Environmental Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Partitioning of 1,2-dichlorobenzene onto organic and inorganic aerosols","authors":"Jeonghyeon Ahn, G. Rao, Eric P. Vejerano","doi":"10.1071/EN21016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN21016","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Contaminants adsorbed in aerosols are transported and deposited effectively to the respiratory system compared to their vapours. Measuring the extremely low concentration of highly volatile contaminants contained in aerosols is challenging; hence assessing their adverse effects on environmental and human health is less understood. The measured concentrations of these contaminants are similar to less volatile chemicals sampled from diverse environmental aerosols, suggesting that their contribution cannot be neglected. Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are not expected to partition onto aerosols because of their high vapour pressure. Studies on gas–aerosol partitioning of VOCs have been limited because of the challenge in discriminating the small mass fraction of the VOCs in the aerosol relative to that in the gas phase. Here, we developed a bench-scale system to investigate the partitioning of a surrogate VOC, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB), into inorganic and organic aerosols under different relative humidities (RHs) and temperatures. The partitioning coefficient (Kip) of 1,2-DCB into succinic acid (SA) aerosol was ~10× higher than those into ammonium sulfate (Am Sulf) aerosol. These Kip corresponded to 0.23–3.27 pg 1,2-DCB µg−1 of SA aerosol and 0.02–3.82 pg 1,2-DCB µg−1 of Am Sulf aerosol for RH levels of 5–95 %. Sorption of 1,2-DCB onto Am Sulf aerosol followed the classic relationship between Kip and RH, whereas that onto SA did not. For Am Sulf aerosols, RH levels exceeding 50 % have a negligible effect on partitioning, in which the extremely low amount of 1,2-DCB partitioned into the aerosol via dissolution. The octanol–air partition (KOA) model predicted the Kip of 1,2-DCB for SA aerosol better than the saturated vapour pressure partition (Pi0) model, whereas the Pi0 model predicted Kip better than the KOA model only when absorptive partitioning was considered.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77192921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DMS sea-to-air fluxes and their influence on sulfate aerosols over the Southern Ocean, south-east Indian Ocean and north-west Pacific Ocean","authors":"Miming Zhang, C. Marandino, Jinpei Yan, Qi Lin, Keyhong Park, Guojie Xu","doi":"10.1071/EN21003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN21003","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context The ocean-produced dimethyl sulfide (DMS) molecule is thought to affect cloud formation and the solar radiation budget at the Earth’s surface, hence playing an important role in regulating climate. In this study, we calculated the DMS sea-to-air flux across the Southern Ocean, south-east Indian Ocean and north-west Pacific Ocean, and analysed the influence of DMS fluxes on sulfate aerosols. These results improved our understanding of the effects of DMS emissions on sulfate compounds in the atmosphere over the global ocean. Abstract Oceanic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the most abundant biogenic sulfur compound emitted into the atmosphere and could indirectly regulate the global climate by impacting end product sulfate aerosols. DMS emissions and their influence on sulfate aerosols, i.e. methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42–), were investigated over the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean (SO), the south-east Indian Ocean, and the north-west Pacific Ocean from February to April 2014 during the 30th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. We found a strong large-scale DMS source in the marginal sea ice zone from 34 °W to 14 °E of the SO (south of 60 °S), in which the mean flux was 49.0 ± 65.6 μmol m−2 d−1 (0.6–308.3 μmol m−2 d−1, n = 424). We also found a second large-scale DMS source in the South Subtropical Front (~40 °S, up to 50.8 μmol m−2 d−1). An inconsistency between concentrations of atmospheric sulfate compounds and DMS emissions along the cruise track was observed. The horizontal advection of air masses was likely the main reason for this discrepancy. Finally, the biological exposure calculation results also indicated that it is very difficult to observe a straightforward relationship between oceanic biomass and atmospheric MSA.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89802537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between dimethyl trisulfide and cyanide","authors":"I. Kurashova, Alexey Kamyshny Jr","doi":"10.1071/EN20104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20104","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a malodorous compound formed from decomposing algal matter and can severely compromise the quality of drinking water. The reactivity of DMTS toward cyanide was studied in aqueous solutions at environmentally relevant conditions. It was found that the half-lives of DMTS in the presence of free cyanide varied from several months to several thousand years depending on environmental conditions. Abstract Organically bound sulfur in the form of mono-, di- and polysulfide bridges constitutes a significant fraction of this element in recent and ancient sediments. In water columns of lakes, the concentrations of organo-sulfur compounds are much lower, and they are present in the form of malodorous dimethyl polysulfides. Currently, information regarding reactivity of organic polysulfides towards nucleophiles that are stronger than hydroxyl anions is lacking. In this work, the reaction kinetics of dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) with the strong nucleophile and important environmental pollutant cyanide as a function of concentrations of reactants, pH and temperature were studied. It was found that the reaction rate constant as well as the activation energy of the reaction strongly depend on pH. The experimental data agree well with the existence of two distinct pathways: slow reaction between protonated cyanide and DMTS under acidic and neutral conditions and fast reaction between cyanide anion and DMTS under highly alkaline conditions. However, reactions of DMTS with the iron cyanide complexes hexacyanoferrate(ii) and hexacyanoferrate(iii) have no environmental significance since they are slower than the rate of DMTS decomposition. Under environmentally relevant conditions, rates of reactions of free cyanide with DMTS will be lower than the reaction with inorganic polysulfides or tetrathionate, but faster than the reaction with thiosulfate. Examples of application of kinetic parameters for calculation of rates of cyanide consumption in industrial and non-polluted natural aquatic systems as well as a protocol for quantification of organic polysulfide sulfur based on reaction with cyanide are provided.