Environment and Pollution最新文献_第6页

Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Soubeira Reservoir, a Small-Scale Reservoir in North Central Burkina Faso, West Africa 西非布基纳法索中北部小型水库Soubeira水库沉积物重金属生态风险评价

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.5539/EP.V7N1P66

Souleymane Pelede, A. Sako, O. Bamba

{"title":"Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Soubeira Reservoir, a Small-Scale Reservoir in North Central Burkina Faso, West Africa","authors":"Souleymane Pelede, A. Sako, O. Bamba","doi":"10.5539/EP.V7N1P66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V7N1P66","url":null,"abstract":"Small-scale reservoirs play a central role in socio-economic development of Burkina Faso. In the absence of a best environmental management plan, these reservoirs can be potential factors of water pollution and ecological deterioration. In the present study, we investigated ecological status of sediments from the Soubeira reservoir, using concentrations of a series of heavy metals. Concentrations of the metals ranked as follows: Fe> Mn> Cr> Zn> Cu> Pb> As ~ Co> Hg ~Mo> Cd. Based on the correlation analysis, Fe, with weaker relationships with other metals, may be derived from the local ferruginous soil, whereas Cd, Cu and Cr could be mainly originated from anthropogenic sources and carried by clay minerals into the reservoir. In contrast, Hg and As abundance could be related to artisanal gold mining in the surrounding environment. Negative correlations between heavy metals (except As) with pH were consistent with desorption and mobility of the majority of heavy metals under low pH values. The significant negative correlations were also observed between CEC and As (r = - 0.75) and between clay and As (r = -0.64). This could be an indication of As mobility under the physico-chemical conditions of the reservoir. Both potential ecological risk and adverse effect indices suggested that the reservoir sediments were highly polluted. Five heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Hg) could cause adverse effect to biota, whilst only Hg and Cd appeared to show high and moderate potential ecological risk indices, respectively. The study demonstrated that the Soubeira reservoir requires a heavy metal pollution control program.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79358889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Coupled Flow Modelling for a Geothermally Facilitated Bioreactor 地热促进生物反应器的耦合流动模型

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.5539/ep.v7n1p81

Lucila B. Dunnington, M. Nakagawa

{"title":"Coupled Flow Modelling for a Geothermally Facilitated Bioreactor","authors":"Lucila B. Dunnington, M. Nakagawa","doi":"10.5539/ep.v7n1p81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ep.v7n1p81","url":null,"abstract":"Abandoned mines across the world leak contaminated waters into precious water resources, threatening human populations and natural environments alike. The primary demand from the industry for addressing the contamination is a passive system that utilizes locally available and cheap material, with little energy or maintenance requirement. Passive treatment systems can operate in remote regions, using diverse, inexpensive, and locally available material with low waste production, but are subject to ambient conditions and are often space intensive. The geothermal gradient available at abandoned mines is a viable heat energy source that can provide advantageous temperature conditions for established remediation techniques, namely bioremediation.Currently, the primary models used for testing new passive designs are either largely empirically based, or limit the scope of modelling parameters, making it difficult to incorporate innovative design aspects into the existing modelling framework. The following paper presents a model, based on kinetic parameters from a column experiment, which couples mechanics, thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and microbial kinetics. The modelling results show the effect of an imposed temperature gradient on the permeability and microbially driven reactions of a bioreactor. The model reflects evolving thermal and mass transfer in the multiphase system. The addition of geothermal energy to a bioreactor is shown to improve long-term permeability, enhance reactions and precipitation kinetics, and decrease the necessary spatial expanse of designed bioreactor systems.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84057147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How a Taxonomically-Ambiguous Cyanobiont and Vanadate Assist in the Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Azolla pinnata: Implications for CKDu 分类上不明确的蓝藻和钒酸盐如何协助植物修复羽状杜鹃中的镉:对CKDu的影响

