Environmental Entomology最新文献_第4页

Avocado cultivar and tree-to-tree leaf compositional differences affect infestation severity of Pseudocysta perseae (Hemiptera: Tingidae). 鳄梨栽培品种和树与树之间叶片成分的差异会影响 Pseudocysta perseae（半翅目：廷科）的侵扰严重程度。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae066

Michael J Bosch, Peishih Liang, Xiuxiu Sun, Sierra Hall, Ken Love, David Cox, Tracie Matsumoto, Peter A Follett, Dara G Stockton

{"title":"Avocado cultivar and tree-to-tree leaf compositional differences affect infestation severity of Pseudocysta perseae (Hemiptera: Tingidae).","authors":"Michael J Bosch, Peishih Liang, Xiuxiu Sun, Sierra Hall, Ken Love, David Cox, Tracie Matsumoto, Peter A Follett, Dara G Stockton","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ee/nvae066","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado lace bug, Pseudocysta perseae (Heidemann) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is a sap-feeding insect that feeds on the underside of avocado leaves. First observed in 2019, P. perseae has spread throughout the Hawaiian islands, causing premature leaf drop and decrease in avocado yield. Due to Hawai'i's approximately 200 cultivars comprised of all 3 avocado races with extensive racial hybrids, we were able to investigate whether certain cultivars were more prone to experiencing higher P. perseae abundances and infestations compared to others. We conducted longitudinal abundance surveys on Hawai'i Island across several common avocado varieties monitoring changes in P. perseae abundance. These surveys were supplemented with longitudinal infestation severity surveys across 4 avocado lineages (Mexican, Guatemalan, West Indian, and Guatemalan × West Indian hybrid). Additionally, we collected leaves of 'Sharwil', 'Hass', 'Kahalu'u', and 'Nishikawa' cultivars looking at associations between P. perseae abundance and cultivar, herbivory-related biomechanical traits, and soluble sugar content. We found that some cultivars, such as 'Malama', typically experience lower P. perseae abundances compared to cultivars such as 'Kahalu'u', 'Beshore', and 'Sharwil'. Guatemalan × West Indian hybrid trees were also shown to have a higher probability of experiencing more severe P. perseae infestations compared to other lineages. Lastly, soluble sugar content, specifically fructose content, had a positive effect on juvenile P. perseae abundance. These findings suggest that cultivar differences in P. perseae infestations may exist, but tree-to-tree leaf compositional differences, such as soluble sugar content, may be a large driver of variation in P. perseae abundance.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"849-859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field longevity of methyl eugenol and cue-lure plugs and associated insecticidal strips: captures of Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. 甲基丁香酚和诱导露塞及相关杀虫条的野外寿命：在夏威夷捕获的 Bactrocera dorsalis 和 Zeugodacus cucurbitae（双翅目：Tephritidae）。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae064

Todd E Shelly, Thomas J Fezza, Rodolfo Mesa Martin

{"title":"Field longevity of methyl eugenol and cue-lure plugs and associated insecticidal strips: captures of Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii.","authors":"Todd E Shelly, Thomas J Fezza, Rodolfo Mesa Martin","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ee/nvae064","url":null,"abstract":"Certain species of true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause tremendous damage to commercially important fruits and vegetables, and many countries operate continuous trapping programs which rely on male-specific lures such as trimedlure (TML), methyl eugenol (ME), and cue-lure (CL). Traditionally, these attractants have been applied as liquids to cotton wicks inside traps, although this results in high evaporative loss of the lure. Slow-release, polymeric plugs have been widely adopted for TML, but such devices are not widely used for ME or CL. Recent data, however, suggest that ME and CL plugs may be attractive for as long as 12 wk in the field. The present study investigates whether ME and CL plugs weathered for 18 or 24 wk are effective in capturing males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), respectively. For B. dorsalis, 6 g ME plugs were as effective as the control treatment (fresh liquid on a wick) after 12 wk of weathering but not after 18 or 24 wk. For Z. cucurbitae, 3 g CL plugs were as effective as the control treatment (fresh CL plugs) after 12 and 18 wk of weathering but not after 24 wk. The residual content and release rate of the 2 lures were also measured over time, but, with the exception of the residual content of ME, we did not find a direct correlation between these parameters and numbers of flies captured.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"782-788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal profiles of Cicindelidia haemorrhagica (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) activity in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. 黄石国家公园温泉中 Cicindelidia haemorrhagica（鞘翅目：Cicindelidae）活动的热剖面图。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae067

