Environmental Technology & Innovation最新文献

{"title":"Explainable machine learning links organic-matter stress to microbial controls of sedimentary ammonium accumulation in marsh-type shallow lakes","authors":"Ziyang Zhu ,&nbsp;Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengfang Wen ,&nbsp;Baoqing Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow lakes with high primary productivity and macrophyte dominance often accumulate organic matter (OM) in sediments, which can promote ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) accumulation and increase the risk of free-ammonia toxicity. However, under high-OM conditions, the microbial functional changes associated with NH₄⁺-N accumulation, as well as their key environmental drivers and threshold windows, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated Baiyangdian Lake, a representative macrophyte-dominated shallow lake, by integrating high-throughput sequencing, qPCR quantification, and interpretable machine learning (XGBoost–SHAP). The results showed a clear functional divergence under high OM relative to low OM, characterized by enhanced mineralization but suppressed nitrification: <em>ureC</em> increased by 40.63 %, whereas archaeal <em>amoA</em> and bacterial <em>amoA</em> decreased by 94.88 % and 94.30 %, respectively. SHAP further indicated that OM is a core driver of variations in these three functional genes and exhibits threshold-like nonlinear effects: both <em>amoA</em> genes shifted to suppression when OM exceeded 19.62 %/22.27 %, while <em>ureC</em> shifted to promotion when OM exceeded 12.71 % and approached saturation at OM ≈ 17 %. Together, this study reveals distinct threshold regimes in sediment nitrogen functioning associated with NH₄⁺-N buildup, offering quantitative cues to delineate sensitive intervals of internal nitrogen risk and inform targeted management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104787"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting patterns of antibiotic resistance and metal resistance genes between free living and particle attached bacteria in a hypertrophic lake","authors":"Shengxing Wang ,&nbsp;Yiwei Lu ,&nbsp;Lei Jiang ,&nbsp;Kaining Chen ,&nbsp;Jiawei Gao ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Wan ,&nbsp;Li-Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Qinglong L. Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The eutrophication and algal blooms caused by human activities significantly change the structure of lake microbial communities. Yet whether this process can also cause changes in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), metal resistance genes (MRGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) urgently needs to be investigated. In this study, metagenomic approaches were employed to investigate the abundance, diversity, relationships and hosts of ARGs, MRGs, MGEs and virulence factors (VFs) in free-living (FL) and particle-associated (PA) fractions during cyanobacterial blooms. The diversities of resistance genes were significantly higher in the FL fraction, while the abundance of MRGs and MGEs were greater in the PA fraction. Large-sized cyanobacterial aggregates may alter the bacterial community structure and modulate the diversity and abundance of resistance genes across distinct fractions. These aggregates enhanced topological complexity and multidimensional connectivity of microbial networks, while harboring elevated transposon abundance. Metagenomic assembly results demonstrated a high-frequency co-occurrence of transposons with MRGs, particularly in cyanobacteria-derived assembled sequences. This suggests that cyanobacterial aggregates, which are enriched with transposases, may facilitate the dissemination of MRGs in the environment. Furthermore, we identified potential pathogenic bacteria harboring multiple resistance genes and VFs. This work provides a systematic profile of resistance genes across fractions during cyanobacterial blooms, revealing distinct trends between ARGs and MRGs. These findings offer critical insights for developing effective lake management strategies to curb the dissemination of resistance genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104705"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal flood mitigation under dynamic shoreline change: Integrated modeling approach","authors":"Anjar Dimara Sakti ,&nbsp;Yusa Inderapermana ,&nbsp;Akiyuki Kawasaki ,&nbsp;Cokro Santoso ,&nbsp;Hazel Yordan Komara ,&nbsp;Eva Musyaerofah ,&nbsp;Ikha Magdalena ,&nbsp;Like Hana Fournida Purba ,&nbsp;Fajar Yulianto ,&nbsp;Wakhidatik Nurfaida ,&nbsp;Pitri Rohayani ,&nbsp;Ketut Wikantika","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal areas play a crucial role in supporting economic and social activities, especially in archipelagic countries like Indonesia. However, these regions are increasingly vulnerable to environmental threats, including rising sea levels and significant coastal erosion. This study focuses on Cirebon Regency, a coastal region experiencing dynamic shoreline changes and increasing risk of coastal flooding. The aim of this study is to model priority areas for coastal flood risk mitigation using a Random Forest based machine learning approach. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative framework, which combines multi decadal shoreline change analysis, sea level rise related indicators, and coastal flood vulnerability modelling to derive spatially explicit mitigation priorities at both grid and administrative levels. The results ndicate that the coastal flood risk model identifies the most vulnerable areas, particularly around river mouths and lowland areas, with a vulnerable area of 2296 ha. Additionally, priority areas for coastal flood mitigation were identified through the integration of shoreline dynamics with coastal flood potential models. The analysis revealed 809.7 ha of high-priority areas concentrated in coastal zone, particularly the sub-districts of Kapetakan, Gunung Jati, and Losari. In total, 34 villages were classified as having high to very high risk, requiring targeted mitigation strategies to reduce the impacts of erosion, accretion, and coastal flooding. This study provides an operational framework for policymakers to target limited resources toward the most critical coastal zones, supporting proactive, data driven strategies to minimize economic losses and environmental impacts in vulnerable coastal region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104726"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of different nitrogen forms on fungal weathering of carbonate and insoluble phosphate in the karst red soil","authors":"Ying Ma ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Dechao Wang ,&nbsp;Baoxin Feng ,&nbsp;Shuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Guan ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Xinxin Ye ,&nbsp;Da Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst soils contain abundant carbonates but commonly exhibit phosphorus (P) deficiency. Fungal weathering plays a central role in P and carbon (C) cycling in these soils. However, this process is often shaped by environmental factors such as soil pH, minerals composition, and nitrate or C availability. This study investigated how different nitrogen (N) forms (nitrate, ammonium, and urea) influence fungal weathering of phosphate and carbonate in karst soil. Ammonium and urea were more effective than nitrate in promoting fungal carbonate weathering, significantly enhancing the conversion of carbonate to calcium oxalate in karst soil. Meanwhile, Ammonium additions significantly increased available P concentrations from 3.9 to 9.3 mg/kg after 8 weeks of incubation. In contrast, nitrate is more suitable than ammonium and urea for fungal growth and hyphal development. The formed fungal hyphae facilitated the biomechanical weathering of carbonate. According to the loss mass ratio at 450–900 °C, the theoretical fungal carbonate weathering rate driven by ammonium was 93 % higher than that without N input. This research clarifies how different N shapes carbonate fungal weathering in karst soil and highlights links between P and C utilization that may help enhance P availability in karst regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104719"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YTHDC1-mediated m6A modification of PDK1 contributes to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in smoking-induced COPD airway remodeling through lactate-induced MTA2 K539 lactylation","authors":"Yifan Li ,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiaheng Lin ,&nbsp;Ying Zhu ,&nbsp;Lingjia Yang ,&nbsp;Hongjing Gong ,&nbsp;Shunxin Yang ,&nbsp;Tao Bian ,&nbsp;Qizhan Liu ,&nbsp;Haibo Xia ,&nbsp;Yan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by airway remodeling, a process that is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Evidence for the involvement of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in the progression of COPD has emerged. However, the role of YTHDC1, an m6A reader, in airway remodeling remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrated that YTHDC1 drives the EMT through PDK1-mediated glycolytic reprogramming, resulting in airway remodeling in lungs of COPD animals. Mechanistically, in the airway epithelium, YTHDC1 recognizes and enhances the stability of PDK1 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Elevated protein levels of PDK1 promote glycolytic reprogramming and lactate production. Additionally, lactate-induced lactylation of MTA2 enhances its protein stability, thereby contributing to the EMT. Moreover, we demonstrated, with an experimental model of COPD, that targeting of YTHDC1 attenuated the cigarette smoke-induced EMT of airway epithelium cells, which diminished airway remodeling in the lungs of COPD mice. For COPD patients, elevated levels of PDK1 and MTA2 were associated with elevated levels of YTHDC1. Overall, the present study revealed a mechanism for YTHDC1-mediated glycolysis reprogramming in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling and indicated that YTHDC1 could serve as a therapeutic target for COPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104715"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effects of household solid fuel use and