Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"A systematic study involving patent analysis and theoretical modeling of eco-friendly technologies for electric vehicles and power batteries to ease carbon emission from the transportation industry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using natural and recycled materials in the manufacturing of electric vehicles (EVs) and power batteries (PBs) offers several environmental, economic, and technical compelling advantages. Recently, extensive study has been dedicated on the manufacturing of EVs and their power batteries to comprehensively address these advantages. This research analyzes 12,202 scientific patents from 1970 to 2021, evaluating eco-friendly materials for EVs and power batteries. The study identifies current status and gaps in research, mapping collaborations and networks, assessing core technologies, classification of innovative materials, future research directions; hence environmental and economic implications. To assess current development and forecast future technologies, hybrid autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series model combined with an advanced machine learning logistic regression algorithm were employed. Patents analyses results unveil noteworthy insights: Dynamic analysis demonstrates a growing interest in eco-friendly EVs and PBs manufacturing from countries such as China (PF2/PF1 = 0.406), U.S.A (PF2/PF1 = 0.468), Germany (PF2/PF1 = 0.465), and Japan (PF2/PF1 = 0.427). Key companies including TOSHIBA, BYD, TOYOTA, and TESLA are leading the way in technology transfer related to the manufacturing of eco-friendly EVs and PBs. Latest technology update reveals that, synthetic “SofTex” leather has 85 % less CO₂ emissions than genuine leather during the processing, recycled aluminum production emits 97 % less CO₂ than new production. Ford’s aim is to reduce its carbon footprint by utilizing 1.2 billion plastic bottles from landfills waste per year for making vehicle parts, resulting in a noteworthy 50–60 % weight reduction and a 37 % decrease in CO₂ emissions in new vehicles compared to traditional counterparts. S-curve analysis further highlights a remarkable surge in patent filings for EVs and PBs since 2011. Notably, the patent CN-101013763-A holds significant influence in driving innovation route and utilization of eco-friendly materials such as bio-paint, bamboo, recycled plastic, and advanced steel in the manufacturing of EVs and PBs. In the predictable future, ongoing research will pinpoint opportunities for advancing technology to lead carbon reduction and sustainability in the EV industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-criteria decision analysis of clean energy technologies for envisioning sustainable development goal 7 in Australia: Is solar energy a game-changer?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achieving energy sustainability is cardinal to align the efforts of any country towards climate actions. Australia being blessed with high renewable energy potential has an energy mix currently dominated by fossil fuels. This projects Australia as an interesting case study to analyse the potential of commercial clean energy technologies to pursue the vision of Sustainable Development Goal 7 in Australia. The proposed study incorporates a hybrid quantitative–qualitative methodology to assess the potential of clean energy technologies and direct the current scenario to achieve energy sustainability. Initially, the prominent commercialised clean energy technologies in Australia are identified which include hydropower, wind energy, solar energy and bioenergy. The evaluation criteria are designed to illustrate the characteristics of energy sustainability from the dimensions of energy transition, geographic, economic, political, social and environmental criteria. A total of 16 sub-criteria are outlined to reflect the energy sustainability vision against which the alternatives are assessed. The weightage to each criterion is determined by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Shannon’s Entropy models. The potential of clean energy alternatives is assessed and ranked with the aid of 7 multicriteria decision-making models to obtain robust and reliable results. The results imply that solar energy technology has the highest potential to support the energy sustainability vision of Australia with a score of 39.7 % followed by wind energy, hydropower and bioenergy technologies with a score of 29.8 %, 20.6 % and 9.9 %, respectively. Sensitive analysis is performed to analyse the impact of weightage and normalization methods. Spearman’s weighted rank correlation analysis and the rank reversal test has been performed to validate the results. The qualitative assessment is performed to investigate the hindering and supporting factors to promote clean energy technologies in Australia and to frame the strategies to achieve SDG 7. Policies to support rooftop PV and investments towards either grid integration or grid expansion scenarios have a huge role in influencing the progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 7 in Australia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890424009488/pdfft?md5=84331bdc8e0520c023c81f155b7a6bc5&pid=1-s2.0-S0196890424009488-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia as a hydrogen carrier: An energy approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of ammonia as an energy carrier by simulating and analysing the energy consumption and production of an integrated ammonia-to-power system. It involves ammonia synthesis, purification, conditioning to meet the storage requirements, ammonia decomposition, membrane hydrogen separation, and the power generation through either a proton exchange membrane fuel cell or a hydrogen combustion process. The two different integrated systems were simulated using Aspen HYSYS® and Aspen Custom Modeler® to generate 105 kW of electrical power for a residential application (twenty homes). The energy feasibility was assessed by comparing the total energy consumption with the energy produced by the two integrated options. Due to the initially high energy consumption, <em>Aspen Energy Analyzer</em>^TM was employed to design a heat exchanger network for heat integration. The obtained results based on the heat integration network significantly improved energy efficiency for both alternatives of