Environmental Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Iron isotopic compositions of combustion source particles and mineral dust","authors":"L. Rui, Zhang Huanhuan, He Yuting, An Yajun, Zhang Zhaofeng, Tang Mingjin","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020081502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020081502","url":null,"abstract":"Iron,one of the essential micronutrients for life,would largely promote oceanic primary productivity. Atmospheric deposition has been recognized as the dominant source of bioavailable iron in the open ocean;however,the relative contribution of combustion aerosol and mineral dust to bioavailable iron in the ocean remains poorly understood. The development of iron isotope techniques provides a new way for tracing iron sources. The application of iron isotope technique in atmospheric and oceanic sciences is still limited,and iron isotopic compositions of aerosols from various sources are not well understood. In this study,we selected one Chinese coal fly ash,two American coal fly ashes,one European city waste fly ash and three mineral dust samples from different regions (Arizona test dust from America,Luochuan Loess from China,and Xinjiang dust from China) and measured their iron contents and iron isotopic compositions. The maximum mass fraction of iron in coal fly ash was measured to be ~10%,significantly higher than those for city waste fly ash and mineral dust (both in the range of 2% to 4%). The δ56Fe values were determined to be 0.05‰-0.75‰ for the four fly ash samples and -0.05‰-0.21‰ for three mineral dust samples,respectively. Compared with mineral dust,combustion source particles showed heavier iron isotopic compositions,probably attributed to large variations in physicochemical properties of fuels and fly ashes.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":"990-998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81894746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of antibiotic mycelial fermentation residue: The critical review","authors":"Chen Guanyi, Li Huanbo, Li Jian, Yang Beibei, Dongxue Lei","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020061302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020061302","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic mycelial fermentation residue (AMFR) is a solid waste generated during the fermentation for the production of antibiotic drugs. As a state-specified hazardous waste, it causes huge environmental pollution due to the large yields, high contaminants, and the inevitable residual of antibiotics. The clean treatments of AMFR are facing difficulties. In this paper, the types, characteristics and perniciousness of AMFR are reviewed, and the feasible thermochemical technologies and non-thermochemical technologies are also introduced. Particularly, the thermochemical technologies are systematic summarized, including incineration, hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis /gasification. The general evaluations, environmental impact, applications and research progress of thermochemical technologies are comparatively analyzed. At the same time, it is hoped to provide some useful information for treating AMFR. For example, torrefaction, as a pretreatment, can eliminate the biological hazards and provide benefits for downstream thermal treatments. With this review, it shed a light on AMDR treatment during production process of antibiotic drugs, and promoted the sustainable and sound development of pharmaceutical industry of our country.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"459-473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90524235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical pitfalls when using inhibitors in specific nitrification assays","authors":"G. Humbert, M. Sebilo, M. Chorin, V. Vaury, A. Laverman","doi":"10.1071/en21118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21118","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context. Specific inhibitors of biological reactions in the nitrogen cycle can be used to determine the origin of reactive nitrogen species; these nitrogen species potentially degrade water quality or influence climate. However, inhibitors can potentially interfere with methods for the analysis of stable isotope ratios and concentrations of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The effect of this interference on several commonly used methods was investigated. These findings should help avoid the use of inappropriate analytical methods and improve data quality in studies of the nitrogen cycle. Abstract. Characterisation of the reaction steps involved in nitrification can help determine the processes that produce potentiallyharmfulenvironmentalpollutantssuchasnitrite,nitrateandnitrousoxide(N 2 O).Theuseofnitrificationinhibitors can uncouple the reactions and therefore assist in their mechanistic and isotopic characterisation. However, nitrification inhibitors can interfere with the methods for determining the concentrations and stable isotope ratios of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The interference of allylthiourea, hydrazine or sodium chlorate in colorimetric methods and stable isotope measurements were assessed. Ammonium concentrations were measured with the salicylate method. Nitrite and nitrate were measuredwiththeGriessreaction,withnitratefirstbeingreducedtonitritewithvanadium(III)chloride.Forthestableisotopeanalysis,nitritewasreducedtoN 2 O in a 1 :1 sodium azide and acetic acid buffer solution; preceded, when necessary, by ammonium oxidation to nitrite by hypobromite or nitrate reduction to nitrite on an activated cadmium column. Sodium chlorate did not interfere with any of the analyses and none of the inhibitors interfered with the stable isotope ratios determinationofnitrate.Allylthioureainterferedwithammoniumandnitratequantification.Bothallylthioureaandhydrazinealsoclearlyinterferedinthedeterminationofthenitrogenstableisotoperatioofammonium,whileonlyallylthioureainterferedinthedeterminationofnitrogenandoxygenstableisotoperatiosofnitrite.Althoughwesuggestmethodstoovercomesomeoftheseinterferences,ourstudydemonstratedthattheanalyticalmethodsusedincombinationwithallylthioureaorhydrazineasnitrificationinhibitorsshouldbeconsideredwithcautionwhendesigningexperiments.