Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of the epidemic process of Lyme borreliosis in the Sverdlovsk district over a 20-year period","authors":"Н. М. Колясникова, Л. Г. Чистякова, А. В. Пономарева, А. Е. Платонов, В. В. Романенко, Татьяна Александровна Чеканова, А. В. Титков, А. А. Ишмухаметов, В. Г. Акимкин, NM Kolyasnikova, LG Chistyakova, AV Ponomareva, AE Platonov, VV Romanenko, TA Chekanova, A. Titkov, AA Ishmukhametov, VG Akimkin","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-47-54","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The Sverdlovsk district is a tense natural focus for Lyme borreliosis (LB) with a constantly recorded incidence that exceeds these indicators in the Russian Federation and the Ural Federal region several times. LB is registered on 56 of 59 administrative territories of the district. Currently, the count of LB in the Russian Federation includes both infections caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group Borrelia and infections caused by Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato group Borrelia.Aim. To characterize the epidemic process of LB in the territory of the Sverdlovsk district over a 20-year period (2002–2021).Materials and methods. The paper uses data from federal and regional statistical observations, reporting materials of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in the Sverdlovsk district for 2002–2021, methods of statistical analysis.Results and discussion. During the follow–up period (2002–2021), the incidence rate of BL in the Sverdlovsk district exceeded the average long-term level in the Russian Federation by almost 3 times, and in the Ural Federal region – by 1.8 times. Among the mechanisms and ways of transmission of LB pathogens, the vector-borne mechanism dominated (84.5%), the share of the unidentified pathway was 15.4%, alimentary (when using raw goat's milk) – 0.1%. The duration of the epidemic season for LB in the district was 10 months (from March to December) with a peak incidence in June. Cases of LB were registered among people of different ages, with a predominance in the group of 60 years and older (39.1%). An analysis of the distribution of people with LB by social composition showed that pensioners prevailed among them – 36.3%, officials made up 27.8%, unemployed – 14.1%. Among the cases, a high proportion of schoolchildren and children under 7 years old were noted. It was found that erythematous and non-erythematous forms of LB are registered in the district, with a predominance of erythematous (64.5%). The main etiological agent of the erythematous form is Borrelia garinii, while the non-erythematous form is Borrelia miyamotoi and B. garinii. In the general structure of morbidity, the number of cases of LB is largely determined by the city inhabitants (92.9%). There were no fatal outcomes in LB in the territory of the district during the studied period.Conclusions. Due to the lack of vaccination of LB worldwide, the only strategy to reduce the incidence of LB is non-specific prevention and timely diagnosis of the disease, including data from epidemiological history, clinical and laboratory diagnostics. The long-term clinical and epidemiological and laboratory studies conducted by us in the Sverdlovsk district allowed us to characterize the main manifestations of the epidemic process of LB and to improve the diagnosis of the disease.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91327875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness Analysis of a Compromise Approach to Solving the Problem of Refusal of Influenza Vaccination","authors":"I. Kolesin, E. Zhitkova","doi":"10.31631/20733046-2023-22-2-103-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/20733046-2023-22-2-103-106","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The ineffectiveness of current methods of engaging the population in vaccine prophylaxis leads to the need to develop new means of solving the problem of vaccination abandonment.Aims is to show the effect of applying the theory of compromise solutions to the analysis of the problem of refusal of influenza vaccination.Materials and methods. Data on number of vaccinated and morbidity among vaccinated and unvaccinated; the research method is based on the compilation of criteria reflecting the interests of the administration and the population, followed by finding a compromise solution and evaluating it using an indicator of tensions.Results. Based on data on morbidity among vaccinated and unvaccinated, the existence of an optimal percentage of vaccinated for the adult population and for each of the three risk groups is shown: medical staff, service employees and persons over 60 years of age; on the example of the group «persons over 60 years of age», the possibility of reducing tension in the case of replacing a single vaccination with a complex one is shown.Conclusion. The effectiveness of the application of the theory of compromise solutions to the assessment of tensions between the sanitary and epidemiological inspection service and the population in terms of vaccination is presented; the possibility of reducing tension by switching to complex immunoprophylaxis is presented.