Energy PolicyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115054
Wei Ouyang, Chen Liang, Yang Zhou
{"title":"Back to the hearth: Unraveling the triple nexus of population aging, income descent, and regressive energy transition in rural households","authors":"Wei Ouyang, Chen Liang, Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring affordable clean energy and reducing inequalities are fundamental to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Dependence on non-clean energy sources exacerbates household air pollution and clean energy consumption inequality (CECI). This study, based the 6E framework of energy selection, examines the impact of household population aging (HPA) on clean energy consumption (CEC) and CECI in rural households, using balanced panel data from 3,404 rural households spanning 2020–2023. The findings reveal a diversified energy consumption pattern, with rural households utilizing an average of 2.7 energy sources. A three-way fixed effects model identifies a significant negative correlation: a 1 % increase in HPA leads to a 0.031 % decrease in CEC. The results remain robust after addressing reverse causality using the instrumental variable method and lagging the core explanatory variable, alongside multiple robustness checks. This decline is primarily driven by reduced non-agricultural income and increased reliance on traditional biomass energy. As HPA constrains CEC, rural households experience heightened CECI at the consumption level. While the impact varies by energy type, it remains consistent across different energy applications and income compositions. Notably, the adverse effects are most pronounced in households without pension support. These findings highlight the need for targeted policies, such as subsidies for elderly farmers, to enhance clean energy adoption and mitigate the challenges posed by demographic shifts in rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115054"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy PolicyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115005
Yanyan Tang , Zongguo Wen , Song Hu , Yaoming Li , Minyan Lu
{"title":"Allocation equality of battery replacement subsidy for electric buses: Evidence from provinces and cities in China","authors":"Yanyan Tang , Zongguo Wen , Song Hu , Yaoming Li , Minyan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global uptake of Electric Buses (EBs), a number of power batteries are nearing end-of-life, straining local government finances and causing service suspensions, particularly in less developed regions. China introduced the world's first targeted subsidy policy for replacing retired EB batteries in 2025, leaving the implementation pathways and effects unknown. This study employs support vector machine, Weibull distribution and multi-scenario simulation to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of retired EB batteries. Using the Gini coefficient, the impact of subsidy levels and local fiscal contribution ratios on allocation equality is quantitatively assessed. Based on the historical EB sales data and power battery information from 2009 to 2022, a representative case study of China is conducted, covering 31 mainland provinces and 337 cities. The results show that: (i) Cumulative retired EB battery packs are projected to reach 0.40–0.44 million during 2025–2030; (ii) The average annual local government replacement subsidy is estimated to be 327.52–362.90 million CNY, with an overall Gini coefficient of 0.30–0.39 indicating reasonable fairness; (iii) Variations in subsidy amounts and cost-sharing ratios exert a non-linear impact on overall fairness, though an optimization range exists for enhancement. This research will promote sustainable industry development and regional coordination strategies for the EB industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115005"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy PolicyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115037
Boqiang Lin , Jiangnan Li
{"title":"The marketization of green electricity trading and investment decisions of new energy enterprises","authors":"Boqiang Lin , Jiangnan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green electricity trading, a key mechanism to promote new energy consumption and market development in China, has seen continuous reforms. The government's efforts to integrate green electricity into the power market have stabilized revenue expectations, but subsidy phase-out and increased competition have raised concerns about investment decisions. Using corporate financial data from Q4 2022 to Q1 2025 and manually collected green electricity certificate trading data, this study employs fixed effect models and support vector machine algorithms to investigate the nonlinear impact of fluctuations in green certificate prices on enterprise investment decisions. The study finds: (1) A decrease in green certificate price fluctuations initially increases, then decreases the fixed asset growth rate, forming an inverted U-shape. (2) When volatility stabilizes at low levels, speculative arbitrage opportunities shrink, delaying investment. (3) The inverted U-shape is more prominent in photovoltaic and energy storage firms, with high-turnover firms more sensitive to volatility and efficient firms more driven by market signals. This study suggests optimizing the green electricity certificate trading market mechanism by adjusting the supply elasticity of green certificates to create reasonable fluctuation space.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115037"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy PolicyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115038
Shiyu Li , Zanfeng Wang , Wenji Zhou , Anlan Lin , Hongtao Ren
