (corn oil) by oral gavage every other day for 5 weeks. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were measured. Liver and kidney tissues were examined histologically and injury was quantified by a semi‐quantitative histopathological H‐score. Exposure did not significantly alter ALT, AST, total bilirubin, BUN or creatinine. However, ALP activity was significantly decreased in the DDT‐ and p,p′‐DDE‐treated groups ( p  &lt; 0.05). Histopathology showed marked renal alterations in the HCB and DDT groups, including glomerular deformation, narrowed Bowman's space, and tubular disorganization, and the renal H‐score was significantly higher than control in both groups ( p  &lt; 0.001). Hepatic architecture and H‐score were similar in all groups. Low‐dose subchronic exposure to HCB and DDT was associated with quantifiable renal histopathological alterations in the absence of parallel biochemical abnormalities, which may reflect early, subclinical nephrotoxicity. DDT and p,p′‐DDE selectively reduced serum ALP activity. These findings suggest that more sensitive endpoints than serum biomarkers may be required to detect organ injury associated with organochlorine pesticide exposure.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Toxicological and Immunological Evaluation of\u0000 \u0000 Rhizophora apiculata\u0000 \u0000 Leaf Extract Against\u0000 \u0000 Aeromonas hydrophila\u0000 \u0000 Infection in Zebrafish (\u0000 \u0000 Danio rerio\u0000 \u0000 )","authors":"Krishnamoorthy Santhosh,Pitchiah Sivaperumal","doi":"10.1002/tox.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture has stimulated interest in plant‐derived alternatives for bacterial disease management; however, their antimicrobial efficacy must be evaluated alongside host toxicity and biological responses. In the present study, the antibacterial, antibiofilm, toxicological, histopathological, and immunomodulatory effects of Rhizophora apiculata leaf extract were investigated against Aeromonas hydrophila using zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) as a vertebrate model. The methanolic leaf extract was characterized by FTIR and GC–MS analyses, which indicated the presence of diverse functional groups and putatively identified metabolites belonging to several chemical classes. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila , with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 μg/mL, compared with 15.6 μg/mL for ampicillin. Quantitative crystal violet and confocal microscopy analyses demonstrated concentration‐ and time‐dependent inhibition and disruption of established biofilms, with the greatest effect observed at 500 μg/mL after 48 h. Acute toxicity assessment revealed concentration‐dependent mortality, with 96‐h LC 50 values of 375 μg/mL for embryos and larvae and 200.5 μg/mL for adults, indicating greater sensitivity of adult fish. In A. hydrophila ‐challenged zebrafish, treatment with the extract reduced infection‐associated gill and muscle alterations and improved the observed developmental morphology. The treatment was also associated with differential expression of IL‐8 , TNF‐α , and TGF‐β , indicating modulation of immune‐related transcriptional responses. However, the treatment concentration of 250 μg/mL exceeded the estimated adult LC 50 , limiting interpretation of these protective responses as evidence of a safe therapeutic dose. Overall, the findings demonstrate antibacterial, antibiofilm, tissue‐protective, and transcriptional immunomodulatory activity of R. apiculata extract, while emphasizing the need for lower‐dose studies to establish a safer efficacy–toxicity window for potential aquaculture applications.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Toxicity of Illegal Mining on Selected Rivers at Obuasi in Ghana Using Daphnia magna and Lemna minor.","authors":"Lyndon Nii Adjiri Sackey, Yaw Mensah Quansah, Isaac Aidoo, Emmanuel Fosu Mensah","doi":"10.1002/tox.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Illegal mining activities pose a growing threat to aquatic ecosystems through the release of toxic substances which affect the aquatic organisms within the ecosystem. This has become a growing concern because of the rise of illegal mining in certain parts of Ghana. Therefore, this research seeks to assess the effect of illegal mining on selected rivers at Obuasi in the Ashanti Region using Daphnia magna and Lemna minor. Obuasi was selected as the study area because it is an illegal mining hotspot. Three rivers were randomly selected from Obuasi; Kwabrafoso river (KB), Pompom river (PO), and Diewuo river (DE) to assess their level of toxicity to aquatic organisms. The heavy metals were analyzed using the Agilent 4210 Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES) and the physicochemical properties by using the OHAUS Starter 3100 m. Duckweed (Lemna minor) and Daphnia (Daphnia magna) were used as the test organisms following OECD 211 and OECD 202 protocols respectively. The pH of all river samples was alkaline (7.10-7.49) and within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit. All river samples exceeded the WHO standard for Electrical conductivity and Turbidity. Kwabrafoso showed the highest concentrations of Zn (0.46 mg/L), Pb (0.18 mg/L), and As (0.62 mg/L). Bioaccumulation showed Zn and As as the most bioavailable metals to Daphnia. IC₁₀ and EC₅₀ were measured in the toxicity bioassays for duckweed and Daphnia, respectively, with a toxicity gradient of PO < KB < DE ranging from (4.90-11.48 mg/L) for IC₁₀ and DE < PO < KB ranging from (15.15-31.9 mg/L) for EC₅₀. All the river samples showed confirmed toxicity, indicating the impact of illegal mining on aquatic ecosystems. This highlights the need for monitoring and strong regulations to protect aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Employment of Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Disinfection Poses a Threat to Aquatic Ecosystems Because of Its Toxicity to Nontarget Organisms.","authors":"Letícia Queiroz Almeida, Thayrine Dias Carlos, Leydiane Barbosa Bezerra, Rone S Barbosa, Nelson Luís Gonçalves Dias Souza, Douglas Henrique Pereira, Renato Almeida Sarmento, Grasiele Soares Cavallini","doi":"10.1002/tox.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in water and wastewater treatment, particularly in advanced oxidation processes that aid in the degradation of compounds and microbial disinfection. Despite concerns about potential environmental contamination, its impact on freshwater ecosystems remains inadequately studied. Evaluating the ecotoxicity of aquatic organisms is crucial for establishing safe environmental concentrations. This study focuses on assessing the impact of hydrogen peroxide on the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina, a regenerative invertebrate serving as an ecotoxicological model. Both acute and chronic effects were evaluated, including locomotion, regeneration, and reproduction. The LC₅₀ for 48 h was determined to be 123.55 mg/L. Sublethal exposure had minimal effects on locomotion, blastema regeneration, and fertility. Regeneration delays were observed at 3 mg/L, while fecundity was significantly affected at 1.52 mg/L. The planarians exhibited morphological abnormalities at the maximum quantity tested in the reproduction experiment (12.86 mg/L), which may have been the result of hydrogen peroxide-induced mutations. In order to protect ecological health, this study advises keeping hydrogen peroxide levels below 1.52 mg/L and draws attention to the potential risks it poses to aquatic habitats. To guarantee complete environmental protection and a better knowledge of its effects, further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1060-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Benzo[a]Pyrene Bound to PM₁₀ in Adult and Children Population Through Ambient Air in Belgrade City, Serbia.","authors":"Dragana Vukelić, Bojana Petrović, Evica Antonijević Miljaković, Andrej Šoštarić, Marijana Ćurčić, Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic, Danijela Đukić-Ćosić, Biljana Antonijević, Zorica Bulat","doi":"10.1002/tox.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate matter (PM) contains various components, among which heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered the main toxic component. Serbia, a middle-income country in Southeast Europe, faces PM pollution in several towns. This study aimed to assess the carcinogenic health risk of exposure to B[a]P, a representative PAH, in Belgrade for adults and children during heating and non-heating seasons, using deterministic and probabilistic approaches for the 2018-2022 period. Average PM₁₀ levels ranged between 32.6 and 45.3 μg/m³, and B[a]P levels between 1.4 and 3.7 ng/m³. The PM₁₀ annual limit (40 μg/m³) was exceeded at five of fourteen stations, while the B[a]P annual limit (1 ng/m³) was exceeded at all considered monitoring stations. Risk assessment using both approaches resulted in Total Cancer Risk (TCR) values below the USEPA safe limit (1.0E-04) for both populations and seasons. Deterministic TCR values exceeded the 95th percentile (P95) of the probabilistic risk distribution, which represents the reasonable maximum exposure level according to USEPA. The highest TCR was obtained for adults during the heating season using both deterministic (5.63E-05) and probabilistic approach (1.60E-05, P95). Our results indicate that the