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"20 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75550124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 in Persons Living with HIV Complicated by Tuberculosis","authors":"I. Lebedeva, O. D. Borodkina, T. Bondarenko, Ye. B. Brusina","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-66-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-66-78","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. At present, three infections – HIV infection, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 - are spreading simultaneously in the world. Of great practical importance is the assessment of clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis, COVID-19. Aim. To study the risk of COVID-19 disease and identify clinical and epidemiological features in and population of patients with HIV infection complicated by tuberculosis in comparison with patients with HIV infection and the population without these diseases.Materials and methods. Since 13.03.2020 by 31.12.2021 in the Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass, a continuous prospective analytical epidemiological study of the case-control type was performed. Of those with COVID-19, two observation groups were formed: group I (HIV +), group II (HIV/TB) and comparison group III (persons without either HIV or tuberculosis). All patients underwent: determination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, standard examination methods in accordance with the temporary methodological recommendations «Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)», relevant at the time of treatment.Results. The incidence of COVID-19 among patients with HIV infection complicated by tuberculosis exceeded the incidence of COVID-19 among HIV-infected by 14%. There were no gender differences between patients I (HIV +) and II (HIV/TB) groups. In the comparison group, the incidence of COVID-19 was 1.26 times higher in women compared to men. COVID-19 disease in patients with co-infection (HIV/TB) was predominantly mild. Viral pneumonia developed 1.86 times less often, oxygenotherapy was required only in 18.75% of cases, which is 2.5 times lower than in group I (HIV +) and 2.47 times less than in the comparison group (III). In labeled pairs, clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in all groups occurred with the same frequency. Metabolic disorders were evident in all groups. Co-infected patients (HIV/TB) had higher levels of D-dimer, ESR, total bilirubin.Conclusion. Active tuberculosis in HIV-infected people is a factor that increases the risk of COVID-19 disease without affecting the severity of the infectious process.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79541388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious Morbidity in Closed Long-Term Care Facilities in the «Pre-COVID Stage»","authors":"V. Akimkin, N. G. Davydova, S. Ugleva, Z. Ponezheva, S. Shabalina","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-107-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-107-116","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Elderly people have become the fastest growing segment of the global population over the past few decades. The number of people over the working age in Russia, and with them citizens living in closed long-term care facilities (CLTFS), is growing. Residents of these organizations belong to the risk group, and CLTFS have a number of characteristics that turn these institutions into a unique environment for the spread of infectious diseases.Aims. To analyze the CLTFS residents infectious morbidity in the \"pre-covid stage\" (according to literature sources). A scientific review of research in Russian and English using information portals and platforms has been carried out eLIBRARY. ru , Web of Science, PubMed, Google Academy and Scopus for the period 1981-2022. The search was carried out by keywords. Information about the most frequent infectious diseases affecting residents of closed long-term care institutions was the criterion for inclusion in the sample of publications. Out of 16171 initially identified articles, 61 publications were selected after initial analysis.Conclusions. According to various estimates, the leading infectious diseases in CLTFS were: acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, skin and mucous infections, acute intestinal infections. The article describes pathogens and their prevalence in CLTFS including pathogens with multiple drug resistance (MDR), describes the resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs formation problem in these organizations, as well as development of certain diseases risk factors. Studies conducted in various CLTFS in Europe, Russia, the USA, and Asia indicate a high prevalence of infectious diseases among their residents, high colonization of residents with antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, as well as the infection transmission probability from the CLTFS and its spread to other long-term care institutions and medical and preventive organizations.