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87216702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exposure routes, organ damage and related mechanism of the microplastics on the mammal","authors":"Wang Yingxue, Xu Man, W. Lixin, Cui Jiansheng","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020053002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020053002","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics widely exist in the atmosphere, soil and water environment, causing extensive attention to their adverse effects on human health. We here systematically recapitulated the exposure routes of microplastics for human body and the consequent toxic effects on human organs. The exposure routes include digestive tract, respiratory tract and skin, particularly digestive tract. It has been revealed that intestinal tract, liver and kidney are the main enrichment sites of microplastics, leading to intestinal flora imbalance, intestinal function disorder and liver lipid metabolism disorder. However, the toxic effects on other tissues and systems, such as lung, kidney, nervous system and reproductive system, warrant more studies.The underlying toxic mechanisms of microplastics mainly include oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The current review would help advance the systematical understand on the health hazards of microplastics, and provide support for the risk assessment of microplastics in the future.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84739374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticisers in the terrestrial environment: sources, occurrence and fate","authors":"Alexis C. Billings, Kevin C. Jones, M. Pereira, D. Spurgeon","doi":"10.1071/en21033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21033","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context. Many human activities cause the release of plastic and associated plasticisers to land, where chemicals may persist for extended periods and be taken up by organisms. However, quantitative information of the terrestrial occurrence, fate and exposure of phthalate and non-phthalate plasticisers is lacking. Research into this field is needed, especially as society moves away from phthalates to the next generation of plasticisers which may themselves represent an emerging risk. Abstract. Modern society is widely dependent upon plastic. Therefore, it is unsurprising that macro- and microplastic pollution is found in every environmental compartment on earth. Plasticisers are chemicals added to plastics to increase their flexibility. Like plastics themselves, plasticisers are also widely present in the environment. Plasticisers and plastic debris may undergo long-range transport in the atmosphere and the oceans, contaminating even the most remote areas of land. In addition, although plasticisers typically degrade in a matter of weeks–months, they can persist in soil for decades and have been shown to occur in all land uses studied. Some plasticisers are genotoxic and can be taken up by soil organisms, which may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. To date the majority of data on plasticisers exists for phthalates. However, plasticisers are a diverse range of chemicals and with the increasing transfer to non-phthalate alternatives, research into the fate and effects of emerging plasticisers is required to determine their environmental risk and management options. Data on the occurrence and ecotoxicity of emerging plasticisers, in addition to the impacts of all plasticisers on terrestrial ecosystems, therefore, remain a key research need within the wider plastics debate. in the global fate and behaviour of persistent organic pollutants and chemicals management. Dr M. Glo´ria Pereira is the Head of the Centralised Chemistry Laboratories at UKCEH and the Head of the NEIF Lancaster Node. The team comprises 17 environmental chemists who carry out metals, nutrients, isotopes and organic analyses and the labs have ISO17025:2017 accreditation. Her research focuses on persistent organic pollutants at environmental levels as well as the identification of emerging compounds that can pose a risk to the environment, wildlife and humans.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84374179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, distribution and flux of dimethyl sulfide in the East China Sea and its contribution to atmospheric sulfate aerosols","authors":"Jin-wei Wu, Feng Xu, Long Liu, M. Ren, Hong‐Hai Zhang, Guipeng Yang","doi":"10.1071/en21079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84434150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of calcium nitrate dosing frequency on biological conditioning of sludge","authors":"Wang Yuhui, Wei Yanceng, Huang Qiujie, Xiao Jiamu, Zhu Nan‐wen","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2019091904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2019091904","url":null,"abstract":"Degradable organics in the excess sludge can be decomposed and sped up by denitrifying bacteria with Ca(NO3)2 added, which can enhance the dewaterability of sludge. With the total NO3- dosage of 100 mg·g-1 TS, and the dosing frequencies of Ca(NO3)2 divided into 1, 2, 3 and 6 times during six days respectively, the dewaterability of sludge was observed. It was shown that the sludge CST could be reduced by 65.0%, the SRF was reduced by 73.2%, the protein in extracellular polymeric substance of sludge was reduced, and the protein in S-EPS and LB-EPS was reduced from 13.47 mg·L-1, 11.66 mg·L-1 to 0.52 mg·L-1, 1.43 mg·L-1respectiveLy, the Zeta potential tend to become electroneutral after Ca(NO3)2 added, which was helpful for improve sludge dewaterability. The results also indicated that sludge dewaterability could be improved greatly with Ca (NO3)2 added at one-time, since more nitrite could be produced, which could help release the microbial cytoplasm, the released organics in the microbial cytoplasm, could be used by denitrifying bacteria as carbon source.