John L Bowley, Chelsea Heveran, David K Weaver, Braymond Adams, Monica Rohwer, Kelly Willemssens, Erik Oberg, Leon G Higley, Robert K D Peterson

{"title":"Thermal profiles of Cicindelidia haemorrhagica (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) activity in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park.","authors":"John L Bowley, Chelsea Heveran, David K Weaver, Braymond Adams, Monica Rohwer, Kelly Willemssens, Erik Oberg, Leon G Higley, Robert K D Peterson","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ee/nvae067","url":null,"abstract":"The wetsalts tiger beetle, Cicindelidia haemorrhagica (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), is found in several active thermal hot spring areas in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) where substrate surface temperatures can exceed 50 °C. However, relationships between surface temperatures and the time adults spend on them remain poorly understood. Therefore, we characterized thermal profiles of Dragon Spring and Rabbit Creek, 2 thermally active research sites containing C. haemorrhagica in YNP, to quantify the time adults spend at different surface temperatures. We took 58 thermal video recordings of adults over 6 total days of observation ranging from 10 to 15 min for each adult. Thermal video analysis results indicated a positive relationship between the total time adult beetles spent on surface temperatures from Dragon Spring and Rabbit Creek as temperatures increased from 20 °C. Once surface temperatures exceeded 40 °C, the total time spent at those surface temperatures declined. Adults were recorded on substrates exceeding 50 °C at one of the 2 research locations. Rabbit Creek had substantially more instances of adults present with surface temperatures exceeding 40 °C, including one individual on a surface temperature of 61.5 °C. There were 3 instances of beetles spending more than 4 min at a particular surface temperature, all within the preferred range of 30-40 °C. Our thermal profile results and previous behavioral observations suggest that adults may be resistant to the heat produced from the thermal waters that influence the substrate temperatures but may not be subject to high surface temperatures as previously reported.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"829-836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The life history consequences of host switching in Ooencyrtus egeria (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of stink bug eggs. 蝽卵寄生虫 Ooencyrtus egeria（膜翅目：Encyrtidae）宿主转换的生活史后果。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae071

Hadis Sedigh, J P Michaud, Fateme Ranjbar, M Amin Jalali, Mahdi Ziaaddini

{"title":"The life history consequences of host switching in Ooencyrtus egeria (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of stink bug eggs.","authors":"Hadis Sedigh, J P Michaud, Fateme Ranjbar, M Amin Jalali, Mahdi Ziaaddini","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ee/nvae071","url":null,"abstract":"The stink bugs Acrosternum arabicum Wagner and Brachynema germari Kolenati (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) damage developing pistachio nuts in Iran. Ooencyrtus egeria Huang and Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizes eggs of both species, alternating between them seasonally. We compared the biological and life history attributes of O. egeria reared for 3 generations on each host species with those that had been transferred to the alternate host for 2 generations. We also tested female responses to host egg density. Eggs of B. germari were parasitized at higher rates and yielded faster wasp development, heavier female progeny with greater fecundity, and a more female-biased sex ratio, than eggs of A. arabicum. Rearing on A. arabicum did not diminish wasp fitness on B. germari, and the F1 progeny of wasps switched to A. arabicum inherited some beneficial parental effects from rearing on B. germari. Regardless of host species, females parasitized fewer eggs in 8 h as density increased from 10 to 30 eggs, but progeny sex ratio (% female) increased. The anomalous response to host density appears to arise from a combination of behavioral and egg load constraints. Females mature only 10-12 eggs per day. Carefully inspect egg clusters before selecting the most suitable eggs for oviposition, a more time-consuming process for large clusters. Our results indicate that rearing O. egeria on eggs of A. arabicum, which are more convenient and cost-effective to produce than those of B. germari, will not diminish its performance on B. germari following augmentative release, beyond a slight reduction in female fecundity.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"753-759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gene expression profiling of Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) infected with Ca. Phytoplasma pyri (Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae) reveals candidate effectors and mechanisms of infection. 用Ca.Phytoplasma pyri（Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae）感染Cacopsylla pyricola（半知菌目：诗虫科）的基因表达谱分析揭示了候选效应因子和感染机制。Phytoplasma pyri（Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae）的基因表达谱分析揭示了候选效应因子和感染机制。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae074

