Environmental Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Media-Dependent Growth, Stress Responses, and Metal Accumulation Patterns in Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai Exposed to As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn: Individual and Combination Effects (Synergistic, Antagonistic, and Additive)","authors":"Sung-Chul Hong,&nbsp;Je-Sung Park,&nbsp;Seong-Ho Jang,&nbsp;Eun-Sang Jung,&nbsp;Byung-Gil Jung,&nbsp;Anisa Dea Novianti,&nbsp;Velmurugan Palanivel,&nbsp;Young-Chae Song,&nbsp;Arpita Kumari,&nbsp;Geetha Parameswaran,&nbsp;Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam","doi":"10.1002/tox.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we examined metal accumulation and biochemical responses of <i>Azolla imbricata</i> (Roxb.) Nakai exposed to water medium (WM) and nutrient medium (NM) under single and combined (co-exposure) treatments with five metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) at 10% environmentally relevant concentrations. Marked differences between WM and NM highlighted the influence of nutrient availability on plant responses. An inverse relationship was observed, with higher biomass in NM (WM &lt; NM) and greater metal accumulation in WM (WM &gt; NM). Growth inhibition, reflected by reduced photosynthetic pigment contents, was accompanied by elevated stress indicators, including electrolyte leakage, proline, malondialdehyde, and anthocyanins, confirming metal-induced phytotoxicity. Metal interactions under co-exposure were predominantly antagonistic in WM and synergistic in NM. Metal accumulation patterns (mg/kg) varied across media and exposure types: under single exposure, values ranged from 83.8 (As) to 43 881 (Zn) in WM and from 11.7 (Cd) to 12 135 (Cu) in NM; under co-exposure, they ranged from 346 (Cd) to 12 688 (Cu) in WM and from 46 (Cd) to 2859 (Cu) in NM. Accumulation sequences did not correspond to exposure concentrations, indicating metal-specific and media-dependent uptake. Under co-exposure, concurrent accumulation of multiple metals was more frequent in WM than that in NM, suggesting nutrient availability constrained simultaneous uptake. Bioconcentration factor values exceeded common thresholds under certain treatments, indicating strong accumulation potential rather than definitive hyperaccumulation. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of <i>A. imbricata</i> for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated waters while emphasizing cautious application in agroecosystems due to potential soil–crop–food pathway transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1223-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147304065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the Most Common Endocrine Disruptors: Exposure, Mechanism, Health Effects, and Remediation Strategies","authors":"Carlos Gracidas,&nbsp;Edgar Selem,&nbsp;Ngozi Donald Anyiam,&nbsp;Brian Fertig,&nbsp;Joseph Varon,&nbsp;Matthew Halma","doi":"10.1002/tox.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a heterogeneous category of environmental pollutants that may disrupt hormonal pathways of signaling in human beings and wildlife, resulting in poor reproductive, metabolic, developmental, and immunological outcomes. Earlier warnings in Silent Spring and the historic Wingspread Conference have since been proven right when evidence continued to mount that daily exposure to EDCs was reached via air, water, food, consumer products, and work environments. This review synthesizes existing evidence on the most common endocrine disruptors such as atrazine, bisphenol A, dioxins, perchlorate, per- and polyfluoroalkyl, phthalates, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and heavy metals. Exposure pathways, environmental levels, regulatory standards, molecular pathways of endocrine disruption, and health outcomes are critically analyzed for each compound or chemical group. It specifically focuses on endocrine targets, including the regulation of thyroid hormones, reproductive hormones, metabolic pathways, and developmental processes, which are combined using the results of experimental, epidemiological, and meta-analysis studies. As mechanistic evidence consistently confirms endocrine-disrupting potential, human population data are often heterogeneous, characterized by variability in exposure assessment, dose–response relationship, co-exposures, and biological susceptibility. Moreover, this review compares the existing remediation methods, such as physical, chemical, biological, and nature-based, pointing out their effectiveness, limitations, and applicability to environmental matrices. Altogether, the study results indicate the ongoing social health applicability of EDCs and the necessity of combined regulatory strategies, better exposure characterization, and enhanced remediation technologies to reduce long-term endocrine and ecological risks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1323-1363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UNESCO World Heritage Site Park Acts as a Large Natural Attenuation Unit for a Broad Spectrum of Pharmaceuticals","authors":"Adéla Lamaczová,&nbsp;Eliška Maršálková,&nbsp;Blahoslav Maršálek,&nbsp;Klára Odehnalová","doi":"10.1002/tox.