Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Soubeira Reservoir, a Small-Scale Reservoir in North Central Burkina Faso, West Africa

Souleymane Pelede, A. Sako, O. Bamba
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Small-scale reservoirs play a central role in socio-economic development of Burkina Faso. In the absence of a best environmental management plan, these reservoirs can be potential factors of water pollution and ecological deterioration. In the present study, we investigated ecological status of sediments from the Soubeira reservoir, using concentrations of a series of heavy metals. Concentrations of the metals ranked as follows: Fe> Mn> Cr> Zn> Cu> Pb> As ~ Co> Hg ~Mo> Cd. Based on the correlation analysis, Fe, with weaker relationships with other metals, may be derived from the local ferruginous soil, whereas Cd, Cu and Cr could be mainly originated from anthropogenic sources and carried by clay minerals into the reservoir. In contrast, Hg and As abundance could be related to artisanal gold mining in the surrounding environment. Negative correlations between heavy metals (except As) with pH were consistent with desorption and mobility of the majority of heavy metals under low pH values. The significant negative correlations were also observed between CEC and As (r = - 0.75) and between clay and As (r = -0.64). This could be an indication of As mobility under the physico-chemical conditions of the reservoir. Both potential ecological risk and adverse effect indices suggested that the reservoir sediments were highly polluted. Five heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Hg) could cause adverse effect to biota, whilst only Hg and Cd appeared to show high and moderate potential ecological risk indices, respectively. The study demonstrated that the Soubeira reservoir requires a heavy metal pollution control program.
西非布基纳法索中北部小型水库Soubeira水库沉积物重金属生态风险评价
小型水库在布基纳法索的社会经济发展中发挥着核心作用。在缺乏最佳环境管理计划的情况下,这些水库可能成为水污染和生态恶化的潜在因素。在本研究中,我们利用一系列重金属浓度研究了Soubeira水库沉积物的生态状况。各金属的富集程度依次为Fe> Mn> Cr> Zn> Cu> Pb> as ~ Co> Hg ~Mo> Cd。相关性分析表明,Fe可能来源于当地含铁土壤,与其他金属的相关性较弱,而Cd、Cu和Cr可能主要来源于人为来源,并由粘土矿物携带进入储层。汞和砷的丰度可能与周围环境的手工采金有关。重金属(As除外)与pH呈负相关,与低pH条件下大多数重金属的解吸和迁移率一致。CEC与As呈负相关(r = - 0.75),粘土与As呈负相关(r = -0.64)。这可能是储层物理化学条件下砷迁移率的指示。潜在生态风险指标和不利影响指标均表明水库沉积物污染严重。5种重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Cr和Hg)均对生物区系产生不利影响,其中Hg和Cd分别表现出高、中潜在生态风险指数。研究表明,苏贝拉水库需要制定重金属污染控制方案。
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