Katherine A Easterling, Adrian T Marshall, Marco Pitino, William B Walker, W Rodney Cooper

{"title":"Gene expression profiling of Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) infected with Ca. Phytoplasma pyri (Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae) reveals candidate effectors and mechanisms of infection.","authors":"Katherine A Easterling, Adrian T Marshall, Marco Pitino, William B Walker, W Rodney Cooper","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ee/nvae074","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplasmas can negatively or positively alter vector host fitness. \"Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri,\" is the causal agent of pear decline in commercial pear (Pyrus communis L.; Rosales: Rosaceae) and peach yellow leafroll in peach [Prunus persica (L.); Rosaceae]. This plant pathogen is transmitted by several species of pear psyllids (Cacopsylla spp. Hemiptera: Psyllidae). We sought to explore the relationship between the pear decline phytoplasma and its US vector, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), at the molecular genetic level through transcriptomic analysis using RNA-sequencing methodology. We also focused on phytoplasma and insect effectors, which are secreted proteins that can modulate interactions within a pathosystem. In this study, we identified 30 differentially expressed genes, 14 candidate insect effector genes, and 8 Ca. Phytoplasma pyri candidate effectors. Two strains of Ca. Phytoplasma pyri were identified based on immunodominant membrane protein sequence analysis from C. pyricola collected in the Pacific Northwest agricultural region. Here, we present a first genetic look at the pear decline pathosystem and report gene candidates for further exploration of infection mechanisms and potential tools for integrated pest management.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"771-781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal activity of plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in small Southeastern peach orchards. 东南部小型桃园中的梅核虫（鞘翅目：Curculionidae）的季节性活动。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae072

Tzu-Chin Jean Liu, Ted E Cottrell, Brett R Blaauw

{"title":"Seasonal activity of plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in small Southeastern peach orchards.","authors":"Tzu-Chin Jean Liu, Ted E Cottrell, Brett R Blaauw","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ee/nvae072","url":null,"abstract":"Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a key pest in Southeastern peach production by infesting fruit and decreasing yield. In Northeastern apples, plum curculio was found to have an \"edge effect,\" where more plum curculio are present next to a forested border than in the center of an orchard, and their propensity to fly or walk depended on air temperature. We conducted field studies over 3 seasons (2019-2021) to investigate whether plum curculio in small Southeastern peach plots exhibits the edge effect and to determine its primary mode of movement (flying or walking). Our results revealed that plum curculio did not exhibit the edge effect in Southeastern peaches. Thus, unlike Northeastern apples where plum curculio exhibits the edge effect, the reduced-input application program where insecticide sprays mainly target a few perimeter-row trees instead of the whole orchard for plum curculio management is not recommended for Southeastern peaches. Additionally, we observed that plum curculio in Southeastern peaches did not exhibit a primary mode of movement, and in most of the sampling weeks, the numbers of flying and walking plum curculio were not significantly correlated in the field. These results emphasize that using plum curculio sampling tools that only capture flying or walking plum curculio is not ideal for monitoring plum curculio activity in the Southeast. Overall, our findings indicate that plum curculio in Southeastern small peach plots and Northeastern apples does not exhibit the same behavior (i.e., edge effect and propensity to fly or walk).","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"801-814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prosapia bicincta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) abundance, plant associations, and impacts on groundcover in Hawai'i Island rangelands. 夏威夷大岛牧场中 Prosapia bicincta（半翅目：Cercopidae）的丰度、植物关联以及对地被植物的影响。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae062