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"117 1","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80619266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of biomethane potential and kinetics modelling of green macroalgae from the South Atlantic Sea: Codium sp. (Codiaceae) and Ulva sp. (Ulvaceae)","authors":"Daniela Giselle Ibarlucía, E. Santalla, V. Córdoba","doi":"10.1071/en21088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87339351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of CNT loading and environmental stressors on leaching of polymer-associated chemicals from epoxy and polycarbonate nanocomposites","authors":"I. Walker, M. Montaño, Ronald S. Lankone, D. Fairbrother, P. L. Ferguson","doi":"10.1071/en21043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21043","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes are increasingly added to polymer matrices to improve tensile strength and electrical and thermal conductivity, and to reduce gas permeability. During use and after disposal, these plastic nanocomposites (PNCs) are degraded into microplastics by physical and chemical processes including mechanical abrasion, UV light exposure, hydrolysis and oxidation. Such polymers have the potential to enter aquatic environments and release potentially hazardous polymer-associated chemicals and transformation products. This work identifies and quantifies polymer-associated chemicals leached from polymers and nanocomposites during simulated environmental exposure. Epoxy and polycarbonate PNCs containing single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) loadings ranging from 0 to 1 wt-% were exposed to water for 5 days, and the release of the chemicals bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-tert-butylphenol (TBP) was measured. The role of UV exposure, pH, temperature and natural organic matter in regulating chemical release was also investigated. Temperature, pH and UV light were found to be the most significant factors influencing release of TBP and BPA from PNCs. Additionally, increasing carbon nanotube loading in both polycarbonate and epoxy composites was found to decrease the release of these phenolic chemicals. A 0.3% higher SWCNT loading decreased the release of BPA 45 18%, and a 1 % SWCNT loading decreased chemical release from epoxy by 48 26% for BPA and 58 8% for TBP. This information provides important data that can be used to help assess the risks posed by SWCNT polymer nanocomposites in aqueous environments, particularly as they age and are transformed.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81845554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal pollution in the soil around typical metal smelting and mining enterprises in Hunan Province","authors":"D. Chen, Lucas Tan, Zimeng Nie, Zixue Wan, Qian Shu, Haijun Yang","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2021010901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2021010901","url":null,"abstract":"In order to understand the current situation of heavy metal pollution in soil around typical metal smelting and mining industry in Hunan Province, 30 enterprises in the metal smelting and mining industry were selected as the research objects in this study, single factor pollution index, Nemeiro pollution index, potential ecological risk index and “Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standards” (GB15618-2018) were used to comprehensively evaluate the polution status of the soil cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and the main components method and the correlation method are also used to explore the sources of heavy metal pollution. The results showed that: The average values of Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Ni in the samples in the contaminated area were 3.22, 0.985, 65.63, 67.43, 165.53, 94.07, 328, 43.9 mg·kg−1, it is 2.01, 3.66, 1.89, 1.98, 1.98, 1.14, 1.58, 1.39 times of the mean value of the corresponding heavy metal elements in the control point samples; The single factor pollution index (Pi) of heavy metals is Cd>As>Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Hg in dry land, Cd>Hg>Pb>As>Zn>Ni>Cu>Cr in paddy fields, Cd>Zn>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Ni>Hg in wild grassland, and the order of the heavy metal Pi in woodland is the same as that of dry land. Results of Nemeiro Comprehensive Pollution Index show that the proportion of heavy metal pollution in paddy field, dry land, wasteland and woodland is 44.4%, 48.1%, 52.4%, and 31.6% respectively. The comprehensive evaluation results of the potential ecological risk index showed that the risk levels of dryland, paddy field, wasteland and forestland were 83.3%, 74%, 71.4% and 47.4% in intensity or above. The results of the risk control standard evaluation of agricultural land found that among the 93 soil samples in the contaminated areas, the proportion of samples in the priority protection category, safe use category and strict control category was 10.8%, 50.5% and 38.7% respectively. The results of source analysis showed that Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Cu in the contaminated soil may be influenced by agricultural activities, industrial activities and transportation, Cr may come from the control of the parent material of the soil, and Hg and Ni may be affected by industrial activities. The results show that the pollution control of heavy metals in the soil around the typical metal smelting and mining industry in Hunan Province should focus on strengthening the control and treatment of pollution sources of Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Zn.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":"2667-2679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88312449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}