{"title":"Provincial employment effects of coal mine retirement in China's carbon-neutral transition","authors":"Shiyu Li , Zanfeng Wang , Wenji Zhou , Anlan Lin , Hongtao Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's just transition toward carbon neutrality requires carefully designed coal mine retirement strategies that balance climate objectives with social equity and regional development disparities. In this study, we propose a comprehensive analytical framework combining the RUC-MESSAGEix-China (RMC) integrated assessment model with facility-level coal mine data to evaluate three distinct retirement strategies across China's 19 major coal-producing provinces. The cost-optimal strategy prioritizes economic efficiency, the employment-oriented strategy emphasizes social equity, and the balanced strategy seeks an optimal solution between competing objectives. The results show that while all strategies achieve similar retirement targets by 2060, they follow dramatically different pathways. The balanced strategy emerges as optimal for most provinces like Anhui, preserving cumulatively 1.78 million additional job-years compared to cost-optimal strategies. By 2060, the cost-optimal strategy concentrates all remaining operations in efficient regions like Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, while the employment-oriented strategy preserves a broader industrial footprint across provinces like Henan, Shanxi, and Liaoning. Furthermore, provincial analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity: high-production, high-GDP provinces like Shanxi benefit from gradual transitions, while resource-constrained regions like Guizhou require targeted support. The carbon capture and storage scenario demonstrates an improved performance on employment, facilitating an extended employment transition period and enhanced job retention. These findings highlight the necessity of differentiated, location-specific just transition policies rather than uniform national approaches, ensuring no region is left behind during China's decarbonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115038"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterogeneity in policy preferences for energy renovation: Evidence from a mixed-effects ordinal model","authors":"Antonin Beringhs , Joël Wagner , Gabrielle Wanzenried","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy renovations are a key pillar for reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and lowering energy demand in the residential sector. This work makes a central contribution by linking the determinants of renovation decisions among owner-occupiers with the impact they assign to a wide range of existing and prospective policy instruments, thereby providing robust empirical evidence for guiding the evolution of the energy renovation policy mix. The analyses rely on data from a custom-designed survey administered in 2024 to 1 400 Swiss owner-occupiers. We employ a two-step methodology, combining a descriptive analysis of the determinants and the importance assigned to the instruments with the estimation of cumulative link mixed models (CLMMs) that characterise the heterogeneity factors shaping the importance assigned to prospective instruments. The descriptive analyses show that technical and financial considerations primarily drive renovation decisions, while the procedural complexity is a major barrier. Financial instruments clearly dominate renovation incentives, with information, cooperative or regulatory measures perceived as weak motivators. Homeowners also express strong support for strengthening existing financial instruments and introducing risk-management tools, while new regulatory measures garner little support. The importance assigned to these instruments is influenced by behavioural traits and varies systematically with socio-demographic and technical characteristics. Although based on Swiss data, the similarity of building stock characteristics across Europe and the standard typology of the policy instruments examined make these conclusions relevant beyond the Swiss context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115033"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy PolicyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115001
O. Canto-Franco , Javier Mendoza-Vizcaino , L. San-Pedro , A. Brown , K.G. Cedano-Villavicencio , J.F. Sarmiento-Franco , M.A. Escalante Soberanis
{"title":"Community-based processes of energy poverty in indigenous communities in Mexico: The case study of Pixyah, Yucatan","authors":"O. Canto-Franco , Javier Mendoza-Vizcaino , L. San-Pedro , A. Brown , K.G. Cedano-Villavicencio , J.F. Sarmiento-Franco , M.A. Escalante Soberanis","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines energy poverty in the Indigenous community of Pixyah, Yucatán, Mexico, located within the Ring of Cenotes, a protected natural reserve. In this region, electricity services are frequently intermittent, and potable water is extracted from underground aquifers through electromechanical pumping systems. Such conditions directly affect the community's ability to meet basic needs and exacerbate living precariousness. The research compares the impact of incorporating contextually relevant indicators into the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) and the Capabilities-driven Energy Satisfactors Index (CESI) through the integration of community perspectives during their formulation. Two additional variables were introduced “uninterrupted electricity supply” and “access to potable water” to better reflect local realities. The findings reveal that the community's MEPI exceeds 50 %, indicating that at least half of the population fails to meet the evaluated dimensions. However, the results also suggest that this value could be improved to approximately 20 % through the implementation of community-based solutions and locally driven initiatives. These results suggest that further contextual adjustments to the MEPI are necessary to improve its accuracy and applicability in specific social and territorial contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115001"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The crucial role of electricity bill comprehension in consumer intention of solar panel systems adoption","authors":"Cecilia Castro-Cárdenas , Edgardo Arturo Ayala Gaytán , Teofilo Ozuna (Jr.)","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy transition towards renewable sources has become a key objective on the agenda of numerous nations, increasing interest in various energy generation alternatives, such as photovoltaic technologies, where domestic consumers play a crucial role. Understanding their adoption is critical to global agendas. This study investigated whether comprehension of electricity bills affects the adoption intention of solar photovoltaic energy. The research assesses seven factors that influence the adoption of solar panel systems (SPS): perceived costs, environmental concern, perceived quality and