Epidemiology and Infection最新文献_第7页

National outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O145:H28 associated with pre-packed sandwiches, United Kingdom, May-June 2024. 2024年5月至6月，英国与预包装三明治有关的产志贺毒素大肠杆菌O145:H28全国暴发。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001729

Orlagh Quinn, Yanshi, Grace King, Ann Hoban, Clare Sawyer, Amy Douglas, Anaïs Painset, Andre Charlett, Andrew Nelson, Carys Rees, Chloe Byers, Christopher Williams, Colin Brown, Kitty Mohan, Claire Brown, Claire Jenkins, Claire Neill, Genna Leckenby, Lesley Larkin, Lesley Allison, Oluwakemi Olufon, Sema Nickbakhsh, Trish Mannes, Thomas Inns, Sooria Balasegaram

{"title":"National outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O145:H28 associated with pre-packed sandwiches, United Kingdom, May-June 2024.","authors":"Orlagh Quinn, Yanshi, Grace King, Ann Hoban, Clare Sawyer, Amy Douglas, Anaïs Painset, Andre Charlett, Andrew Nelson, Carys Rees, Chloe Byers, Christopher Williams, Colin Brown, Kitty Mohan, Claire Brown, Claire Jenkins, Claire Neill, Genna Leckenby, Lesley Larkin, Lesley Allison, Oluwakemi Olufon, Sema Nickbakhsh, Trish Mannes, Thomas Inns, Sooria Balasegaram","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001729","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001729","url":null,"abstract":"Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of bacteria that causes gastrointestinal illness and occasionally causes large foodborne outbreaks. It represents a major public health concern due to its ability to cause severe illness which can sometimes be fatal. This study was undertaken as part of a rapid investigation into a national foodborne outbreak of STEC O145. On 22 May 2024, United Kingdom (UK) public health agencies and laboratories identified an increase in stool specimens submissions and patients testing positive for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) identified serotype O145:H28 stx2a/eae belonging to the same five single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) single linkage cluster as the causative agent. By 3 July 2024, 288 cases had been linked to the cluster. Most cases were adults (87%) and females (57%), 49% were hospitalized with a further 10% attending emergency care. Descriptive epidemiology and analytical studies were conducted which identified consumption of nationally distributed pre-packed sandwiches as a common food exposure. The implicated food business operators voluntarily recalled ready-to-eat sandwiches and wraps containing lettuce on 14 June 2024.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"152 ","pages":"e179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outbreak investigations of Salmonella and frozen raw breaded chicken: the mitigation of a significant public health issue in Canada. 沙门氏菌和冷冻生面包屑鸡的爆发调查：减轻加拿大重大公共卫生问题。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001705

Ashley Kerr, Courtney R Smith, Rima Kandar, Ashley Kearney, Kelvin Chau, Bijay Adhikari, Jennifer Cutler, Eleni Galanis, Colette Gaulin, Meghan Hamel, Leigh Hobbs, Tanis Kershaw, Penelope Kirsch, Victor Mah, Rachel McCormick, Andrea Nesbitt, Alison Orr, Hanan Smadi, Marsha Taylor, April Hexemer