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84784637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the COVID-19 Epidemic Process in Each of the of the Five Waves of Morbidity in Russia","authors":"L. Karpova, A. Komissarov, K. Stolyarov, N. M. Popovtseva, T. P. Stolyarova, M. Y. Pelikh, D. Lioznov","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-23-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-23-36","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the intensity of the epidemic process in each of the five waves of COVID-19 in Russia.Materials and methods. The data on morbidity, hospitalization and deaths from COVID-19 of the population as a whole and by age groups from 48 (in the I rise) to 54 cities (in the V wave) and data from the website of the Russian consortium for sequencing coronavirus genomes were analyzed.Results. The nature of the course of the first 5 waves in the incidence of COVID-19 in Russia remains undulating. The waves in morbidity began in megacities, and the direction of spread across the FD differed in different waves of morbidity. The results of gene sequencing showed the participation of the main genovariants of the coronavirus in the etiology of diseases up to 3-4 waves. Some genovariants identified earlier received maximum distribution in the following wave. In Russia, the European descendants of the Wuhan strain (74.4%) were dominant in the I wave in morbidity, in the II wave – its daughter genovariants (68.5%), in the III – AY.122 (80.1%), in the IV – AY.122 (84.7%) and in the V wave – Omicron (76.7%).Conclusions. The features of each wave in the incidence of COVID-19 depended on the properties of the dominant genovariants: their ability to transmit from person to person and virulence. The rate of spread of the epidemic by FD, the susceptibility of all age groups and the intensity of epidemics were maximal during the period of the V wave in morbidity with the Omicron gene variant. Mortality was minimal in the I wave of morbidity, maximal in the IV with AY.122 strains and low in the V wave with Omicron genovariants. The influence of the season of the year was manifested in the summer season by an increase in the incidence of COVID-19 earlier in the Russian Federation as a whole (immediately after megacities) than in most federal districts, but with a lower incidence.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87148201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Characteristics of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Sverdlovsk District over a 20-Year Period","authors":"N. Kolyasnikova, L. Chistyakova, A. V. Ponomareva, A. E. Platonov, V. V. Romanenko, А. Ishmukhametov, V. Akimkin","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-37-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-37-46","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Despite the ongoing program of mass vaccination of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) for more than 20 years in the Sverdlovsk district, the incidence rate of TBE continues to exceed the average in Russia and the Ural Federal region.Aim. To analyze the main indicators of the manifestation of the epidemic process of TBE in the territory of the Sverdlovsk district under the conditions of planned vaccination over a 20-year period (2002–2021).Materials and methods. The article uses data from federal and regional statistical observations, reporting materials of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in the Sverdlovsk district for 2002-2021, methods of statistical analysis.Results and discussion. During the study period (2002-2021), 3861 cases of TBE were registered in the Sverdlovsk district, while the highest incidence rate was detected in 2005 – 10.1 per 100 thousand population, and the lowest in 2020 – 1.0 per 100 thousand population. The share of the vector-borne mechanism was 78.4%, the unidentified path – 20.1%, alimentary – 1.5%. Analysis of the seasonal distribution of cases of TBE showed that the incidence is recorded from April to November. Cases of TBE were recorded in all age groups, including the child population. Most often, people aged 60 years old and older (24.6%) were ill with TBE. Among the children's population, the largest share fell on children aged 7–14 years (5.4%). Men of working age prevailed among the patients (66.0%). TBE was mainly registered among the unvaccinated population (81.5%) with a predominance of urban (86.1%). Officials predominated among the sick persons – 29.8%, pensioners made up 22.3%, unemployed – 19.8%. Persons whose work is professionally connected with the forest made up only 0.6%. The ongoing program of mass vaccination of TBE has led to a decrease in the proportion of severe and moderate forms of diseases (focal – 9.8% and meningeal – 24.0%) and an increase in the proportion of febrile (33.8%) and atypical forms (32.4%). Deaths during the studied period were recorded mainly among the adult unvaccinated population.Conclusions. The Sverdlovsk district continues to be a tense natural focus of TBE with a constantly recorded incidence among contingents of different age and social groups. In the absence of highly effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of TBE, the only strategy for reducing the incidence of TBE, the development of severe forms and deaths in the territory of the Sverdlovsk district is mass vaccination of the population.