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmaceutical pollution is a global concern due to its pervasive impact on water quality, affecting diverse ecosystems. Despite this fact, contamination within UNESCO heritage natural sites remains understudied. To address this gap, our study focused on assessing pharmaceutical pollution in Pruhonice Park, screening water samples for 98 pharmaceuticals across nine different sites throughout the Park during all four seasons, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. Our findings identified the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent upstream of the Park boundaries and a tributary from an adjacent village as the primary sources of pollution. Concentrations of 20 pharmaceuticals were above the limit of detection, with gabapentin, metformin, caffeine, diclofenac, and carbamazepine among the most prevalent, reaching concentrations up to 2120 ng/L. Seasonal variations were substantial, with significantly lower concentrations detected in winter and spring. Risk quotients for more than half of detected analytes indicated high predicted risk for the aquatic environment in at least one sampling site, with carbamazepine and diclofenac exceeding the extreme risk threshold. Despite high upstream contamination, the outflow from the Park exhibits a significant reduction in pollution as compared to the inflow. Our results suggest that the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes can contribute to the reduction of human-derived contaminants within the biodiverse UNESCO natural park. To enhance these natural attenuation mechanisms, our findings highlight the need for targeted policy measures, including stricter discharge regulations, improved wastewater management, and systematic monitoring programs implemented by governmental authorities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1201-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Community Dynamics in Marine Water: Influence of Hydrocarbon Type and Exposure Time","authors":"Karen C. F. Santaren,&nbsp;Douglas A. Monteiro,&nbsp;Eliene S. Lopes,&nbsp;Diogo A. Jurelevicius,&nbsp;Lucy Seldin","doi":"10.1002/tox.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine environments are frequently impacted by petroleum-derived hydrocarbons, which pose ecological risks because of their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic potential. Microorganisms play a crucial role in hydrocarbon degradation, and understanding the influence of time and hydrocarbon type on microbial dynamics helps improve bioremediation strategies. In this study, marine water samples were used to assemble microcosms containing different hydrocarbon contaminants (naphthalene–NAF, crude oil–OL, and a synthetic mixture–MIX) and were incubated for 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days under controlled conditions. The bacterial community structure and composition were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with functional prediction via PICRUSt2. Alpha diversity differed significantly among contaminants, with OL and MIX supporting more diverse communities. Beta diversity was shaped by both contaminant type and incubation time. Hydrocarbon-degrading taxa such as <i>Marinobacter</i>, <i>Alteromonas</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Thalassospira</i> dominated at different stages, which was consistent with a functional progression from aliphatic oxidation (K00496) to successive steps of aromatic ring degradation (K00529, K00448, K07104). Together, these results demonstrate that hydrocarbon type and exposure time shape microbial succession, driving taxonomic differentiation and metabolic specialization, and providing insights for improving bioremediation strategies in marine environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1265-1276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Disruption of Thyroid Gland Homeostasis by the Lead and Polychlorinated-Biphenyls Mixture in Rats","authors":"Nikola Stojilković,&nbsp;Biljana Radović,&nbsp;Javier Esteban,&nbsp;Aleksandra Buha Đorđević,&nbsp;Dragana Vukelić,&nbsp;Evica Antonijević Miljaković,&nbsp;Marijana Ćurčić,&nbsp;Milena Anđelković,&nbsp;Zorica Bulat,&nbsp;Danijela Đukić-Ćosić,&nbsp;Katarina Baralić,&nbsp;Jovana Živanović,&nbsp;Đurđica Marić,&nbsp;Biljana Antonijević","doi":"10.1002/tox.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Humans are continuously exposed to a complex mixture of chemicals. While the composition of these mixtures is perpetually changing, most of the risk evaluation is based upon single-component studies. Because both lead (Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous chemicals, we investigated whether the environmentally relevant mixture of these chemicals has any effects on thyroid homeostasis and are these changes are dose dependent. Doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg Pb/kg/day and 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg PCBs/kg/day were administered to male albino <i>Wistar</i> rats using a 3 × 3 dose design for 28 days. At the end of the mixture treatment period, the measurements of the serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were performed. In the thyroid gland tissue, oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. The obtained results were used to create the dose–response models in PROAST. An increase in the level of free thyroxine (FT4), total and free triiodothyronine, TSH, total oxidative status (TOS), and sulfhydryl groups was documented. In contrast, a significant decrease in relative thyroid weight (TW) and total antioxidative status (TAS) was observed, while the significant differences in total thyroxine, rat body weight, and albumin serum levels were not confirmed between the control and the exposed groups. The most sensitive parameter was the decrease in the TAS in thyroid gland tissue, while the benchmark dose's lower confidence limit (BMDL) calculated for the FT4 parameter can be used as a reference point. The presented study and available literature suggest that Pb and PCBs in the mixture can act through their toxicological mechanisms on different levels of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid gland axis, including the disruption of oxidative-antioxidative status.