{"title":"Outbreak investigations of Salmonella and frozen raw breaded chicken: the mitigation of a significant public health issue in Canada.","authors":"Ashley Kerr, Courtney R Smith, Rima Kandar, Ashley Kearney, Kelvin Chau, Bijay Adhikari, Jennifer Cutler, Eleni Galanis, Colette Gaulin, Meghan Hamel, Leigh Hobbs, Tanis Kershaw, Penelope Kirsch, Victor Mah, Rachel McCormick, Andrea Nesbitt, Alison Orr, Hanan Smadi, Marsha Taylor, April Hexemer","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001705","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001705","url":null,"abstract":"In May 2017, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) became the primary subtyping method for Salmonella in Canada. As a result of the increased discriminatory power provided by WGS, 16 multi-jurisdictional outbreaks of Salmonella associated with frozen raw breaded chicken products were identified between 2017 and 2019. The majority (15/16) were associated with S. enteritidis, while the remaining outbreak was associated with S. Heidelberg. The 16 outbreaks included a total of 487 cases with ages ranging from 0 to 98 years (median: 24 years); 79 hospitalizations and two deaths were reported. Over the course of the outbreak investigations, 14 frozen raw breaded chicken products were recalled, and one was voluntarily withdrawn from the market. After previous changes to labelling and the issuance of public communication for these products proved ineffective at reducing illnesses, new industry requirements were issued in 2019, which required the implementation of measures at the manufacturing/processing level to reduce Salmonella to below detectable amounts in frozen raw breaded chicken products. Since implementation, no further outbreaks of Salmonella associated with frozen breaded chicken have been identified in Canada, a testament to the effectiveness of these risk mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"152 ","pages":"e180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the field: a cryptosporidiosis outbreak among veterinary students associated with activities during the lambing period in Norway during 2024. 来自现场：与挪威2024年产羔期间的活动有关的兽医学生隐孢子虫病暴发。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001717

Lise B N Hovd, Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez, Mathilde S Varegg, Ian D Woolsey, Ingrid Olstad, Sigurd J Mathisen, Olav Reksen, Lucy J Robertson

{"title":"From the field: a cryptosporidiosis outbreak among veterinary students associated with activities during the lambing period in Norway during 2024.","authors":"Lise B N Hovd, Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez, Mathilde S Varegg, Ian D Woolsey, Ingrid Olstad, Sigurd J Mathisen, Olav Reksen, Lucy J Robertson","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001717","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001717","url":null,"abstract":"A recent outbreak of cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum, subtype IIdA23G1) among veterinary students associated with extracurricular activities concerned with lambs is described from Norway. Although cryptosporidiosis outbreaks among veterinary students have been frequently reported, this is among the first from lamb contact. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in samples from two students and three lambs. A questionnaire distributed immediately after the outbreak was recognized, identified an assumed attack rate of 50% based on exposure and illness among exposed students (28 of 56), despite most reporting good or very good hygiene measures. Laboratory diagnostics confirmed infection in two of these. The illness lasted over a week in most students (up to 15 days), but contact with health services was negligible. In addition to implementing measures to reduce the likelihood of further such outbreaks among veterinary students, it is recommended that future outbreaks of diarrhoea among ruminants on the farm should be investigated for aetiological agents.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"152 ","pages":"e178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The rising cost of infective endocarditis in West Virginia. 西维吉尼亚州感染性心内膜炎费用的上升。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001869

Ruchi Bhandari, Noor Abdulhay, R Constance Wiener, Dalton Smith, Melanie Fisher

{"title":"The rising cost of infective endocarditis in West Virginia.","authors":"Ruchi Bhandari, Noor Abdulhay, R Constance Wiener, Dalton Smith, Melanie Fisher","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001869","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001869","url":null,"abstract":"The financial burden of hospitalization from life-threatening infectious diseases on the U.S. healthcare system is substantial and continues to increase. The purpose of this study was to identify key predictors of high hospital charges for infective endocarditis at a major university-affiliated cardiac care centre in West Virginia.A retrospective electronic medical records' review was undertaken of all adult patients admitted for endocarditis between 2014-2018. Multiple linear regression analysis assessed the total charges billed to the patient account for their endocarditis hospitalization in the medical record.Hospital charges have increased 12-fold during 2014-2018. Among the 486 patients, the median hospital charge was $198 678. About 47% of the patients underwent surgery incurring 70% of the total charges. Patients with hospital stays of ≥50 days accounted for a third of all charges. The multiple linear regression model accounted for 85% of the linear variance in the hospital charges. Median charges increased by 30.87% for patients with ≥9 consultations, 60.32% for those who died in the hospital, and 81.85% for those who underwent surgical intervention.The study findings showed that complex care requiring multiple consultations, surgical interventions, and longer hospital stays were significantly associated with higher hospital charges for endocarditis treatment.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case-control association study between polygenic risk score and COVID-19 severity in a Russian population using low-pass genome sequencing. 俄罗斯人群多基因风险评分与COVID-19严重程度的低通基因组测序病例对照相关性研究

