Epidemiology and Infection最新文献_第6页

Seabirds' mortalities in Antarctica caused by HPAIV: skuas as a sentinel species. 由HPAIV引起的南极海鸟死亡：贼鸥作为哨兵物种。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101733

Fabiola León, Claudia Ulloa-Contreras, Eduardo J Pizarro, Pablo N Castillo-Torres, Karla B Díaz-Morales, Elisa Gutiérrez-Iturrieta, Ana Claudia Franco, Francine C B Timm, Miguel L Correa, Magdalena Johow, Christian Mathieu, Carolina Aguayo, Harm van Bakel, Zain Khalil, Lucas Kruger, Elie Poulin, Catalina Pardo-Roa, Juliana A Vianna

{"title":"Seabirds' mortalities in Antarctica caused by HPAIV: skuas as a sentinel species.","authors":"Fabiola León, Claudia Ulloa-Contreras, Eduardo J Pizarro, Pablo N Castillo-Torres, Karla B Díaz-Morales, Elisa Gutiérrez-Iturrieta, Ana Claudia Franco, Francine C B Timm, Miguel L Correa, Magdalena Johow, Christian Mathieu, Carolina Aguayo, Harm van Bakel, Zain Khalil, Lucas Kruger, Elie Poulin, Catalina Pardo-Roa, Juliana A Vianna","doi":"10.1017/S0950268826101733","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268826101733","url":null,"abstract":"Seabirds are at high risk of extinction, and the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) represents an additional threat. In 2024, HPAIV A/H5 clade 2.3.4.4b was detected for the first time in the Antarctic Continent in a dead Brown Skua (Stercorarius antarcticus), and further evidence suggests that not all species have been equally affected. We conducted a survey of HPAIV-related mortalities across 16 seabird nesting sites along the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during the 2024-2025 breeding season. We report a mortality of 35 adult skuas along the WAP and beyond the Antarctic Polar Circle. Eleven skuas from six different geographic areas were sampled and all were positive to HPAIV A/H5 clade 2.3.4.4b. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these sequences are closely related to the initial HPAIV A/H5 clade 2.3.4.4b reported in Antarctica, and post-mortem findings suggest that the viral infection was likely the cause of death. No other suspected HPAIV-related mortalities were observed in sympatric species. Our findings represent the southernmost record of skua mortality in Antarctica related to HPAIV A/H5 infection to date, demonstrating the dissemination of 2.3.4.4b clade across several localities. The virus is differentially affecting sympatric seabird species and the skuas may act as sentinel species for influenza surveillance.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148204416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of a school-based programme on learners' rabies awareness in Machakos, Kenya. 肯尼亚马查科斯一项基于学校的项目对学习者狂犬病意识的影响。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101769

Shepelo Getrude Peter, Felix Matura Kibegwa, Christine Minoo Mbindyo, Ann Wambui Muthiru, Tequiro Okumu Abuom, Elizabeth Buluku, Damaris Nthenya Salee, Paul Gichuki, Ndichu Maingi, Nyarongi Jackson Ombui

{"title":"Effects of a school-based programme on learners' rabies awareness in Machakos, Kenya.","authors":"Shepelo Getrude Peter, Felix Matura Kibegwa, Christine Minoo Mbindyo, Ann Wambui Muthiru, Tequiro Okumu Abuom, Elizabeth Buluku, Damaris Nthenya Salee, Paul Gichuki, Ndichu Maingi, Nyarongi Jackson Ombui","doi":"10.1017/S0950268826101769","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268826101769","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease causing an estimated 59000 annual human deaths globally and approximately 523 in Kenya, with children disproportionately affected. Despite evidence that school-based educational interventions effectively increase rabies awareness and prevention among children, its implementation in Kenya is limited. This study aimed at utilizing an education programme to increase rabies awareness among primary school learners and evaluate their knowledge uptake. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 210 learners from four primary schools (two urban, two rural). Pre-tested questionnaires assessed rabies awareness before and after rabies training sessions. Differences between urban and rural schools were assessed using χ2 tests, while Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for pre- and post-training scores. Post-training, overall knowledge scores improved from 6.14 to 7.61(p < 0.001), with significant increase in learners' knowledge on rabies transmission, zoonosis, and the importance of annual dog vaccination. Attitudes and perceptions improved from 3.23 to 4.03 (p < 0.001), particularly health-seeking behaviour and reporting post dog bite. In conclusion, school-based rabies education significantly improved learners' awareness. Being the first report of such intervention in Kenya, it could serve as a model for other zoonoses.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Converting exposure proportions calculated from surveys based on one reference period length to another. 将基于一个参考周期长度的调查计算出的暴露比例转换为另一个参考周期长度。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101745