hydrogen exploitation, demonstrating the feasibility of a circular hydrogen economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a hybrid energy storage system for heat and electricity: Application to green hydrogen production process integrated with a municipal solid waste incinerator","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the climate crisis and transition to a hydrogen economy, large-scale systems for green hydrogen production must be developed. Achieving this goal requires continuous generation of green hydrogen and improvement of the energy efficiency of the production system. The proposed integrated process comprises a municipal solid waste incineration plant, a solid oxide electrolysis cell, and a hybrid energy storage system that combines compressed air energy storage and amine-based thermal energy storage. By integrating the thermal and mass systems of municipal solid waste incineration plants, solid oxide electrolysis cells, and hybrid energy storage systems, innovative processes are developed that reduce carbon emissions and enhance the system’s energy efficiency. The energy consumption of this hydrogen-production system is 7.8 % lower than that of conventional systems, achieving an exergy efficiency of 74.4 %. The exergy and power efficiencies of the hybrid energy storage system are 54.4 % and 57.2 %, respectively. Additionally, the amine-based thermal energy storage in this hybrid energy storage system can capture 98.0 % of the carbon dioxide emitted from the municipal solid waste incineration plant, resulting in an integrated process that excels in energy efficiency and offers significant environmental benefits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An eco-friendly system of thermally regenerative battery-driven electrochemical CO2 reduction: In-situ harvesting of low-grade heat as electrical power for reducing CO2 emissions of flue gas","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To realize the utilization of power energy from thermally regenerative batteries and treat flue gas, an eco-friendly coupled system of thermally regenerative battery-driven electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is proposed. This system recovers low-grade waste heat for electrical power while in-situ utilization for carbon dioxide reduction. The results show that carbon nanotubes-loaded silver catalyst enhances electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction performance due to increased active sites exposure. Output voltage and maximum power correlate linearly with the number of cell pairs in the thermally regenerative battery stack. Operating with 4 cell pairs, the eco-friendly coupled system achieves an average carbon monoxide Faradaic efficiency of 76.6 % and an average carbon monoxide Faradaic current density of 5.4 mA cm⁻². A minimum of 3 cell pairs is necessary for system operation. The increase of cell pairs in a certain range is beneficial for the performance improvement of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. The eco-friendly coupled system attains an average Faradaic efficiency of 89.4 % and an average carbon monoxide Faradaic current density of 17.8 mA cm⁻² with 8 cell pairs. This coupled system indicates a feasible and promising way to simultaneously reduce the emission of low-grade waste heat and carbon dioxide in flue gas without additional inputs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of carbon nano additives in compression ignition engines: A comprehensive review on combustion characteristics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the ever-increasing demand for cleaner combustion, researchers have turned their attention to innovative solutions, and carbon nano additives (CNAs) have emerged as a promising candidate. The physicochemical properties of CNAs such as high thermal conductivity, catalytic reactivities, and high specific surface area, make them an attractive choice for improving fuel combustion in diesel engines. This review critically and comprehensively examines the utilization of various tested CNAs for the first time, including single wall and multi wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs and MWCNTs), graphene oxide (GO), graphite, carbon nano particle (CNP), carbon quantum dot (CQD), and graphene quantum dot (GCDs) as fuel additives in diesel engines. It explores their effects on fuel properties, combustion characteristics, engine performance, and emissions. These additives have been tested to analyze the combustion behaviors of several fuel blends, including biodiesel/diesel blended with alcohols, water, diethyl ether (DEE). The pros and cons of using CNAs in diesel engines are thoroughly scrutinized. Among fuel properties, the cetane number and viscosity were most improved. CNAs have the potential to enhance overall performance and emissions concurrently. However, GO and MWCNTs demonstrated the greatest simultaneous improvement in both engine performance and emissions. Most CNTs and MWCNTs showed improvements in BSFC and BTE. All studies unanimously indicated that GO could improve BSFC and BTE parameters. Nonetheless, the most troublesome parameter was the NOx pollutant, which most additives were unable to improve. The characteristics of fuel combustion were significantly enhanced using hybrid fuel of CNAs and metal-based additives. Future studies should focus on unsteady condition, optimum combustion condition, the stability of the blends, and identifying the best base fuel for the additives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of multi-sensor fusion water state observer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on particle filter","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inadequate water management undermines the reliability and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Thus, it is necessary to identify the internal water state of the PEMFC accurately and control it within a reasonable range. The internal state of the PEMFC can be estimated online by simplifying the mechanism model. However, existing models neglect critical factors like water distribution across flow channels, gas diffusion layers, and catalyst layers, as well as the water content in the ionomer, liquid saturation, and vapor pressure within the membrane. Thus, in this work, a simplified mechanism model of PEM containing water content in ionomer, liquid