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001778

Arina Nostaeva, Valentin Shimansky, Svetlana Apalko, Ivan Kuznetsov, Natalya Sushentseva, Oleg Popov, Anna Asinovskaya, Sergei Mosenko, Lennart Karssen, Andrey Sarana, Yurii Aulchenko, Sergey Shcherbak

{"title":"Case-control association study between polygenic risk score and COVID-19 severity in a Russian population using low-pass genome sequencing.","authors":"Arina Nostaeva, Valentin Shimansky, Svetlana Apalko, Ivan Kuznetsov, Natalya Sushentseva, Oleg Popov, Anna Asinovskaya, Sergei Mosenko, Lennart Karssen, Andrey Sarana, Yurii Aulchenko, Sergey Shcherbak","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001778","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001778","url":null,"abstract":"The course of COVID-19 is highly variable, with genetics playing a significant role. Through large-scale genetic association studies, a link between single nucleotide polymorphisms and disease susceptibility and severity was established. However, individual single nucleotide polymorphisms identified thus far have shown modest effects, indicating a polygenic nature of this trait, and individually have limited predictive performance. To address this limitation, we investigated the performance of a polygenic risk score model in the context of COVID-19 severity in a Russian population. A genome-wide polygenic risk score model including information from over a million common single nucleotide polymorphisms was developed using summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative consortium. Low-coverage sequencing (5x) was performed for ~1000 participants, and polygenic risk score values were calculated for each individual. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyse the association between polygenic risk score and COVID-19 outcomes. We found that individuals in the top 10% of the polygenic risk score distribution had a markedly elevated risk of severe COVID-19, with adjusted odds ratio of 2.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.8-4.6, p-value = 4e-06), and more than four times higher risk of mortality from COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio = 4.3, p-value = 2e-05). This study highlights the potential of polygenic risk score as a valuable tool for identifying individuals at increased risk of severe COVID-19 based on their genetic profile.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Group A streptococcal infections in Alberta, Canada 2018-2023. 2018-2023年加拿大艾伯塔省甲型链球菌感染

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001857

Gregory J Tyrrell, Matthew Croxen, Emily McCullough, Vincent Li, Alyssa R Golden, Irene Martin

{"title":"Group A streptococcal infections in Alberta, Canada 2018-2023.","authors":"Gregory J Tyrrell, Matthew Croxen, Emily McCullough, Vincent Li, Alyssa R Golden, Irene Martin","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001857","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001857","url":null,"abstract":"Group A streptococcal or Streptococcus pyogenes infections have been increasing post-COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the epidemiology of S. pyogenes pharyngitis and invasive disease in Alberta, Canada 2018-2023. Positive pharyngitis specimens were identified from throat swabs collected from pharyngitis patients. Invasive S. pyogenes was defined as the isolation of S. pyogenes from a normally sterile site or severe skin infection. S. pyogenes isolates were emm typed. Pharyngitis and invasive disease displayed seasonal trends preceding the COVID-19 pandemic followed by a sharp decrease during COVID-19 intervention measures. After the lifting of interventions, rates of pharyngitis and invasive disease rose. There were 182 983 positive pharyngitis specimens between 2018 and 2023 for a positivity rate of 17.6%. The highest rates occurred in the 0-9 age group in 2023 (41.5%). Invasive disease increased in 2022-2023 driven by emm1 and 12 types. M1UK strain was the most frequent M1 type associated with invasive disease (59% of M1 isolates sequenced). Notably, out of 182 983 pharyngitis cases, there were 111 cases of invasive S. pyogenes detected for an invasive disease rate of 0.06%. This descriptive epidemiology of S. pyogenes pharyngitis and invasive S. pyogenes disease highlights the rapid increase in cases of S. pyogenes occurring in western Canada and illustrates the critical need for a vaccine.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Mediterranean spotted fever suspects in a university hospital, Tunisia, 2000-2020. 2000-2020年突尼斯某大学医院疑似地中海斑疹热流行病学及临床特征