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79696859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorine-regulated surface chemical state of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and decolourisation mechanism of methylene blue","authors":"Xin Liao, Jimin Fang, Lingling Yang, Zhijie Xu, Xun Wang","doi":"10.1071/EN20163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20163","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context As a new type of photocatalytic material, nano-titanium dioxide can be applied in the field of energy and environmental protection. This research uses ammonium bifluoride to modify the titanium dioxide and analyses it in combination with interface chemistry theory, and finds that its photocatalytic efficiency has been greatly improved. This provides new ideas for wastewater treatment and pollutant degradation. Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was prepared by hydrothermally adjusting titanium sulfate with ammonium hydrogen fluoride. The UV-visible absorption spectra show that there was no significant redshift in the absorption sideband of the sample, but the addition of ammonium hydrogen fluoride affected the morphology and microstructure of the sample. When the molar ratio of F to Ti was 1.5, the specific surface area of TiO2 more than doubled, the surface complexation mode changed significantly and the number of surface-active sites increased by a factor of 16.24. The photocatalytic degradation measurements show that the decolourisation rate of the photocatalyst prepared by fluorine control was increased by 40 % compared with the uncontrolled sample. The analysis of the combined state of the catalyst surface shows that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency and the amount of deprotonated TiO− as well as the number of positively charged oxidation states of methylene blue are clearly correlated. Furthermore, the number of active sites of the catalyst increased and the electrostatic interaction between fluorine and titanium formed a F-Ti dipole moment, which intensified the interaction between the negatively charged TiO− ion and the positively charged quinone methylene blue molecule. The lone pair electron of N in the quinone methylene blue molecule and the 3d orbital of Ti formed a metastable complex through coordination, and demethylation of the methylene blue molecules was completed.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85436210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous denitrification and hexavalent chromium removal by a newly isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain W26 under aerobic conditions","authors":"Q. An, Shuman Deng, Bin Zhao, Zheng Li, Jia Xu, Jiaxi Song","doi":"10.1071/EN20097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20097","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Industrial development has caused the release of hexavalent chromium and nitrates into the environment. Interactions of hexavalent chromium and nitrates with microorganisms are important both for understanding environmental behaviour and for treatment options. Bacterial removal of both chromium and nitrate was optimised in waters relevant to waste streams and the environment. Abstract An isolated strain of the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain W26, is shown to be capable of the simultaneous removal of nitrate and CrVI under aerobic conditions. Notably, 10 mg L−1 of CrVI and 500 mg L−1 of nitrate were reduced by 92.6 % and 85.2 %, respectively, by strain W26. Results showed that an excellent denitrification efficiency of 96.0 % could be reached at the optimal conditions of a C/N ratio of 10, using a carbon source of trisodium citrate, at pH 7.5, and a nitrate concentration of 500 mg L−1. Strain W26 could also effectively remove high concentrations of CrVI (50 mg L−1, 93.2 %) and nitrate (700 mg L−1, 97.4 %). By using the N balance analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the denitrification and CrVI transformation processes were verified. CrVI, immobilised on the cell surface by W26, was reduced to CrIII, through interaction with of O=C and N-H groups. This study indicates that the isolated strain W26 has the potential to treat wastewater containing combined nitrate and CrVI contamination.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"413 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86774472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic fibre releases from industrial wastewater effluent: a textile wet-processing mill in China","authors":"C. K. Chan, Curie Park, K. Chan, Daniel C. W. Mak, J. K. Fang, D. Mitrano","doi":"10.1071/EN20143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20143","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment as an indicator of human impacts. The presence of MPFs in industrial wastewater effluents shows that attention should be placed not only on domestic release but also on the upstream processes of textile production. In the context of global MPF release, the ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source. Abstract Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment indicating human impacts on natural systems. The most common release pathway to the environment investigated are domestic textile laundering, transport through and retention in municipal wastewater treatment plants and subsequent application of processed sludge onto agricultural fields as soil amendment. A less-studied but potentially equally relevant source is releases further upstream in the textile production chain such as industrial wastewater effluents from textile processing mills. In this context, industrial wastewater from a typical textile wet-processing mill in China was sampled to estimate MPF release. Effluent was sampled and MPF fibre number and length were quantified by stereomicroscope. An average of 361.6 ± 24.5 MPFs L−1 was identified in the mill effluent. MPF length was highly variable, yet 92 % of all fibres were shorter than 1000 µm. Additionally, the sampling strategy was used to identify the optimal volume necessary to adequately subsample the effluent. We found that total fibre counts were linearly correlated with sample volumes between 1 and 10 L, but a sampling volume of 5 L is suggested for good reproducibility, low standard deviation and ease of working volume. The significant abundance of MPFs in the industrial wastewater effluent emphasises that not only should attention be