hypertension on the risk of stroke","authors":"Jiahui Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Du ,&nbsp;Xinqi Wang ,&nbsp;Hankun Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Wang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Xu ,&nbsp;Chong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertension and household air pollution are both attributable risk factors for stroke. The study explored their joint effects in a prospective cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 17096 adults were included in Jurong cohort. Weighted Cox regression models were used to assess the stroke risk. Crossover analysis was used to evaluate the combined effects. The population attributable fraction (<em>PAF</em>) was calculated to evaluate stroke risk attributable to solid fuel use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After followed up 8.66 (5.53,8.70) years, 1104 stroke cases occurred. Solid fuel use was associated with an increased risk 55.6 % of stroke, whereas, the association was attenuated after adjustment (<em>HR</em>=1.077, 95 % <em>CI</em>: 0.929–1.249). Among those taking no antihypertensives and normotensive individuals, the associated effect still exists (<em>HR</em>=1.284, 95 % <em>CI</em>: 1.041–1.583, <em>HR</em>=1.551, 95 % <em>CI</em>: 1.130–2.129). Moreover, compared with clean fuel users with normotension, clean fuel users with hypertension, solid fuel users with normotension, and solid fuel users with hypertension had increased risks of stroke after excluding those taking antihypertensives with <em>HR</em>s (95 %<em>CI</em>) of 1.181 (0.948–1.472), 1.463 (1.108–1.933), and 1.395 (1.061–1.835), respectively. Heterogeneity was observed between the hypertensive individuals without antihypertensive and normotensive populations (<em>I</em>²=0.588). In addition, solid fuel contributed a higher <em>PAF</em> to stroke among individuals without hypertension (<em>PAF</em>=0.144, 95 %<em>CI</em>=0.051–0.239). The PAF changed after excluding the individuals with antihypertensive treatment, although did not reach statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the impact of solid fuel use on stroke among the population without hypertension, especially in prehypertension, emphasizing the necessity to reduce solid fuel use for stroke prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104733"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variability in soil organic carbon responses to chemical fertilizer and manure slurry driven by microbial functional pathways","authors":"Xingping Chang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Wang ,&nbsp;Huiying Du ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Keqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lianzhu Du","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are profoundly influenced by fertilization regimes and regional environmental conditions. In this study, we compared the impacts of chemical fertilizer and manure slurry application on SOC content and microbial functional gene composition across three geographically distinct regions in China: Harbin, Yiyang, and Nanyang. Our results revealed contrasting SOC responses among regions. Manure slurry application significantly enhanced SOC in Harbin, resulting in a 54 % increase compared with chemical fertilizer, mainly due to a pronounced accumulation of particulate organic carbon (POC). In contrast, SOC responses to manure slurry were minor in Yiyang and Nanyang, indicating that fertilization effects on SOC were strongly site-dependent. Metagenomic analyses showed that manure slurry increased the abundance of carbon fixation genes in Harbin, particularly those involved in the reductive pentose phosphate cycle and reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, which increased by 9.57 % and 6.38 %, respectively. In contrast, manure slurry in Yiyang primarily enhanced genes involved in labile carbon degradation. Integrating soil properties, microbial functional genes, and enzyme activities revealed that fertilization affected SOC mainly through indirect pathways mediated by soil nutrient conditions and microbial functional traits. Changes in soil nutrients were closely associated with shifts in microbial carbon fixation and degradation gene abundances, which were more strongly linked to SOC and POC than to mineral-associated organic carbon. Overall, our findings indicate that the effectiveness of manure slurry versus chemical fertilizer in promoting SOC sequestration is not universal but strongly context-dependent, emphasizing the need for site-specific strategies in sustainable soil carbon management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104750"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced visible light PMS activation through novel direct Z-scheme heterojunction of N-doped TiO2 and O-laden g-C3N4","authors":"Lixiang Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Ren ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel direct Z-scheme heterojunction (NTMO) was synthesized via N-doped TiO₂ and O-doped carbon nitride integration, exhibiting exceptional visible-light photoactivity. Elemental doping narrowed