Shannon Wilson, Mark S Thorne, Melissa A Johnson, Daniel C Peck, Mark G Wright

{"title":"Prosapia bicincta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) abundance, plant associations, and impacts on groundcover in Hawai'i Island rangelands.","authors":"Shannon Wilson, Mark S Thorne, Melissa A Johnson, Daniel C Peck, Mark G Wright","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ee/nvae062","url":null,"abstract":"The twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), is a major economic pest of forage grass and turfgrass. Prosapia bicincta was first detected in rangelands on Hawai'i Island in 2016 and has since spread to an estimated 72,000 ha in the North and South Kona districts. This study aimed to quantify P. bicincta abundance, plant associations, and impacts on groundcover over time. Monthly surveys of P. bicincta nymphs and adults were conducted from February 2018 to September 2022 along 17 established 100-m transects at 4 ranches located in Kona, Hawai'i Island, spanning an elevation gradient from 519 to 1,874 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Monitoring revealed P. bicincta occurs from 519 to 1,679 m a.s.l., primarily in Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.)) Morrone (Poales: Poaceae) pastures. Peaks in P. bicincta abundance coincided with the wet season, with most activity occurring from April to October and little to no activity between November and March. Mid elevation (1,000-1,300 m) transects had significantly higher mean P. bicincta abundance (126 nymphs/m2) relative to low (500-999 m) (64 nymphs/m2) and high elevations (>1,300 m) (20 nymphs/m2). Sites with the highest abundance of P. bicincta were also associated with the greatest decrease in mean grass cover (30%) and were replaced by forbs, bare ground, and shrubs. Grasses accounted for 72% of the total P. bicincta detections, with the remaining plants comprised of legumes (16%), sedges (6%), and forbs (6%). Twenty new P. bicincta plant associations were found. This information will help improve the effectiveness of management to suppress populations below economic thresholds.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"870-880"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maturation of field-collected female Agriotes obscurus and Agriotes lineatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) over their swarming period. 野外采集的雌性 Agriotes obscurus 和 Agriotes lineatus（鞘翅目：食蚁兽科）在蜂群期间的成熟。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae073

Willem G van Herk, Robert S Vernon, Aimee McGowan, Esther Driver, Amanda Schrack, Nicole Davie

{"title":"Maturation of field-collected female Agriotes obscurus and Agriotes lineatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) over their swarming period.","authors":"Willem G van Herk, Robert S Vernon, Aimee McGowan, Esther Driver, Amanda Schrack, Nicole Davie","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae073","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ee/nvae073","url":null,"abstract":"Larvae of two species of click beetle, Agriotes obscurus and Agriotes lineatus, are important pests of vegetable and field crops in both Europe and North America. Both species have been long and extensively studied, but to date little is known regarding the maturation and egg development of female beetles relative to their swarming periods. This knowledge is important for developing wireworm management tactics that target female beetles, as these would ideally eliminate the beetles before they oviposit. This paper is an attempt to address this knowledge gap. We dissected 2,450 female A. obscurus and 477 female A. lineatus collected in southwestern British Columbia in 2015-2020, and describe how their abdominal lipid content and number of mature eggs change during their swarming period. Based on the presence of mature and immature eggs, active ovarioles, and lipid content, we propose 6 consecutive beetle maturity stages. Beetles collected early in the season have high lipid content and no eggs. Over time, immature, then mature eggs appear and the lipid content decreases dramatically. Ovarioles are generally active throughout the swarming period, even when lipids are no longer present, suggesting that for these species egg laying may continue until the end of the season, and that fecundity depends both on a beetle's original lipid content at emergence, and subsequent diet.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"815-828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A history of susceptibility to parasites and divergence in solitary, gregarious and agonistic behaviors of embiopterans. 蝶类对寄生虫的易感性以及独居、群居和群居行为的分化史。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae083