placed on domestic releases, but the production stage of textiles can also be responsible for MPF pollution. The ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86602587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive adsorption of ofloxacin enantiomers to goethite: experiments and modelling","authors":"X. Qin, Xiaofei Zhong, Ping Du, Juan Chen, J. Jia, Ying He, Fei Liu, L. Weng","doi":"10.1071/EN20123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20123","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context The concentration, types and distribution of antibiotics in soils can have environmental effects and can be modelled using laboratory systems. Adsorption of ofloxacin (OFL) and levofloxacin (LEV) enantiomers to goethite can probe this behaviour and each binds differently to the solid phase. The different behaviour of LEV and OFL in relation to solid-solution partitioning will affect their environmental fate. Abstract The adsorption of ofloxacin enantiomers, namely levofloxacin (LEV) and ofloxacin (OFL), to goethite was investigated using batch experiments. Structural information of aqueous and adsorbed LEV or OFL was obtained with ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (EEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that LEV molecules formed a bridging bidentate complex (≡(FeO)2–LEV) with the surface of goethite, and OFL formed a monodentate complex (≡FeO–OFL). The adsorption of OFL to goethite was stronger than that of LEV, owing to differences in their physicochemical properties and bonding modes. The adsorption of LEV and OFL to goethite in single systems was well simulated using the charge distribution multi-site complexation (CD-MUSIC) model, but their adsorption in the LEV–OFL–goethite systems was overestimated at pH ~5.2 and high concentrations of LEV–OFL mixture (19.59 μM), in which the predicted amounts of adsorbed LEV and OFL were higher (20.0, 30.8 %) than the experimental results. Compared with the unprotonated LEV or OFL, the protonated (>99.9 %) ones were mainly adsorbed to the surface of goethite, and the single species may be used during their following modelling.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"17 1","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on status of environmental pollutions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclodocane, and tetrabromobisphenol A: A review","authors":"Wu Yuli, Xiao Yutang, Wang Guanping, Shih-Yi Wei, Sun Linquan, C. Yanfang, L. Dan","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020050502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020050502","url":null,"abstract":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are the main traditional brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Owing to the property of Semi-volatility, persistance, and mobility, they are all found in various environmental media and organisms all over the world. Toxicological studies have shown that PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA not only exhibited obvious biological toxicity and carcinogenicity, but also posed potential harm to the ecological environment and human. This paper briefly summarized the current status of PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA in the environment, and discussed the level, distribution, exposure routes and toxicity of three traditional BFRs in non-living organisms (dust, water, soil, sediment, sludge) and living organisms (plants, animals, and humans). In addition, the problems existing in nowadays research were mentioned. Finally, a preliminary outlook for future research on PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA was presented.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"384-403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74021561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature and nutrients on the emissions of biogenic volatile sulfur compounds from Ulva prolifera during the bloom decline period","authors":"Lu Han, Pei-feng Li, Chun-Ying Liu, Guipeng Yang","doi":"10.1071/en21072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82162109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollutants emission characteristics and emission reduction potential of crematoria flue gas in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China","authors":"Zhang Shihao, Chen Xi, Zhai Xiaoman, L. Jie, Xing Xiaolin, Wang Baocheng, Wang Jun, X. Yifeng, Wang Wei","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2019110602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2019110602","url":null,"abstract":"There is a large population and high number of death in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, therefore the amount of cremation and the incineration of sacrificial offerings is also high. Due to the loose pollution control in crematoria, the surrounding environment and human health were affected by the pollutants emitted from crematoria. To further explore the characteristics of pollution emissions from the BTH crematoria, this study carried out on-site emission monitoring of 19 cremators and 6 incinerators of sacrificial offerings in 19 crematoria in this region. The concentrations and chemical components of PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the emission levels of other gaseous pollutants from crematoria flue gas were obtained. The emission factors of air pollutants were calculated. Based on the activity level data, the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from the crematoria was established and its emission reduction potential was analyzed. Results showed that:(1) The average emission concentrations of TSP, CO and NOx from the crematoria in the BTH were seriously exceeding the national standard limits. Flue gas purification devices had significant effect on the removal of pollutants. (2) PM2.5/TSP=0.73 indicated that fine particles accounted for a large proportion in the flue gas of cremator; the concentration of organic matter (OC) was high and accounted for 25.3% in PM2.5. (3) The concentrations of benzene and benzene series, olefins, alkane were high in VOCs, accounting for 88.7%, which might pose health risks to exposed populations. (4) According to the emission inventory, the emissions of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and CO in the BTH crematoria in 2016 decreased by 47.8%, 47.8%, 47.9% and 26.1% respectively compared with those for 2007. The proportion of installation purification devices for crematorium was low in the BTH region and it was common that flue gas discharged directly into atmosphere which had considerable potential of emission reduction.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":"1059-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}