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.5539/EP.V7N1P53

D. R. A. M. T. R. Atugoda, L. Mandakini, N. Bandara, D. Gunawardana

{"title":"How a Taxonomically-Ambiguous Cyanobiont and Vanadate Assist in the Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Azolla pinnata: Implications for CKDu","authors":"D. R. A. M. T. R. Atugoda, L. Mandakini, N. Bandara, D. Gunawardana","doi":"10.5539/EP.V7N1P53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V7N1P53","url":null,"abstract":"We employed scientific tools to investigate the ex situ phytoremediation of cadmium by Azolla pinnata. Azolla pinnata was capable of efficient sequestration of cadmium up to a concentration of 1 ppm, though with a visibly high “physiological cost”. The sequestration of cadmium (1 ppm) was strongly reduced after 24 hours, in Azolla plants pre-treated with the gram-negative antibiotic erythromycin (60 µg/l), suggesting that the cyanobacterial population was important for phytoremediation. Only the co-treatment of 1 ppm cadmium with 1 ppm vanadate, showed significantly higher phytoremediation (P<0.05) compared to the “cadmium+erythromycin” treatment. The phytoremediation of Cadmium by the Azolla-Nostoc symbiosis was significantly (p<0.05) improved by the addition of citrate at 10 ppm in the presence of 1 ppm vanadate, compared to the 1 ppm cadmium only treatment. We hypothesize that citrate acting either as “vanadophores” or working as a cofactor in the Homocitrate Synthase enzyme, facilitates remediation of cadmium. When phylogeny was inferred using Homocitrate Synthases, the cyanobiont was approximated to a taxonomical twilight zone between Nostoc and Anabaena, although showing more proximity to the Anabaena cluster. It is proposed here that the cyanobacterial contribution appears to be crucial for the ability of Azolla pinnata to efficiently remediate cadmium and a “helping hand” appears to be provided by a vanadate dependent mechanism, which is likely to be nitrogen fixation. The association between vanadate-assisted phytoremediation by Azolla pinnata and the heightened bioavailability of vanadium in CKDu endemic areas, could serve as a vital stepping stone in developing a biological solution to CKDu.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78169389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Region EKC for Air Pollution: Evidence from China 空气污染的区域EKC:来自中国的证据

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.5539/EP.V7N1P46

Wenzhong Wang

引用次数: 4

Effects of Seasonal Variation on Informal Waste Collection in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria 季节变化对尼日利亚西南部伊巴丹非正式废物收集的影响

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.5539/EP.V7N1P36

B. Wahab, B. Ola

{"title":"Effects of Seasonal Variation on Informal Waste Collection in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria","authors":"B. Wahab, B. Ola","doi":"10.5539/EP.V7N1P36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V7N1P36","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the active participation of informal waste collectors (IWCs) in waste management in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria, a major observed challenge to effective operation of this group of workers is the variation in the seasons of the year and their accompanying weather futures. This study investigated the effects of seasonal changes on the types and volume of waste handled by the informal waste collectors, level of patronage and income earned in the five municipal local government areas of Ibadan. A cross-sectional survey approach was adopted and both primary and secondary data were sourced. Through questionnaire survey and field observations, data were collected from 253 informal waste collectors operating in the study area. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used in analysing the data obtained from the field work. The study established that the types and volume of waste collected and income earned by the informal waste collectors varied from season to season. Patronage of the informal waste collectors was found to be reduced by about 25% in the dry season owing to less volume of waste generated and increased burning. The low patronage reduced the income by about 25% on average. The implications of this are that the job security of IWCs is threatened and increased burning of waste increases the atmospheric carbon content, which depletes the ozone layer and consequently results in global warming. The study, therefore, recommended financial and technical assistance to the waste collectors by either government or non-governmental organisations to establish small waste merchandising business to cater for the period of low patronage.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85587206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Anthophyllite Asbestos: The Role of Fiber Width in Mesothelioma Induction Part 2: Further Epidemiological Studies of Occupational, Domestic and Environmental Exposure to Finnish Anthophyllite Asbestos 花石石棉:纤维宽度在间皮瘤诱发中的作用。第二部分:芬兰花石石棉职业、家庭和环境暴露的进一步流行病学研究

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2018-03-19 DOI: 10.5539/EP.V7N1P24

E. Ilgren, J. Hoskins

{"title":"Anthophyllite Asbestos: The Role of Fiber Width in Mesothelioma Induction Part 2: Further Epidemiological Studies of Occupational, Domestic and Environmental Exposure to Finnish Anthophyllite Asbestos","authors":"E. Ilgren, J. Hoskins","doi":"10.5539/EP.V7N1P24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V7N1P24","url":null,"abstract":"Although people in all sectors of the Finnish anthophyllite industry, including their families, have been heavily exposed to anthophyllite there is no evidence for even a single proven case of attributable mesothelioma. A few cases have been claimed but the evidence either, that they were mesotheliomas or that amphibole exposure was solely to anthophyllite is, in every case examined, insufficient. Even among the population who lived in Karelia in Central Finland who were exposed domestically or enviromentally to anthophyllite released during agricultural and various domestic activities and during transport from the mines, Finnish epidemiology found no risk of mesothelioma. There is also an absence of mesotheliomas reported in the earlier Finnish literature. This anomaly compared to the effects of exposure to other amphiboles is strong support for the role of fiber width in mesothelioma production. Anthophyllite, though, is not without clinical effect. As screening techniques improved it was discovered that of every person over the age of 65 years, one third living in Karelia had bilateral pleural plaques. The area was henceforth called the Endemic Pleural Plaque (EPP) zone. Radiographic analysis of the residents living in the district of Kuusjarvi led to suggestions that the cases resulted from asbestos blown from the Paakila facility via fiber drift as far away as 30 km. Later studies showed that ‘fiber drift’ was very unlikely to be a factor in the radiological findings thus observed.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78888661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Anthophyllite Asbestos: The Role of Fiber Width in Mesothelioma Induction Part 1: Epidemiological Studies of Finnish Anthophyllite Asbestos 石棉:纤维宽度在间皮瘤诱导中的作用。第一部分:芬兰石棉的流行病学研究

