Environmental Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Irigenin Alleviates Blue Light-Induced Retinal Damage by Upregulating Antioxidative Defense System via Nrf2 Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro.","authors":"Kun-Lin Yeh, Yu-Hsiang Kuan, Sheng-Wen Wu, Chen-Yu Chiang, Chun-Jung Chen, Wen-Ying Chen, Chi-Chung Chou","doi":"10.1002/tox.24501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed to assess the potential of irigenin to attenuate blue light (BL)-induced apoptosis in human adult retinal pigment epithelial (hARPE-19) cells loaded with N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E, DA50062). Furthermore, the study investigated the associated molecular mechanisms. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and flow cytometry was employed to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. Lipid peroxidation levels, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and caspase enzymes, were quantified using commercially available assay kits. Bcl-2, Bax, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression was quantified through western blotting. Moreover, animal experiments were performed to assess BL-induced retinal damage. The results revealed that irigenin protected against BL-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in DA50062-laden hARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, irigenin upregulated Bcl-2 expression and downregulated Bax expression in BL-exposed DA50062-laden hARPE-19 cells. Hence, irigenin prevented cytochrome c release and inhibited BL-induced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation in DA50062-laden hARPE-19 cells. Irigenin also effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation and ROS production in BL-exposed DA50062-laden hARPE-19 cells. Notably, irigenin upregulated Nrf2 expression, which, in turn, upregulated the expression of several antioxidative defense system, such as SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and HO-1 in BL-exposed DA50062-laden hARPE-19 cells. Animal studies showed that irigenin effectively protected against BL-induced retinal damage, as indicated by the increased thickness of the outer and inner nuclear layers in irigenin-treated groups compared to untreated controls. Taken together, the results suggest that irigenin inhibits the BL-induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway by activating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative defense system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Endocrine Disruptors Alters Nuclear Phenotype and Induces Renal Fibrosis in Rats.","authors":"Karianne Delalibera Hinokuma, Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo, Andreia Yuri Yoshigae, Thaina Cavalleri Sousa, Letícia Pereira de Souza, Gisele Alborghetti Nai, Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes, Ivana Regina da Costa, Thiago Rentz Ferreira Laginski, Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes","doi":"10.1002/tox.24502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exposome is considered an assessment of environmental exposure and associated biological responses over an individual's lifetime. Endocrine disruptors chemicals (EDCs), an important component of such exposures, exert adverse effects on human health. The kidneys are targets for EDCs because of their characteristic of bioaccumulation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate cellular and tissue changes in the kidneys of rats exposed to an EDCs mixture (EDCs Mix). Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into: Control group, administered vehicle (corn oil) via gavage; EDCs mix group, administered 32.11 mg/kg/day of a mixture of 12 EDCs diluted in corn oil (2 mL/kg) via gavage. Pregnant or lactating rats received the treatment from Gestational Day 7 until Postnatal Day (DPN) 21. The male pups continued to receive the complete EDCs mix until DPN220, when they were euthanized. Nuclear alterations depended on the compartment evaluated, with the EDCs mix favoring the presence of elliptical nuclei in the cortical and glomerular regions and more rounded nuclei in the medullary region. The EDCs mix increased renal fibrosis in all compartments without altering antioxidant enzymes activity. Therefore, we conclude that environmentally relevant exposure to an EDCs mix causes nuclear changes and induces renal fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Mediated Attenuation of Cadmium Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Ovarian Antral Follicles In Vitro.","authors":"Prerna Bikal, Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1002/tox.24505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female fertility has been demonstrated to be directly correlated with cadmium, a heavy metal contaminant that is widely present in the environment. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a powerful antioxidant, has been shown to have therapeutic effects for a number of ailments. NAC's potential to prevent ovarian toxicity caused by Cd is still unknown. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the concentration- and time-dependent protective effect of NAC supplementation against Cd-induced granulosa cell toxicity in healthy caprine ovaries. The in vitro cultured ovaries/follicles were subjected to different cytotoxic (ethidium bromide and acridine orange [EB/AO] staining), histomorphological, and biochemical analyses during study. The results revealed that NAC treatment significantly attenuated the Cd-instigated cytotoxicity in granulosa cells, as evidenced by diminished apoptotic attributes in NAC co-supplemented groups compared to only Cd-exposed groups. Moreover, NAC markedly restored the decline in enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes (GST, SOD, and CAT), along with ferric reducing antioxidant power, further diminishing the formation of MDA in Cd exposed caprine ovary. The findings of this study indicated that Cd, being an ovarian toxicant, adversely affects the female reproductive system. However, simultaneous NAC administration significantly reduced