麻疹、风疹疫源地流行病学调查标准

O. Tsvirkun, N. Tikhonova, A. Gerasimova, N. Turaeva, L. Barkinkhoeva, N. Briko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在实际医学中,提供治疗和预防保健的标准已经使用了很长时间,但在流行病学中,这一概念尚未反映在规范性文件中。流行病学家需要对麻疹和风疹感染病例进行标准的流行病学调查,必须消除这种情况。具体术语的使用,不同背景专家的互动,对病例分类的强调-“本地”,“从其他国家领土输入”,“从俄罗斯其他领土输入”,需要评估感染的二次传播程度,这给麻疹和风疹病例的流行病学调查带来了自己的特点。使用标准将优化这一过程,防止错误,并最大限度地缩短定位和消除疫情的时间。麻疹和风疹病例流行病学调查标准由三个独立的部分组成,如焦点检查、患者实验室检查和医疗机构与卫生和流行病学服务机构之间的信息流动方向。麻疹/风疹暴发流行病学检查的主要参数为:人、时间、地点、接触者;这是在收集和分析有关患者的鉴定和流行病学信息时提供的顺序。实验室研究部门决定实施机构、临床样本的类型,考虑到研究方法、研究材料的时间、材料到实验室的数量、频率、时间和获得结果的时间。流行病学调查结束时,执行了一些文件,如《传染病集中流行病学检查图》、《确定因果关系的调查法》以及防治流行病措施的控制。信息流方向模式规定了各组织之间的相互作用顺序:报告、临床样本、研究结果和“传染病集中流行病学检查图”等的流动,以及规定了执行措施的最后期限。由于该标准是一项具有约束力的单一行动计划,麻疹和风疹流行病学调查标准的实际应用将允许在全国范围内以单一格式收集和处理信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Standards for the Epidemiological Investigation of Measles and Rubella Foci
In practical medicine, standards for the provision of therapeutic and preventive care have been used for a long time, but in epidemiology this concept has not yet been reflected in regulatory documents. Epidemiologists need a standard of epidemiological investigation of cases of measles and rubella infection, which must be eliminated. The use of specific terms, the interaction of specialists of various profiles, the emphasis on the classification of the case – «local», «imported from the territory of another state», «imported from another territory of Russia», the need to assess the degree of secondary spread of infection imposes its own characteristics on the epidemiological investigation of measles and rubella cases. The use of standards would optimize this process, prevent errors and minimize the time of localization and elimination of the outbreak.The standard of epidemiological investigation of measles and rubella cases consists of three independent sections, such as examination of the focus, laboratory examination of patients and directions of information flows between medical organizations and organizations of the sanitary and epidemiological service. The main parameters of the epidemiological examination of a measles/rubella outbreak are — person, time, place, contacts; this is the sequence provided for when collecting and analyzing identification and epidemiological information about the patient. The laboratory research section determines the implementing organization, the type of clinical sample, taking into account the research method, the timing of taking the material for research, the volume, frequency, time of delivery of the material to the laboratory and the timing of obtaining the result. The epidemiological investigation ends with the execution of a number of documents, such as the «Map of the epidemiological examination of the focus of an infectious disease», «The Act of investigation with the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships», as well as the control of anti-epidemic measures. The model of the direction of information flows provides for the order of interaction of various organizations: the movement of reports, clinical samples, research results and «Maps of epidemiological examination of the focus of an infectious disease», etc., as well as regulated deadlines for the implementation of measures. Since the standard is a single, binding scheme of actions, the practical application of the standard of epidemiological investigation of measles and rubella will allow collecting and processing information in a single format throughout the country.
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