water, and water vapor is established. Then, the influence of measurement noise and process noise set values on the performance of the observer is analyzed. The observer can exhibit the best performance when the noise variance is set as 10⁻⁴ and the process noise is set as 10⁻⁸ to match the actual noise variance. Finally, an internal state observer based on the model and the particle filter algorithm is developed. Based on the simulation, the internal water state trend of the PEMFC is analyzed, and the performance of the state observer based on voltage, high frequency resistance, and sensor signal fusion is compared. The results show that the observer based on sensor signal fusion is good at observing the water state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinas plug-in hybrid electric vehicle transition: An operational carbon perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessing the emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) operations is crucial for accelerating the carbon–neutral transition in the passenger car sector. This study is the first to adopt a bottom-up model to measure the real-world energy use and carbon dioxide emissions of China’s top twenty selling PHEV models across different regions from 2020 to 2022. The results indicate that (1) the actual electricity intensity of the best-selling PHEV models (20.2–38.2 kWh/100 km) was 30–40 % higher than the New European Driving Cycle values, and the actual gasoline intensity (4.7–23.5 L/100 km) was 3–6 times greater than the New European Driving Cycle values. (2) The overall energy use of the best-selling models varied among different regions, and the energy use from 2020 to 2022 in Southern China was double that Northern China and the Yangtze River Middle Reach. (3) The top-selling models emitted 4.7 megatons of carbon dioxide nationwide from 2020 to 2022, with 1.9 megatons released by electricity consumption and 2.8 megatons released by gasoline combustion. Furthermore, targeted policy implications for expediting the carbon–neutral transition within the passenger car sector are proposed. In essence, this study explores and compares benchmark data at both the national and regional levels, along with performance metrics associated with PHEV operations. The main objective is to aid nationwide decarbonization efforts, focusing on carbon reduction and promoting the rapid transition of road transportation toward a net-zero carbon future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019689042400952X/pdfft?md5=bc373c9d603de08ae41e15d9afdf7560&pid=1-s2.0-S019689042400952X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive energy management strategy for FCHEV based on improved proximal policy optimization in deep reinforcement learning algorithm","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to reduce hydrogen consumption, relieve degradation of fuel cells, and improve the operational efficiency of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles, an energy management strategy is proposed. This strategy is based on an improved proximal policy optimization (PPO) deep reinforcement learning algorithm. A hierarchical optimal control strategy with adaptive driving pattern is constructed by using clipping strategy instead of divergence penalty. This strategy can reduce the number of iterations of the algorithm. To improve the accuracy of driving pattern identification, in the identification layer, a multilayer perceptron neural network model is used for offline training of driving pattern recognition. Online driving pattern recognition is carried out using a sliding recognition window method. At the policy layer, in order to improve system response speed and reduce the impact of peak power on the fuel cell, dynamic programming is used for offline optimization of lithium battery state of charge values under different driving patterns. Then, based on the optimized objective of equivalent hydrogen consumption normalized by actual hydrogen consumption and fuel cell degradation, the lithium battery is charged and discharged online according to the corresponding optimal state-of-charge (SoC) value for each driving pattern. The experimental results show that the accuracy of driving pattern recognition can reach 90.75%, and the economic performance has improved by 3.11%. Therefore, this study can effectively balance hydrogen consumption and fuel cell degradation to achieve hydrogen conservation and delay in fuel cell lifespan degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a magnesium-based hydrogen storage reactor: From material synthesis to reactor optimization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid alloys hydrogen storage is one of the most promising large-scale hydrogen storage technologies. However, the uneven internal heat distribution greatly affects its hydrogen storage efficiency. This paper starts from the synthesis of Mg-Ni-La-xMn (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 wt%) hydrogen storage alloys. Models of the hydrogen storage reactor are established and validated by experimental results. Three hydrogen reactor types, namely the single-tube reactor (SITR), the return-tube reactor (RETR) and the spiral-tube reactor (SPTR), are designed and compared from hydrogen absorption and desorption rates and temperature filed uniformity. Structural and operation parameters are further optimized. It is found that main components of the Mg-Ni-La-xMn alloys are Mg, Mg₂Ni, LaNi₅, LaMg₁₂ and MgNi_0.8Mn_0.2. Introducing Mn content can not only increase the maximum hydrogen absorption, but also accelerate the hydrogen absorption rates. The Mg-Ni-La-2Mn alloy has the best hydrogen absorption and desorption performance. Hydrogen storage reactor performance comparison with Mg-Ni-La-2Mn alloy shows the SITR can hardly reach saturation absorption, whose hydrogen absorption is only 3.1 wt%. The maximum temperature of the SPTR is 27 K higher than that of the RETR during hydrogen absorption. The optimal tube diameter and spacing of the RETR are 6 mm and 8 mm, respectively. The practical hydrogen absorption capacity of Mg-Ni-La-2Mn alloy in the RETR reaches 6.2 wt%. The optimal hydrogen supply pressure in the RETR is 0.8 MPa during hydrogen absorption. The optimal thermal oil velocities in the RETR are 2 m/s and 1 m/s for hydrogen absorption and desorption respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}