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1017/S095026882400178X

Meriam Lamloumi, Aida Berriche, Souheil Zayet, Boutheina Mahdi, Imen Beji, Rim Abdelmalek, Lamia Ammari, Badreddine Kilani

{"title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Mediterranean spotted fever suspects in a university hospital, Tunisia, 2000-2020.","authors":"Meriam Lamloumi, Aida Berriche, Souheil Zayet, Boutheina Mahdi, Imen Beji, Rim Abdelmalek, Lamia Ammari, Badreddine Kilani","doi":"10.1017/S095026882400178X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S095026882400178X","url":null,"abstract":"Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a rickettsial disease caused by Rickettsia conorii, transmitted by brown dog ticks, and endemic in the Mediterranean region. Its incidence is increasing, with varied presentations and potential complications because of delayed diagnosis. This study retrospectively included 173 adult patients hospitalized for MSF at La Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, from 2000 to 2020. Patients, predominantly male (67.6%) and averaging 40 years of age, mostly resided in urban areas (82.7%). Animal exposure was reported in 74.6%, and cases peaked during the hot season (68.8%), with no cases in winter months. The classic triad of fever, rash, and eschar was observed in 69.9%, with maculopapular lesions affecting palms and soles in 83.8%. Headache (64.5%), myalgia (60.7%), and arthralgia (57.2%) were also common. Laboratory findings included elevated white blood cell count (36.4%), thrombocytopenia (48%), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (50.9%). Treatment with doxycycline (n = 161) resolved fever within 2.8±1.3 [1-5] days. Complications, including encephalitis, chorioretinitis, anterior uveitis and vasculitis, occurred in 2.3% of cases, but all patients recovered without relapse. No significant risk factors for severe forms were identified. Improved awareness of MSF's clinical features may be the key to an early diagnosis and successful treatment.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Queensland JEV vaccine program response to the 2022 Australian outbreak. 对昆士兰州乙脑疫苗计划应对2022年澳大利亚疫情的评估。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001730

Angus Misan, Stephen B Lambert, Hai Phung, Megan K Young

{"title":"Evaluation of the Queensland JEV vaccine program response to the 2022 Australian outbreak.","authors":"Angus Misan, Stephen B Lambert, Hai Phung, Megan K Young","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001730","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001730","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, the largest ever virgin soil outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurred in Australia resulting in 45 reported human cases of JE, with seven fatalities. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected in 84 piggeries across Australia. In response, states implemented targeted vaccination programs for those individuals at the highest risk of JEV exposure. A mixed methods approach, including geospatial mapping of JEV vaccine distribution in Queensland, a case series of Queensland human cases and interviews with Queensland Health staff, assessed the JEV vaccination response program. Five notified human cases were reviewed, with three having occupational outdoor risk and local travel-related exposure. Vaccine coverage ranged from 0 to 7.4 doses per 100 people after 12 months of the program. The highest uptake was in southern Queensland, where 95% of the state's commercial pig population is located. The vaccination program was limited by a heavy reliance on general practitioners, vast geographical distribution of eligible populations, difficulties mobilising and engaging eligible cohorts, and suboptimal One Health collaboration. Population and climate factors make it possible for the virus to become endemic. Targeted vaccination programs remain an important strategy to protect people at the highest risk of exposure, however, program improvements are required to optimize vaccine accessibility.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"152 ","pages":"e176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors associated with COVID-19 in-hospital death and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization in the Philippines during pre-omicron and omicron period: A case-control study (MOTIVATE-P study). 与 COVID-19 住院死亡相关的因素以及 COVID-19 疫苗在菲律宾前 Omicron 和 Omicron 期间对 COVID-19 住院治疗的有效性：病例对照研究（MOTIVATE-P 研究）。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001845

Takeshi Arashiro, Rontgene Solante, Ana Ria Sayo, Reby Marie Garcia, Marie Kris, Shuichi Suzuki, Greco Mark Malijan, Mary Jane Salazar, Mary Ann Salazar, Abby Ortal-Cruz, Grace Devota Go, Edna Miranda, Michelle Carandang-Cuvin, Joy Potenciano Calayo, Jinho Shin, Martin Hibberd, Koya Ariyoshi, Chris Smith