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2017-11-15 DOI: 10.5539/EP.V7N1P9

E. Ilgren, J. Hoskins

{"title":"Anthophyllite Asbestos: The Role of Fiber Width in Mesothelioma Induction Part 1: Epidemiological Studies of Finnish Anthophyllite Asbestos","authors":"E. Ilgren, J. Hoskins","doi":"10.5539/EP.V7N1P9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V7N1P9","url":null,"abstract":"Anthophyllite asbestos only occurs in a few parts of the world in sufficient quantities to be mined. The largest deposits of anthophyllite asbestos occur in Finland where it was mined for more than 75 years and very extensively used and distributed, anciently, for more than six millennia. Anthophyllite is one of the five minerals known collectively as amphibole asbestos. Studies of the effect of these five mineral fibre types when inhaled have shown that fibre width is an important determinant of mesothelioma induction. Only the “thinner” fibres or those with fiber diameter dimensional profiles predominantly less than 0.25 – 0.30 µm, are clearly mesotheliogenic. The “thicker” ones or those whose predominant widths are greater than these diameters do not appear to show an observable attendant risk of mesothelioma. Observations based on studies of at least, two “thick” forms of amphibole asbestos support these hypotheses. The one is Bolivian crocidolite; the other Finnish anthophyllite. The Finnish anthophyllite industry presents an important opportunity to study the robustness of the theory that fibre width is key to mesothelioma genesis as vast numbers of people in all sectors of the Finnish industry and their families have historically incurred massive fiber exposures sufficient to cause a gross excess of asbestosis. Nonetheless, in spite of these long term, high dose exposures clear evidence for a mesothelioma risk due to anthophyllite asbestos is still lacking.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91447929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Treatment of Wastewater from Bean Sprout Production for Reuse 豆芽生产废水的回用处理

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2017-11-03 DOI: 10.5539/EP.V7N1P1

Inés Burgos-Luján, A. Tong

引用次数: 2

Analysis of an Authentic Historical Italian Cosmetic Talc Sample – Further Evidence for the Lack of Cancer Risk 正宗的意大利历史化妆品滑石粉样品分析-进一步证明缺乏癌症风险

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2017-09-29 DOI: 10.5539/ep.v6n2p6

E. Ilgren, C. Sartorio, J. Hoskins

{"title":"Analysis of an Authentic Historical Italian Cosmetic Talc Sample – Further Evidence for the Lack of Cancer Risk","authors":"E. Ilgren, C. Sartorio, J. Hoskins","doi":"10.5539/ep.v6n2p6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ep.v6n2p6","url":null,"abstract":"Italian talc from the Pinerolo Mines in North West Italy is known for its extreme purity. Several historical investigations of these mines have demonstrated very small amounts of tremolite in the host rock that occasionally found their way into the mined ore. However, more than sixty years of epidemiological studies of the Pinerolo miners and millers have failed to demonstrate any attendant cancer risk and show that this trace tremolite contamination is of no biological significance.Claims made that the Pinerolo Italian cosmetic talc produced prior to 1975 were contaminated with asbestos, principally tremolite, have been difficult to refute given the lack of authentic historical samples of commercial products. We now describe the analytical findings of a recently discovered authentic historical sample.Sample analyses of this material showed only a few non-asbestiform tremolite fibres - a finding discussed in the light of the historical (pre-1975) studies of this talc deposit: no serpentine (chrysotile) or amphibole fibres were detected.The numerical concentration of tremolite fibres in the talc sample was 3.687 x 106 fibres/gram, corresponding to a mass concentration of 0.722 parts per million.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89004504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

PCDD/PCDF and pl-PCBs Concentration in Ambient Atmosphere in the City of Tulkarm Using Passive Air Sampler 利用被动空气采样器测定图尔卡姆市环境大气中PCDD/PCDF和多氯联苯浓度

Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2017-09-29 DOI: 10.5539/EP.V6N2P34

N. Shahin, Amjad I. A. Hussein, Jakob Reiman, S. Al-khalil, M. Salman

引用次数: 0