trust in the energy provider, and cognitive biases, including risk preferences, social influence bias, and inertia bias. This analysis employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) techniques with a data sample of 348 respondents. The results revealed that all factors, except trust in the utility provider, had a significant impact on the adoption intention of SPS. The main finding indicates that the level of influence of the studied factors on the adoption intention of SPS was significantly moderated by comprehension of electricity bills. In particular, we found that individuals with a high degree of comprehension of their electricity bills are more influenced by environmental awareness and service quality rather than perceived costs or biases such as social influence. Conversely, those who do not understand their electricity bills are primarily guided by social pressures or cost burdens which can slow down the adoption of SPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115064"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy PolicyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115030
Marta Moretto , Michael G. Pollitt
{"title":"How many zones should an electricity market have? A cross-country perspective on bidding zone design","authors":"Marta Moretto , Michael G. Pollitt","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The configuration of bidding zones has become a central issue in the ongoing debate on electricity market design. This paper critically analyses the effectiveness and limitations of zonal pricing through a comparative analysis of Italy, Norway, Sweden and Australia-with zonal systems-and of Texas and California, which moved from zonal to nodal regimes. We analyze the institutional, technical and socio-economic factors that shape these divergent trajectories, highlighting how national authority in the European context and energy system characteristics influence market structure. In zonal markets, locational pricing applies on the supply side, while demand-side application varies. By examining zoning processes and price convergence, we identify both shared patterns and context-specific dynamics. While zonal pricing can enhance transparency and investment signals, its effectiveness depends on periodic bidding zones reviews. The findings support a flexible approach to bidding zone design, aligned with the objectives of decarbonization, market integration, and system reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115030"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy PolicyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115040
Ruiqiu Yao, Yutao Li, Liz Varga, Yukun Hu
{"title":"A multi-criteria analysis framework for hydrogen carrier evaluation in large-scale intercontinental hydrogen exports","authors":"Ruiqiu Yao, Yutao Li, Liz Varga, Yukun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to sustainable energy systems has underscored green hydrogen as a pivotal solution for reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Green hydrogen carriers possess substantial potential for storing and transporting hydrogen globally. To assist in the decision-making process for evaluating and selecting suitable green hydrogen carriers for international hydrogen trade, this study proposes a structured multi-criteria evaluation framework that combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process with TOPSIS and VIKOR to assess five green hydrogen carriers: liquid hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, dibenzyltoluene, and toluene. Performance criteria include techno-economics (levelised cost of hydrogen, internal rate of return), environmental impacts (IPCC GWP100, ReCiPe end-point) and carrier efficiency. The framework is applied to a prospective South Africa to United Kingdom green hydrogen supply chain, with seven sensitivity cases that vary in capacity factors for electrolysers, utility prices, and grid carbon intensity. The case study shows that carriers have distinct performance across criteria. TOL has the lowest levelised cost of hydrogen ($7.07 kg<sup>−1</sup>H<sub>2</sub>), whereas liquid hydrogen has the lowest environmental impacts (7.62 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq kg<sup>−1</sup>H<sub>2</sub>, 0.77 Pt kg<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>) and the best carrier efficiency (77.62 %). The AHP-TOPSIS method selects liquid hydrogen as the near-ideal carrier. The AHP-VIKOR selects methanol in most sensitivity cases and shifts to ammonia when renewable sources supply process energy. The proposed framework provides policy-makers with a transparent tool for evaluating green-hydrogen carriers in international trade and for crafting aligned infrastructure and incentive policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115040"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy PolicyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115036
Selahattin Murat Sirin , Dilek Uz
{"title":"Monetary policy shocks and day-ahead electricity markets: Insights from a “bizarre policy experiment”","authors":"Selahattin Murat Sirin , Dilek Uz","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2025.115036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A well-functioning electricity market is fundamental to achieving economic efficiency and advancing the clean energy transition. However, inconsistent and poorly planned monetary policies can disrupt energy markets, distorting market signals, and introducing risks that hinder efficient operations. While the existing literature predominantly focuses on fossil fuel markets, this paper shifts the focus to electricity markets, which play a central role in the energy transition. Leveraging a unique monetary policy experiment, characterized by unorthodox policy decisions and the unusual and arbitrary preterm dismissals of central bank governors, this study examines the short-term effects of monetary policy shocks on day-ahead electricity markets in the context of a developing country. The findings reveal asymmetric impacts of monetary policy shocks on firms’ market behavior, with notable heterogeneity in responses. These dynamics pose additional challenges for electricity market operations and achieving emission reduction targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115036"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}