{"title":"Factors associated with COVID-19 in-hospital death and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization in the Philippines during pre-omicron and omicron period: A case-control study (MOTIVATE-P study).","authors":"Takeshi Arashiro, Rontgene Solante, Ana Ria Sayo, Reby Marie Garcia, Marie Kris, Shuichi Suzuki, Greco Mark Malijan, Mary Jane Salazar, Mary Ann Salazar, Abby Ortal-Cruz, Grace Devota Go, Edna Miranda, Michelle Carandang-Cuvin, Joy Potenciano Calayo, Jinho Shin, Martin Hibberd, Koya Ariyoshi, Chris Smith","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001845","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001845","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are limited in low- and middle-income countries. A case-control study was conducted among COVID-19 and other pneumonia patients admitted to a hospital in the Philippines during the pre-Omicron and Omicron periods. To elucidate factors associated with in-hospital death, 1782 COVID-19 patients were assessed. To estimate absolute VE for various severe outcomes, 1059 patients were assessed (869 [82.1%] COVID-19 cases; 190 [17.9%] controls). Factors associated with in-hospital death included older age, tuberculosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.45 [95% confidence interval {95% CI} 1.69-3.57]), HIV (aOR 3.30 [95% CI 2.03-5.37]), and current smokers (aOR 2.65 [95% CI 1.72-4.10]). Pre-Omicron, the primary series provided high protection within a median of 2 months (hospitalization: 85.4% [95% CI 35.9-96.7%]; oxygen requirement: 91.0% [95% CI 49.4-98.4%]; invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV): 97.0% [95% CI 65.7-99.7%]; death: 96.5% [95% CI 67.1-99.6%]). During Omicron, the primary series provided moderate-high protection within a median of 6-9 months (hospitalization: 70.2% [95% CI 27.0-87.8%]; oxygen requirement: 71.4% [95% CI 29.3-88.4%]; IMV: 72.7% [95% CI -11.6-93.3%]; death: 58.9% [95% CI -82.8-90.8%]). Primary series VE against severe COVID-19 outcomes was consistently high for both pre-Omicron and Omicron in a setting where approximately half of the vaccinees received inactivated vaccines.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A six-year epidemiological study of selected zoonotic abortifacient agents in ovine and caprine foetuses in Türkiye. <s:1>基耶州绵羊和山羊胎儿人畜共患流产药物的6年流行病学研究。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001699

Murat Şevik

{"title":"A six-year epidemiological study of selected zoonotic abortifacient agents in ovine and caprine foetuses in Türkiye.","authors":"Murat Şevik","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001699","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268824001699","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion is one of the major threats to the livestock industry, and it also poses significant threats to public health since some of the abortifacient agents are considered zoonotic. Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus), Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), and Cache Valley virus (CVV) are recognized as important zoonotic and abortifacient agents of reproductive failure in small ruminants. This study determined the prevalence of these agents in ovine and caprine foetuses in Türkiye. A total of 1 226 foetuses were collected from the sheep (n = 1 144) and goats (n = 82) from different flocks between 2012 and 2017. Molecular detection methods were used to detect C. abortus, C. burnetii, and L. monocytogenes DNA and CVV RNA in aborted foetuses. In this study, C. abortus was the most prevalent abortifacient agent among the investigated ovine (264/1144) and caprine (12/82) foetuses, followed by C. burnetii with a frequency of 2.8% (32/1144) and 8.5% (7/82) in ovine and caprine foetuses, respectively. L. monocytogenes DNA was detected in 28 (2.4%) and 2 (2.4%) of the ovine and caprine foetuses, respectively. However, CVV RNA was not detected. Although the predominant mixed infection was C. abortus and C. burnetii, mixed infection of C. abortus and L. monocytogenes, and C. burnetii and L. monocytogenes were also found. The information presented in this study contributes to the understanding of the roles of C. abortus, C. burnetii, L. monocytogenes, and CVV in abortions in small ruminants, and could be beneficial for developing more effective control strategies.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"152 ","pages":"e173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0