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1151-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147270086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862): Assessment in an Environmental Preservation Area in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Natália Eduarda da Silva,&nbsp;Arllon José dos Santos Dias,&nbsp;Layane Vitoria dos Santos e Santos,&nbsp;Natalie de Matos Araujo,&nbsp;Darlan Coutinho dos Santos,&nbsp;Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz,&nbsp;Gabriel Araujo-Silva","doi":"10.1002/tox.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropogenic activities generate a significant amount of pollutants that are released into the environment, causing physiological and ecological disturbances. Among the xenobiotics present in aquatic ecosystems, numerous chemical and organic compounds have oxidative potential or are metabolized through oxidative processes, which may amplify the damage caused by reactive oxygen species to biological systems. The quantification of cellular damage and antioxidant defenses can be used as biomarkers for early aquatic contamination. The aim of this research was to use the shrimp \u0000 <i>Macrobrachium amazonicum</i>\u0000 as a bioindicator species to assess oxidative damage caused by xenobiotics in an Environmental Protection Area in the Brazilian Amazon. The analyses evaluated physicochemical parameters, Iron, Copper, Total Solids, pH, and Temperature, as well as non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers: Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas homogenates. Among the analyzed metals, only copper (Cu) showed a statistically significant influence on GSH and CAT activities, whereas the other parameters did not exhibit significant effects. Oxidative stress parameters can be important tools in biomonitoring work, helping to understand the effects of contamination on aquatic organisms and providing important information on cellular defense modulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1289-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Health Impacts of Contaminants on Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Along the Southern Coast of Brazil","authors":"Camila Roberta da Silva Ribeiro,&nbsp;Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de Matos,&nbsp;Eloiza Teles Caldart,&nbsp;Liana Rosa,&nbsp;Camila Domit,&nbsp;Guilherme dos Santos Lima,&nbsp;Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense","doi":"10.1002/tox.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemical pollutants pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems. Among these contaminants are trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Green turtles can be employed to evaluate the oceans' health due to their coastal habitats and exposure to multiple threats. This study investigated the anatomopathological findings and assessed the levels of non-essential elements and PAH in the organs of green turtles along the Paraná coast in the South of Brazil. The animals analyzed were found stranded between August 2015 and December 2019, by the Santos Basin Beach Monitoring Project team (PMP-BS). Histopathological analyses were carried out, and the levels of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg) and PAH (dry weight; mg/kg⁻¹) were evaluated. The data were stored in the SIMBA database (Aquatic Biota Monitoring System). Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to verify the possible interactions between histopathological findings and contaminant levels, and Spearman's correlation coefficient was employed to assess the correlation between non-essential elements and the curved carapace length (CCL). A total of 86 specimens were analyzed. The main histopathological findings were systemic congestion and granulomatous infiltrate. Naphthalene was the most frequently observed PAH. Cd and As showed the highest levels, with Cd having more interactions with histopathological findings. Inflammation was observed in several organs and correlated with the presence of non-essential elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and PAH. These results suggest a link between tissue changes in green turtles and environmental contaminants. However, further research is necessary to understand the extent and range of these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1277-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronuclei and Other Nuclear Abnormalities in Patella Limpet as Biomarkers of Cytogenotoxicity in Recreational Port Waters","authors":"Carlos Valiente-Diaz,&nbsp;Eva Garcia-Vazquez,&nbsp;Verónica Soto-López","doi":"10.1002/tox.