probabilistic approach provides a more accurate representation of overall risk, leading to better risk management decisions, while the deterministic approach is more conservative due to reliance on average parameter values. Although the carcinogenic risk of B[a]P in Belgrade was acceptable, other PM compounds and exposure pathways should be considered simultaneously to achieve a more accurate health risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1086-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147270155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diving Deeper Into Mechanisms of Acrylamide-Induced Toxicity: RNA Sequencing Reveals Transcriptomic Alteration and Retrotransposon Expression in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Oluwabukola Mary Farodoye, Titilayomi Ayomide Otenaike, Daniela Moreira Mombach, Monica Medeiros Silva, Amos Olalekan Abolaji, Elgion Lucio Da Silva Loreto","doi":"10.1002/tox.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the inevitability of human and animal exposure to acrylamide, there is increasing concern regarding its potential health risks. While a number of molecular mechanisms have been proposed, the complexity of acrylamide toxicological pathways and interactions remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we employed a transcriptomic approach to investigate the transcriptional responses of Drosophila melanogaster following exposure to acrylamide (100 mg/kg). Our analysis identified 634 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 362 upregulated and 272 downregulated. Functional analysis revealed these DEGs are enriched in pathways related to reproduction, detoxification, cellular and metabolic processes, signaling, synaptic formation and organization. Notably, acrylamide exposure upregulated the expression of tau and beta-amyloid protein precursor-like genes, both implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology. An aversive memory test further demonstrated that acrylamide impaired the short-term memory of treated flies. Additionally, acrylamide-induced toxicity altered the expression of nine long terminal repeat retrotransposons, belonging to the gypsy and pao superfamilies. By exploring the potential role of transposable element activity in acrylamide-mediated toxicity, this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects. Collectively, these findings offer a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and pathways associated with the toxic action and detoxification of acrylamide in D. melanogaster.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1105-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147270125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological Insights From Ex Vivo Exposure of Whole Blood to PFOS and Glyphosate: Oxidative Stress and Immune Disruption.","authors":"Francesco Molinari, Gianluca Antonio Franco, Francesca Inferrera, Nicla Tranchida, Antonella Iaconis, Maria Rizzo, Giuseppe Piccione, Enrico Gugliandolo, Davide Di Paola","doi":"10.1002/tox.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of PFOS and glyphosate (GLY), both individually and in combination, on the whole blood of three ruminant species (cow, goats, and sheep) exposed ex vivo to environmentally relevant concentrations. The research focused on key biomarkers of oxidative stress (MDA), inflammation (myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite production), and immune function (TNFα and IL-6 cytokine production, both at baseline and following LPS stimulation). Results indicated species-specific differences in oxidative stress response, with sheep and goats showing higher MDA levels under combined PFOS and GLY exposure. Furthermore, co-exposure exacerbated inflammatory responses (MDA activity and NO2- production) in LPS-stimulated sheep and goats. Critically, a synergistic effect of PFOS and GLY co-exposure significantly increased both TNFα and IL-6 production across all species, even without LPS stimulation, suggesting a heightened pro-inflammatory state. These findings raise concerns about the potential of these contaminants to disrupt immune homeostasis in grazing animals, impacting their health, productivity, and disease resistance, and potentially posing risks to human health through food chain contamination. The study highlights the need for further research to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and assess the long-term effects of chronic exposure to these contaminants on animal health and potential human health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1097-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147270111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}