the bandgap and improved the separation efficiency of photo-induced carriers in the heterojunction. Especially, O doping enhanced the adsorption capacity of the heterojunction for PMS, indicating that the presence of O could improve PMS activation through photo-induced electron. The NTMO/PMS system achieved 99.0 % trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation within 1 h 4.7 times and 2.4 times faster than pure TiO₂ and MCN, respectively. Mechanistic studies identified •SO₄^– and h⁺ as dominant reactive species. Furthermore, NTMO exhibited high stability after five cycles of testing. This work provides an efficient visible-light-driven strategy for persistent organic pollutant remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104693"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The regulation of Cd and As behavior by the iron oxide-organic matter interaction: The simultaneous immobilization mechanism of coal gasification slag","authors":"Chang Xing ,&nbsp;Shunhao Ai ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Changzhi Zhou ,&nbsp;Ying Yuan ,&nbsp;Wenbing Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) co-contamination in agricultural soils is challenging to remediate due to their opposing geochemical behaviors. Although iron-modified gasification slag (IGS) can simultaneously adsorb Cd and As, its mechanisms in inhibiting the migration of Cd and As within the soil-plant system, as well as its interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM), remain unclear. Through a pot experiment, it was demonstrated that the application of IGS significantly reduces the bioavailability of Cd from 0.40 mg/kg to 0.18 mg/kg and As from 12.66 mg/kg to 6.49 mg/kg, while promoting their transformation into more stable soil fractions. Consequently, IGS effectively blocked Cd and As transformation, reducing Cd and As concentrations in plant leaves from 0.96 mg/kg and 0.37 mg/kg to 0.12 mg/kg and 0.14 mg/kg, respectively. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the oxidation and dissolution of zero-valent iron in IGS drives the formation of active iron oxide phases. These new oxides serve as primary sinks, immobilizing Cd and As through adsorption and incorporation. Furthermore, IGS altered soil DOM, reducing its total content and specific fulvic/humic components, as characterized by excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. This reduction is attributed to the formation of iron oxide-DOM complexes, which diminishes the pool of ligands available for metal mobilization, thereby enhancing the net sequestration of Cd and As. Our findings elucidate the coupled Fe-DOM processes underpinning IGS efficacy, advancing its potential application for the simultaneous remediation of Cd and As.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104754"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable corncob-derived sulfonated carbon catalysts for recyclable biginelli reactions in palm oil","authors":"Pakin Noppawan ,&nbsp;Pareenat Waenthongkham ,&nbsp;Kanyaphat Torboon ,&nbsp;Yuvarat Ngernyen ,&nbsp;Supinya Nijpanich ,&nbsp;Paveena Laokul ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Hunt","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a significant advancement in sustainable catalysis through the development of a sulfonated carbon catalyst derived from agricultural corncob waste for the green synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) via the Biginelli reaction. Employing a simple, metal-free activation and sulfonation method, the optimized catalyst (SKAC1:1–600) exhibited a high acid site density (1.69 mmol g⁻¹), excellent thermal stability, and outstanding catalytic efficiency, achieving up to 99.65 % yield under mild conditions (115 °C, 8 h). Notably, palm oil was employed as a biodegradable and reusable reaction medium, enabling both the catalyst and solvent to be recycled for at least four cycles with minimal loss in yield. The catalytic platform demonstrated broad substrate compatibility with various aldehydes and β-diketones. Comprehensive characterization (FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, BET, TGA, XPS, and NMR) confirmed the successful surface functionalization anfid structural integrity of the catalyst. Green metrics further highlighted the environmental credentials of the system, with an atom economy of 87–97 %, a low process mass intensity (PMI) of 15–21 g g⁻¹, and an E-factor of 14–20 g g⁻¹. This is the first report to integrate corncob-derived sulfonated carbon and palm oil in a synergistic, waste-to-wealth catalytic system, offering high yield, excellent reusability, and superior green performance. This work establishes a new benchmark in biomass valorization and eco-efficient multicomponent synthesis, providing a scalable and cost-effective solution that aligns with circular economy and green chemistry principles.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>A sustainable Biginelli reaction is developed using sulfonated carbon catalysts from corncob waste and recyclable palm oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104691"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}