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decades, the growth in human population and economic activities has led to an increase in maritime traffic. This rise puts additional pressure on marine environments, vessel fuel spills being considered to have a major impact on the ecosystem. In this study we conducted the micronucleus (MN) test on 48 limpets of the genus <i>Patella</i> between June and July 2024, from four marinas of the Asturias coast (SW Bay of Biscay) with different traffic volumes, water metal contents (As, Cd, Hg and Pb), and use of fuel types as determined from a survey to ship owners. We also conducted an experiment exposing limpets to recreational boat contaminants (petrol, diesel, and ecological soap) for 5 days, then analyzing MN and other nuclear abnormalities (NAs). Results revealed that limpets exposed to petrol exhibited the highest MN count, and the highest proportion of MN (over all the NA), followed by those exposed to diesel. The group treated with ecological soap did not differ significantly from the untreated control. Limpets from the biggest Gijón marina exhibited the highest MN count and the highest As concentration. In regression analysis, the level of MN and other NAs in limpets sampled from the marinas was explained directly by the city size, and by the sum of stressors including the proportion of boats using petrol. The proportion of MN over total abnormalities was correlated with the number of moorings. These results support the contribution of recreational boating to cytogenotoxicity in local communities of marine fauna, likely from fuel spills.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1125-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147270073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Chemical Pollutants and Parasitic Fungi on Cyanobacterial Metabolism","authors":"Erika Berenice Martínez-Ruiz,&nbsp;Jutta Fastner,&nbsp;Stephanie Spahr,&nbsp;Justyna Wolinska","doi":"10.1002/tox.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic pollutants, including the widely used herbicide metolachlor (MET) and cigarette butt (CB) litter. Parasites represent an additional biotic stressor that can modulate pollutant effects on their hosts. Cyanobacteria are key primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, and alterations in their metabolism can cascade through trophic webs, affecting ecosystem functioning. However, the metabolic responses of cyanobacteria to simultaneous exposure to pollutants and parasites remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the metabolic response of the toxigenic cyanobacterium \u0000 <i>Planktothrix agardhii</i>\u0000 using a multi-biomarker approach under simultaneous exposure to abiotic (MET and CB leachate) and biotic (the chytrid parasite <i>Rhizophydium megarrhizum</i>) stressors. Co-exposure to MET and chytrids led to a synergistic effect, inducing oxidative stress, primarily countered by non-enzymatic mechanisms, whereas MET alone had no measurable effect. In contrast, CB leachate alone induced oxidative stress, but this effect was mitigated when cyanobacteria were also infected by chytrids, indicating an antagonistic interaction. This study demonstrates the complexity of cyanobacterial metabolic responses to interacting biotic and abiotic stressors and highlights the importance of incorporating host–parasite interactions in ecotoxicological assessments. Metabolic alterations induced in toxigenic cyanobacteria by multiple stressors may influence bloom formation and trophic energy transfer, with broader ecological implications in freshwater ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1299-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147374232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Fungicide Mancozeb in Leaf Litter Enhances Survival and Growth of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Heloise Restello Remus,&nbsp;Gilberto Dinis Cozzer,&nbsp;João Tauchert,&nbsp;Raquel de Brito,&nbsp;Cássia Alves Lima-Rezende,&nbsp;Jacir Dal Magro,&nbsp;Natalia Bastiani da Luz,&nbsp;Daniel Albeny-Simões,&nbsp;Renan de Souza Rezende","doi":"10.1002/tox.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mancozeb is one of the most widely used agricultural fungicides, exhibiting strong efficacy against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi. However, its widespread application comes at the cost of environmental contamination. Here, we show the effects of \u0000 <i>Inga vera</i>\u0000 leaf litter contamination with Mancozeb on life-history traits of \u0000 <i>Aedes aegypti</i>\u0000 , focusing on larval mortality, adult wing size, and wing asymmetry. To evaluate the interactive effects of Mancozeb and \u0000 <i>I. vera</i>\u0000 leaf litter, we tested four treatments prepared from 14-day leachates of \u0000 <i>I. vera</i>\u0000 leaves: Control, 0.3, 15, and 40 μg.L⁻¹ Mancozeb (<i>n</i> = 10 per treatment). Our results revealed that higher Mancozeb concentrations were associated with decreased larval mortality, larger adult body size, and no significant changes in wing asymmetry. These results suggest that the suppression of fungal decomposers and pathogens by Mancozeb preserves organic matter and increases nutrient availability in breeding sites, indirectly enhancing mosquito survival and development. The ecological benefits conferred by Mancozeb on <i>Ae. aegypti</i> populations may, in turn, elevate the transmission risk of vector-borne diseases. By investigating these parameters, we provide insights into how agricultural fungicide contamination in mosquito breeding sites may influence <i>Ae. aegypti</i> population dynamics and vector competence in both rural areas and urban centers adjacent to agricultural zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 11","pages":"1139-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147270151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}