Emily A Arias, Andrew M Schatz, Soondree E Kliefoth, Edward C Rooks, Janice S Edgerly

{"title":"A history of susceptibility to parasites and divergence in solitary, gregarious and agonistic behaviors of embiopterans.","authors":"Emily A Arias, Andrew M Schatz, Soondree E Kliefoth, Edward C Rooks, Janice S Edgerly","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvae083","url":null,"abstract":"Two species of Haploembia Ramburi (Oligotomidae: Embioptera), nonnative detritivores found in the western USA, display solitary tendencies, not typical for webspinners that usually share silk galleries. Reports from the 1960s based on native populations in Italy highlighted the impact of a gregarine that depressed male sterility and female survivorship in Haploembia solieri (Rambur). Sympatric asexual Haploembia tarsalis (Ross) lives a normal lifespan when parasitized, albeit suffering from reduced fecundity. Our goal is to characterize behavioral repertoires as individuals interact and to develop methods for future investigations focused on the impact of the little-known parasite. We quantified individual responses to conspecifics or other species in 10-min dyadic interactions and, in a 3-day trial, determined whether they aggregated when given dispersed resources. Replicated groups of four adult female H. solieri or H. tarsalis settled away from each other over the 3-day trials. In 10-min bouts of same or different species pairs, focal insects bolted back, retreated and attempted to escape when they encountered one another, especially when the opponent was H. tarsalis. Males courted conspecific females, but were dramatically repelled by H. tarsalis. Serving as a positive control, Oligotoma nigra (Hagen) (Oligotomidae) adult females paired with conspecifics displayed typical webspinner behaviors by sitting together, sharing silk. Haploembia solieri males did not respond negatively to O. nigra, not known to be parasitized by the gregarine, but did so when paired with H. tarsalis. Results align with the prediction that susceptibility to parasitism may have led to antisocial behaviors observed in two Haploembia species.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three-layered functionally specialized nest structures enhance strength and water retention in mounds of Globitermes sulphureus (Blattodea: Termitidae). 三层功能特化的巢穴结构增强了硫磺蚁（Blattodea: Termitidae）蚁丘的强度和保水性。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Environmental Entomology Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae093

Chun-I Chiu, Korrawat Attasopa, Sinsap Wongkoon, Yupa Chromkaew, Hauchuan Liao, Kuan-Chih Kuan, Piyawan Suttiprapan, Ikhsan Guswenrivo, Hou-Feng Li, Yuwatida Sripontan

{"title":"Three-layered functionally specialized nest structures enhance strength and water retention in mounds of Globitermes sulphureus (Blattodea: Termitidae).","authors":"Chun-I Chiu, Korrawat Attasopa, Sinsap Wongkoon, Yupa Chromkaew, Hauchuan Liao, Kuan-Chih Kuan, Piyawan Suttiprapan, Ikhsan Guswenrivo, Hou-Feng Li, Yuwatida Sripontan","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvae093","url":null,"abstract":"Termite mounds are a ubiquitous feature of savanna ecosystems, yet the mechanisms by which termites (Blattodea: Termitoidae) mitigate the challenges posed by seasonal drought and flooding through mound construction remain insufficiently explored. This study investigates the material properties, water retention capabilities, and resistance to raindrop penetration across three distinct layers of Globitermes sulphureus (Haviland, 1898) (Blattodea: Termitidae) nests. Our findings reveal a pronounced diversification and specialization of materials and functions across these layers. Specifically, the outer layer has decreased moisture permeability, the middle layer has enhanced resistance to water penetration, and the innermost layer has a high capacity for water retention. The integration of these functionally specialized layers provides a compelling evidence for explaining how these termites are able to adapt to the fluctuating environmental conditions characteristic of savanna ecosystems. Furthermore, this highlights the nest's buffering capability against environmental stressors. The complexity of this construction, marked by a level of self-organization rarely observed in the animal kingdom, underscores a significant instance of architectural ingenuity among non-human builders.","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0