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86279004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus XBB.1.5 as an Indicator of the Long-Term Continuation of the Covid-19 pandemic. What Next for Vaccination?","authors":"E. P. Kharchenko","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-12-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-12-22","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the properties of the pandemic strain XBB.1.5 S protein in comparison with the 1918 and 2009 pandemic strains hemagglutinin H1. The S-protein XBB.1.5 already contains more than 40 mutations realized by substituting different amino acids through single and dinucleotide substitutions, deletions and the use of predominantly transversions. The variability of H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is associated with single nucleotide substitutions at a constant length. Conditional extrapolation of influenza virus hemagglutinin variability data on coronavirus S-protein sizes suggests that new pandemic strains will emerge in the next 2-3 years, avoiding the immune defense formed by vaccination against the strains preceding them. The inability to create through the adaptive immune system a long-term immunity to pandemic coronaviruses, as well as to other respiratory viruses with a short incubation cycle, puts on the agenda the need to find new vaccine designs that provide a combination of long-term adaptive and trained immunity. The problem in the search for such vaccines is associated with the regulation of the activity of the innate immune system and ensuring the stability of trained immunity.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79424207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standards for the Epidemiological Investigation of Measles and Rubella Foci","authors":"O. Tsvirkun, N. Tikhonova, A. Gerasimova, N. Turaeva, L. Barkinkhoeva, N. Briko","doi":"10.31631/2073-30462023-22-2-4-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-30462023-22-2-4-11","url":null,"abstract":"In practical medicine, standards for the provision of therapeutic and preventive care have been used for a long time, but in epidemiology this concept has not yet been reflected in regulatory documents. Epidemiologists need a standard of epidemiological investigation of cases of measles and rubella infection, which must be eliminated. The use of specific terms, the interaction of specialists of various profiles, the emphasis on the classification of the case – «local», «imported from the territory of another state», «imported from another territory of Russia», the need to assess the degree of secondary spread of infection imposes its own characteristics on the epidemiological investigation of measles and rubella cases. The use of standards would optimize this process, prevent errors and minimize the time of localization and elimination of the outbreak.The standard of epidemiological investigation of measles and rubella cases consists of three independent sections, such as examination of the focus, laboratory examination of patients and directions of information flows between medical organizations and organizations of the sanitary and epidemiological service. The main parameters of the epidemiological examination of a measles/rubella outbreak are — person, time, place, contacts; this is the sequence provided for when collecting and analyzing identification and epidemiological information about the patient. The laboratory research section determines the implementing organization, the type of clinical sample, taking into account the research method, the timing of taking the material for research, the volume, frequency, time of delivery of the material to the laboratory and the timing of obtaining the result. The epidemiological investigation ends with the execution of a number of documents, such as the «Map of the epidemiological examination of the focus of an infectious disease», «The Act of investigation with the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships», as well as the control of anti-epidemic measures. The model of the direction of information flows provides for the order of interaction of various organizations: the movement of reports, clinical samples, research results and «Maps of epidemiological examination of the focus of an infectious disease», etc., as well as regulated deadlines for the implementation of measures. Since the standard is a single, binding scheme of actions, the practical application of the standard of epidemiological investigation of measles and rubella will allow collecting and processing information in a single format throughout the country.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77234778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the epidemic process and epidemic risks of COVID-19 in the subjects of the Northern Caucasus","authors":"V. Makhova, O. Maletskaya, A. Kulichenko","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-1-74-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-1-74-81","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The peculiarities of the course of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the regions of the world, as a rule, are determined by the epidemic risks characteristic of them. Identification and evaluation of the latter is necessary to improve measures to counter infection in a particular area. Aim. To study the features of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the regions of the North Caucasus, to identify and assess the impact of epidemic risk factors on the epidemic situation. Materials and methods. The data of the Departments of Rospotrebnadzor for the subjects of the North Caucasus, Internet resources: stopkoronavirus were used Russia, Johns Hopkins University and Our World in Data project. Statistical processing was carried out using methods of variation statistics and MS Excel software package (2016, USA). Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's coefficient. Results. As of 01.12.2021, the incidence of COVID-19 in the Caucasus was lower than the Russian average (3890.0 and 65921.8 per 100 thousand population), and the mortality rate was higher (4.8 and 1.9%, respectively). The dynamics of the epidemic process as a whole repeated the situation in the Russian Federation, but with a delay of each phase by 2–3 weeks and had 4 periods of rising morbidity (waves), with the exception of the Stavropol Territory, the Republics of Adygea and Ingushetia, where three waves of morbidity were observed. In the Republics of Dagestan, Chechen and Adygea, a high proportion of community-acquired pneumonia was noted - 58.8, 47.0 and 34.1%, respectively. The mortality rate from a new coronavirus infection was higher than the national average in Dagestan (in the period of the 1st wave – 4.7%), Krasnodar Krai (in the period of the 2nd wave – 5.0%; 3 – 12.6%, in 4 – 9.9%), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (in the 3rd period of the rise – 9.0%) and in Stavropol Krai (in 4 – 7.6%). The lowest mortality from COVID-19 in the 3rd and 4th periods of the rise in morbidity in the North Caucasus was registered in Ingushetia – 2.2 and 2.1%, respectively. The exceptional situation in the Republic of Dagestan is due not only to a large proportion of community acquired pneumonia and high mortality from COVID-19, compared with other regions of the North Caucasus and Russia as a whole, but also to an increase in excess mortality in the republic. The excess of the average annual (over the previous 5 years) number of deaths in the Caucasus in 2020 was +19.8%, in 2021 +32.7%, in the Russian Federation as a whole 14.8 and 31.4%, respectively. Conclusion. The general epidemic risks of COVID-19 for the North Caucasus region have been identified – the level of vaccination, the implementation of non–specific prevention measures, as well as local risks for specific regions: in Dagestan – adherence to local mass ceremonies, as well as insufficient control over the implementation of restrictive measures, in Ingushetia – relatively high population density.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73747041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Formation of Seroprevalence to SARS-CoV2 in the Population of the Republic of Tatarstan during the Spread of COVID-19","authors":"I. Reshetnikova, E. Agafonova, N. Khakimov, Yury A Tyurin, N. D. Shaуkhrazieva, V. B. Ziatdinov","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-1-13-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-1-13-21","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. It is relevant to study the features of the formation and duration of the humoral immune response to a new coronavirus infection in a high-risk group of infection - among medical workers. Aims. To study the dynamics of the levels of specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) to SARS-CoV2 in unvaccinated MRs of the temporary infectious diseases hospital to assess the trends of the individual humoral immune response to a new coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. We monitored IgM and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in 68 unvaccinated healthcare workers monthly from July 2020 to July 2021 by two-stage direct solid-phase ELISA using the test systems «SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA-BEST» and «SARS-CoV-2-IgM-ELISA-BEST», Russia. Among them, there were 26.5% men and 73.5% women, the average age was 43.5 ± 1.51 years, doctors 52.9%, paramedical personnel 36.8% and junior staff 10.3%. 69.1% had a history of clinical manifestations of COVID19, among them 42.7% had a mild infection, 20.6% had a moderate infection, and 5.9% had a severe infection, 30.9% were asymptomatic. Statistical processing were carried out using the methods of variation statistics using the Excel statistical package and the WinPepi software product (version 11.65). Results. A decrease in the geometric mean value of IgM titers to SARS-CoV-2 (average monthly decrease of 6.40%) and an increase in the geometric mean value of IgG titers (average monthly increase of 4.26%). An individual assessment of the dynamics of antibodies from the day with the first positive result showed a decrease in the geometric mean values of antibody titers and IgM and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 (monthly average decrease of -23.56% and -1.18%, respectively). An individual assessment of the immune response made it possible to distinguish three groups according to the dynamics of IgM: M0 -IgM in the blood were absent (50 ± 5.7446%); M1 -IgM persisted for        1–2 months, followed by a rapid decrease in titer (16.176 ± 3.7943%); M2 – IgM remained in the blood for three or more months (33.824 ± 5.1033%). By the nature of the dynamics of IgG MR were divided into four troupes. With a downward trend in IgG titer: G0 – IgG does not exceed 95% of the upper confidence limit of the individual trend in any of the samples taken (19.118 ± 4.7686%), G1 – does not exceed 95% of the upper confidence limit of the individual trend starting from 3 months after the start observations (4.412 ± 2.4903%), G2 – there is an excess of 95% of the upper confidence limit of the individual trend starting from 3 months after the start of observation (69.118 ± 5.6027%); G3 – with a trend of increasing IgG titer (7.353 ± 3.1651%). Сonclusions. The results of serological monitoring as a whole indicate the formation of herd immunity in this cohort. Monitoring the intensity of the individual immune response to SARS-CoV-2 throughout the year reflects the natural course of the infectious process and is the basis     for vaccination against COVID-19. The results of serologic","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88153052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}