Matt Hurst

{"title":"Converting exposure proportions calculated from surveys based on one reference period length to another.","authors":"Matt Hurst","doi":"10.1017/S0950268826101745","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268826101745","url":null,"abstract":"Commonly used components of health risk assessments and outbreak investigations are the proportion of the general population exposed to potential sources, often coming from national surveys collected with one reference period, such as 7 days. However, risk assessors may need this value for a different period of time (e.g. 1 day, a full year, etc.) and outbreak investigators may need a reference period that matches their case questionnaire. Use of these proportions is biased if the reference period does not match what is needed. Three surveys that collected exposure information with more than one reference group were used to fit six models that were developed to estimate the relationship between proportion and reference period length, and thus, convert proportions collected with one reference period to any desired reference period. A practical implementation of the best model is provided in a spreadsheet for health practitioners, such as those working in risk assessment or outbreaks who need to convert proportions to a new reference period. The conversion method can be used in any subject matter across the sciences, where surveys collect the proportion of respondents who experienced an event in a defined reference period.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing the impact of a novel spatial repellent on malaria incidence in Western Kenya. 优化一种新型空间驱蚊剂对肯尼亚西部疟疾发病率的影响。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/S095026882610171X

Tiffany Huwe, Cristian Koepfli, Eric O Ochomo, John E Gimnig, Nicole L Achee, John P Grieco, Bernard Abong'o, Vincent Moshi, Alex Perkins, Sean M Moore

{"title":"Optimizing the impact of a novel spatial repellent on malaria incidence in Western Kenya.","authors":"Tiffany Huwe, Cristian Koepfli, Eric O Ochomo, John E Gimnig, Nicole L Achee, John P Grieco, Bernard Abong'o, Vincent Moshi, Alex Perkins, Sean M Moore","doi":"10.1017/S095026882610171X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S095026882610171X","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in reducing global malaria incidence has slowed in recent years, demonstrating the need for new vector control tools to complement existing interventions in reaching global malaria control targets. Spatial repellents (SRs) can reduce pathogen transmission by altering the behaviors of Anopheles spp. mosquito vectors. A recent cluster-randomized control trial in western Kenya found that SRs reduced first-time infections by 33.4% in a highly-endemic setting with substantial insecticide resistance and high coverage of insecticide treated nets. We modeled the likely impact of the SR intervention in this setting under different deployment strategies, with the goal of identifying the best overall and per-product strategies. Continuous monthly SR deployment with 100% coverage caused the greatest (45.1%) reduction in infections versus no SR, although some seasonal approaches averted more infections per SR product. Six months of SR use starting in October caused a 36.4% reduction in infections and eight months starting in September reduced infections by 44.7%. This study identified optimum and efficient SR use strategies and highlights the importance of SR protection during periods of low and increasing transmission. When resources are limited, the coverage, deployment strategy, and timing of SR deployment all play a key role in maximizing product impact.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Published Salmonella risk assessment model contains major errors and inconsistencies - ERRATUM. 已发表的沙门氏菌风险评估模型包含重大错误和不一致-勘误。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101691

Mark Powell, Eric Ebel

引用次数: 0

Incidence of Treponema pallidum in donors from a blood centre in Colombia, 2012-2024. 2012-2024年哥伦比亚某血液中心献血者梅毒螺旋体发病率

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101721

Lucrecia González-Tamayo, Sara Saldarriaga-Vélez, Juliana Villa-Carrasquilla, Alejandro Gil-Betancur, Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias

{"title":"Incidence of Treponema pallidum in donors from a blood centre in Colombia, 2012-2024.","authors":"Lucrecia González-Tamayo, Sara Saldarriaga-Vélez, Juliana Villa-Carrasquilla, Alejandro Gil-Betancur, Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias","doi":"10.1017/S0950268826101721","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268826101721","url":null,"abstract":"Syphilis remains a significant transfusion-transmitted infection. In Colombia, routine epidemiological surveillance primarily targets pregnant women, leaving the burden of infection among the apparently healthy population. This study determined the incidence of Treponema pallidum and its associated factors in donors at a blood centre in Colombia between 2012 and 2024. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, analyzing 64,166 repeat blood donors. Incidence was calculated using 95% confidence intervals. Associations with demographic and donation-related variables were assessed using Chi-square test and potential confounders were adjusted using a multivariable regression model. The overall incidence of syphilis was 5.1 per 1,000 donors. The associated factors included age, sex, occupation, collection site, and donor type. Higher incidence proportions were observed in male donors (RR = 1.76), individuals aged between 60 and 65 years (RR = 2.43), unemployed individuals (RR = 3), donors collected at the centre (RR = 1.45), and replacement donors (RR = 3.51). These incidences indicate ongoing transmission within a low-risk population. The highest incidence in some groups enabled the generation of hypotheses about differential exposure patterns, guiding subsequent aetiological studies, and optimizing donor selection. Understanding local epidemiology is essential for designing public health interventions tailored to the specific epidemiological profile.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shift from a Zero-COVID strategy to a New-normal strategy for controlling SARS-COV-2 infections in Vietnam - CORRIGENDUM. 越南新冠肺炎疫情防控从零战略向新常态战略转变——勘误表

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-05-29 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101617

Do Thi Thanh Toan, Thanh Hai Pham, Khanh Cong Nguyen, Quang Thai Pham, Duc Doanh Ha, Hoa L Nguyen, Robert J Goldberg, Loc Quang Pham, Giang Minh Le, Tu Khac Nguyen, Van Khanh Tran, Van Thanh Ta

引用次数: 0

Seasonal Dynamics and Structural Changes in Dengue Transmission in Eastern Northeast of Brazil: A Time-Series Decomposition Using SSA and Pre- vs Post-COVID Comparative Analysis. 巴西东北部东部登革热传播的季节动态和结构变化：基于SSA的时间序列分解和covid前后对比分析

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101654

Amaury de Souza, Kelvy Rosalvo Alencar Cardoso, José Francisco de Oliveira Júnior

引用次数: 0

Incidence of skin and soft-tissue infections in England: 11-year retrospective study. 英国皮肤和软组织感染的发生率：11年回顾性研究。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-05-26 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101666

Venanzio Vella, Dominique Derreumaux, Emmanuel Aris, Sachi Mehra, Michele Pellegrini, Mario Contorni, Michael Scherbakov, Fabio Bagnoli

{"title":"Incidence of skin and soft-tissue infections in England: 11-year retrospective study.","authors":"Venanzio Vella, Dominique Derreumaux, Emmanuel Aris, Sachi Mehra, Michele Pellegrini, Mario Contorni, Michael Scherbakov, Fabio Bagnoli","doi":"10.1017/S0950268826101666","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268826101666","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological estimates for the incidence of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in England are limited. We aimed at evaluating the incidence of SSTIs and associated complications through a retrospective, observational 11-year study (2010-2020). We retrieved data on SSTI and associated complications from Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics, and the Office for National Statistics for England. More than four million SSTI episodes were identified, which corresponded to an overall incidence of 33.1 per 1000 person-years of observation (PYO). The incidence per 1000 PYO was highest in patients with a previous history of SSTI (109.8), ≥65 years (70.1), and those with comorbidities (69.0). The incidence of abscesses/cellulitis/other SSTIs (25.7) was the most frequent, followed by chronic ulcers (4.7) and surgical site infections (2.8). Of the 0.4 million SSTI hospitalizations, ~62.8% were due to abscesses/cellulitis/other SSTIs. Recurrences in the 12 months after the first SSTI were found in 19.5% of cases. Mortality due to SSTI and related complications varied between 0.4% and 0.5% across years, mostly in hospitalized settings. These results show that SSTIs are responsible for a substantial burden of disease in England and will help clinicians in better understanding the epidemiology of SSTI.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148028064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unjustified Poisson assumptions lead to overconfident estimates of the effective reproductive number. 不合理的泊松假设导致对有效繁殖数的过度自信估计。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2026-05-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268826101605

Barbora Němcová, Isaac H Goldstein, Jessalyn Sebastian, Volodymyr M Minin, Johannes Bracher

引用次数: 0