the Cd-caused ovarian damage, indicating that NAC has therapeutic potential in controlling female gonadotoxicity due to gradually growing environmental Cd pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanosized Ginger-Derived Phenolic Zingerone Obstructs Cell Cycle G2/M Progression and Initiates Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Jui-Ho Wang, Yun-Wen Chen, Shuchen Hsieh, Mei-Lang Kung","doi":"10.1002/tox.24470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most arduous challenges in contemporary cancer treatment. In nanomedicine, biomedical methodologies and nanomaterials are combined to develop novel and effective treatments for illnesses, infections, and cancer. The characteristics of nanotechnology are promising for addressing the urgent problems of modern cancer therapeutics, such as tumor recurrence, multidrug resistance, and the limited accessibility of drugs to tumor tissue. Plant-derived natural chemicals, termed phytochemicals, have bioactive characteristics, including anticarcinogenesis, promoted cell apoptosis, antioxidation, antiproliferation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Zingerone is a phenolic compound; it is one of the nonvolatile pungent constituents of ginger and has various pharmacological activities. Here, we fabricated phytochemical-derived zingerone nanoparticles (NPs) and explored their anti-cell viability and anti-tumorigenicity effects on human CRC LoVo and HCT116 cell lines. Moreover, zingerone NPs significantly inhibited cell viability and in vitro tumorigenicity. Next, flow cytometry analysis revealed that zingerone NPs markedly suppressed cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase compared to the G1/S phase and significantly promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in these CRC cell lines. Western blot analysis also suggested that zingerone NPs mediate cell apoptosis by upregulating caspase 3/PARP signaling. Additionally, zingerone NPs significantly restricted CDC25C-mediated CDK1/Cyclin B1 signaling activation in the G2/M phase and Cyclin D/CDK2/Cyclin A signaling downregulation in the G1/S phase. Zingerone NP-mediated p21 upregulation also decreased CDK activity and interfered with cell cycle progression. Indeed, TCGA data analysis also suggested that CDC25C and CDK1 upregulation were correlated with advanced tumor stage in colorectal cancer patients. Taken together, these results indicated that zingerone NPs significantly disrupt cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in human CRC cells. Our findings indicate that phytochemical-derived zingerone NPs may serve as a potential chemopreventive adjuvant agent and therapeutic strategy for human colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory Effects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis Mycelia on Hepatosteatosis Development in a High-Fat Dietary Habit.","authors":"Yi-Ling Lin, Christoper Caesar Yudho Sutopo, Yi-Feng Kao, Jung-Kai Tseng, Yi-Chen Chen","doi":"10.1002/tox.24499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global rise in obesity is closely associated with the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndromes, posing significant health challenges. This study explored the ameliorative effects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis mycelia (TCM-NA01 formula: 1.4 mg adenosine and 55.2 mg polysaccharide/capsule) on hepatosteatosis development in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. TCM-NA01 supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) body weight, adipose tissue, serum triglyceride (TG)/cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver TG/TC levels in HFD-fed mice. Increased (p < 0.05) fecal-lipid and bile-acid outputs were observed. Apparent reductions in lipid-droplet and steatosis scores (p < 0.05) in the HFD-fed mice supplemented with TCM-NA01. Furthermore, TCM-NA01 modulated lipid metabolism by decreasing fatty acid synthesis and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. TCM-NA01 also enhanced liver antioxidant capacity and decreased proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the potential of O. sinensis mycelia as a nutraceutical agent for alleviating hepatosteatosis, liver oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, offering a promising strategy for the management of obesity and NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Exposure of SD Rats to Benzo[a]Pyrene Impairs Neurobehavior and Hippocampal Synaptic Ultrastructure in Offspring via Downregulating Synaptic-Associated Factors.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Yuting Guo, Linhu Du, Junxiu Zhao, Xiaorui Ci, Jinzhu Yin, Qiao Niu, Yiqun Mo, Qunwei Zhang, Jisheng Nie","doi":"10.1002/tox.24489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a carcinogenic contaminant widely present in the environment. Recently, increasing studies have paid attention to the developmental neurotoxicity of B[a]P in offspring in their early life stages; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of prenatal B[a]P exposure on neurobehavior of pups during their brain growth spurt (BGS) period and also explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally exposed to 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg-bw B[a]P for three consecutive days during embryonic days 17-19. The physiological development index of pups was observed, and a series of neurobehavioral tests assessing sensory and motor maturation were performed. The complexity of dendritic branches and the basal dendritic spine density of CA1 pyramidal neurons were examined using Golgi-Cox staining during PND 1-14. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal BDNF, SYP, Arc, PSD-95, DNMT1, and DNMT3a, and the level of 5-mC were detected using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, or immunohistochemical staining, respectively. We noted that prenatal B[a]P exposure induced body weight loss and neurobehavioral impairments in the early life stages. Furthermore, this study firstly revealed that maternal exposure to B[a]P impaired the dendritic arborization and complexity of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus CA1 subfield in offspring during the early postnatal period, and the damage of B[a]P to basal dendritic spine density was also observed in a dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, maternal exposure to B[a]P markedly reduced BDNF, Arc, SYP, and PSD-95 mRNA and protein levels in the offspring hippocampus. Meanwhile, the levels of hippocampal DNMT1, DNMT3a, and 5-mC significantly increased in the offspring prenatally exposed to B[a]P. In summary, this study firstly demonstrated that maternal B[a]P exposure induced neurobehavioral deficits by destroying the hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure, which was possibly associated with the downregulation of BDNF, Arc, SYP, and PSD95 in the hippocampus through increased DNMTs-mediated DNA methylation in offspring during the BGS period.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastic Differentially Affects the Colon and Liver in Adult Male Mice.","authors":"Somaye Zangene, Hassan Morovvati, Hojat Anbara, Nicola Bernabò","doi":"10.1002/tox.24486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as novel environmental pollutant. Their ubiquity in natural environments and the global dissemination of plastic particles through food and drink have led to the oral ingestion of these particles by all kinds of living organism. In this investigation, male mice were subjected to exposure to 2 μm virgin PS-MPs for 6 weeks. To accomplish this, 36 adult male NMRI mice were gavaged with PS-MPs at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg body weight. A control group was also accounted for, which received 0.1 mL of distilled water. The results show that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) decreased, while the level of malondialdehyde increased in colon and liver. Additionally, findings showed that PS-MPs can disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier and inhibit the secretion of intestinal mucus in mice, disrupt mucin secretion, and cause changes in the tissue structure of the colon and liver. Further information regarding the toxicity of MPs in a terrestrial organism was obtained through this study, which assist in the evaluation of the potential health hazards that PS-MPs may pose to living organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: CAB39 Modulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Through NF‐κB Signaling Activation, Enhancing Invasion, and Metastasis in Bladder Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tox.24498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24498","url":null,"abstract":"RETRACTION: J. Huang, H. Deng, S. Xiao, Y. Lin, Z. Yu, X. Xu, L. Peng, H. Chao, and T. Zeng, “CAB39 Modulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Through NF‐κB Signaling Activation, Enhancing Invasion, and Metastasis in Bladder Cancer,” <jats:italic>Environmental Toxicology</jats:italic> 39, no. 10 (2024): 4791‐4802, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24333\">https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24333</jats:ext-link>.The above article, published online on 22 August 2024, in Wiley Online Library (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/\">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/</jats:ext-link>), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Christyn Bailey; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Following an investigation by the publisher, the parties have concluded that this article was accepted solely on the basis of a compromised peer review process. Therefore, the article must be retracted.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Transcriptomic Landscape of Endothelial Cells: Key Tumor Microenvironment Components Indicating Variable Clinical Outcomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tox.24491","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.24491","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>RETRACTION:</b> P. Xie, S.Y. Tan, H.F. Li, H.D. Tang, and J.H. Zhou, “Transcriptomic Landscape of Endothelial Cells: Key Tumor Microenvironment Components Indicating Variable Clinical Outcomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma,” <i>Environmental Toxicology</i> 39, no. 2 (2024): 572-582, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23881.</p><p>The above article, published online on 14 July 2023, in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Christyn Bailey; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Following an investigation by the publisher, the parties have concluded that this article was accepted solely on the basis of a compromised peer review process. Therefore, the article must be retracted. Peng Xie disagrees with this decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"40 4","pages":"716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.24491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Erianin Suppressed Lung Cancer Stemness and Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity via Triggering Ferroptosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tox.24490","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.24490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>RETRACTION:</b> J. Lv, Z. Wang, and H. Liu, “Erianin Suppressed Lung Cancer Stemness and Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity via Triggering Ferroptosis,” <i>Environmental Toxicology</i> 39, no. 2 (2024): 479-486, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23832.</p><p>The above article, published online on 20 May 2023, in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Christyn Bailey; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Following an investigation by the publisher, the parties have concluded that this article was accepted solely on the basis of a compromised peer review process. Therefore, the article must be retracted.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"40 4","pages":"715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.24490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}