Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Multi-dimensional inequality and energy-carbon technology-related driver of China’s CO2 emission","authors":"Chong Xu ,&nbsp;Shuyang Deng ,&nbsp;Yujing Gan ,&nbsp;Xiangyi Chen ,&nbsp;Jiafu An ,&nbsp;Jiandong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the largest emitter of CO₂, China’s decarbonization efforts have garnered increasing global attention. This study aims to investigate the drivers of carbon inequality that refers to which usually refers to CO₂ emissions between regions or groups across different energy sources and economic sectors, as well as the heterogeneous drivers of energy-carbon technology (e.g., technological changes in energy use and CO₂ emissions). Despite limited attention to these issues, they are crucial for developing effective emission reduction policies for sustainable development. Utilizing the Gini coefficient and production-theoretical decomposition models, we analyze the latest carbon emission inventory of China over 1997–2021, focusing on 17 energy sources and 46 economic sectors. The findings indicate that traditional fossil fuels, such as raw coal, coke, gasoline, and diesel, continue to be the primary contributors to carbon inequality. Production and supply of electric power, steam, and hot water sectors emerge as the largest drivers of carbon inequality among all sectors. Additionally, the potential for energy intensity to reduce emissions has grown increasingly significant, whereas other factors related to efficiency and technology in energy use and CO₂ emissions have shown variability over time. This study underscores the importance of developing differentiated emission reduction policies tailored to specific energy sources and economic sectors in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119228"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy development and management in the Middle East: A holistic analysis","authors":"Simin Tazikeh ,&nbsp;Omid Mohammadzadeh ,&nbsp;Sohrab Zendehboudi ,&nbsp;Noori M. Cata Saady ,&nbsp;Talib M. Albayati ,&nbsp;Ioannis Chatzis","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Middle East (ME) has undergone substantial changes in the energy landscape in recent years due to considerable variations in energy demand trends, economic/political upheaval, and climate change. The ME energy heavily relies on limited fossil fuel resources, which cause adverse climate change. Considering its geographical location, this region has huge potential for developing clean and sustainable energy resources, which will simultaneously satisfy its increasing energy demand and address climate change concerns. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of non-renewable and renewable energy resources and their current status and future prospects in the ME. Moreover, it discusses in detail the energy utilization, management, and challenges associated with their development in the ME. Further, it examines the adverse effects of energy development on environment and health. The cost of energy development and current market status in the ME are also precisely analyzed. In particular, this review paper systematically assesses the energy policies and frameworks in the ME with consideration of political relations and governmental regulations. The outcomes of this study confirm that energy transition to renewable resources in the ME requires investment, research, and precise frameworks and policies. Therefore, the ME still has to go a long way to reliably count on renewable energy as the main energy source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119124"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model benchmarking for PEM Water Electrolyzer for energy management purposes","authors":"Ashkan Makhsoos ,&nbsp;Mohsen Kandidayeni ,&nbsp;Meziane Ait Ziane ,&nbsp;Loïc Boulon ,&nbsp;Bruno G. Pollet","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research conducts a comprehensive evaluation of various Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (PEMWE) models through a test bench, optimizing parameters and comparing obtained models against real-world data. Key operational factors such as reversible potential, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and concentration overpotential are examined through experimental data. This study addresses critical gaps in current PEMWE research by reviewing modelling approaches, introducing a novel classification of models, and proposing an integrated approach that combines experimental validation with comprehensive model analysis. A novel, systematic methodology for model and submodel selection is presented, enabling practitioners to identify models that balance computational efficiency and predictive accuracy tailored to specific energy management and power allocation needs. This approach bridges the gap between complex modelling and industrial applications, enhancing the practical implementation of PEMWE systems in sustainable hydrogen production. Enhances model reliability for operational and manufacturing differences, provides invaluable guidance for improving the design and operation of these systems, and promotes a more robust and efficient hydrogen energy infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119203"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using Huber loss statistical function","authors":"Bahaa Saad ,&nbsp;Ragab A. El-Sehiemy ,&nbsp;Hany M. Hasanien ,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. El-Dabah","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A key area of research in a promising renewable energy technology called Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) focuses on identifying parameters not provided by manufacturers’ datasheets and developing highly accurate models for PEMFC voltage-current characteristics. In this regard, a precise model is crucial for designing effective PEMFC systems. This study aims to discover the seven unknown parameters of the steady-state model for PEMFCs using a recent optimization algorithm called Educational Competition Optimizer (ECO). The ECO is used to reduce the effects of local optimal stagnation and early convergence, commonly observed in literature approaches. The goal is to improve model parameter correctness by reducing errors between experimental and predicted polarization curves. A robust regression fitness function known as Huber loss is used to decrease inaccuracies between experimentally measured voltages and their corresponding calculated values. The present research examines three test cases of well-known commercial PEMFC units as benchmarks under various steady-state operation situations. The simulation results show that the suggested model is significantly more accurate than the best alternative technique and achieves high closeness to the experimental records. The article compares the ECO against current optimizers in the literature to assess its feasibility. Based on the findings of this study, the prospective Huber loss function increases the optimizer’s resilience and robustness compared to steady-state error.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119231"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of multi-energy complementary systems integrated biomass-solar-wind energy utilization in rural areas","authors":"Min Chen ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Wei ,&nbsp;Xianting Yang ,&nbsp;Qiang Fu ,&nbsp;Qingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Sijia Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rural areas possess abundant renewable energy sources, such as solar and biomass energy; however, the current methods of energy utilization suffer from low efficiency and serious pollution issues. As rural residents’ living standards continue to improve, there is an urgent need to optimize and adjust the structure of rural energy systems. Multi-energy complementary systems (MECS) have the potential to enhance energy utilization efficiency, achieve high efficiency and energy savings, significantly reduce carbon emissions, and effectively address the challenges faced by rural energy development. This study explores a typical framework for rural MECS that integrates photovoltaic, wind turbine, and biomass biogas combined cooling, heating, and power technology while considering the partial load ratio of equipment components and coupling characteristics between different energy sources. Based on various scenarios of valley electricity utilization, multi-objective optimization models are established to determine the capacity of MECS with economy, environment, and primary energy saving rate as objective functions. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) along with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution decision-making method is adopted to obtain optimal solutions from the Pareto solution set. The case study conducted in a rural area of central China has demonstrated the effective enhancement of coupling capacity in MECS through battery storage. By actively storing energy during off-peak electricity periods, battery storage strengthens the complementary capabilities of photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, and itself. This approach allows for a reduction in planned capacity for photovoltaic and wind power systems within MECS while increasing the planned capacity for internal combustion engines, resulting in respective decreases in system investment costs by 16.19% and 13.18%. Furthermore, incorporating more biogas-fired cogeneration during off-peak electricity periods improves the system’s performance economically, environmentally, and with regards to primary energy saving rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119241"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance of concentrically arranged two interconnected single-loop pulsating heat pipes","authors":"Est Dev Patel,&nbsp;Anoop Kumar Shukla,&nbsp;Subrata Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) have garnered significant attention due to their complex thermo-hydrodynamic behavior and their broad applicability in heat transfer. This study focuses on enhancing the two-phase flow startup characteristics of PHPs under concentrated heat loads. A novel concentric-loop PHP configuration was investigated, consisting of two single-turn loops arranged concentrically. The heat pipe has an interconnection between the loops, with the heater positioned on the opposite side to utilize both heating and flow-path asymmetry. The performance was evaluated using pure water as the working fluid, with varying filling ratios, heat loads, and inclination angles. The setup was fabricated with the pure copper capillary tube loops with bend radii of 10 mm and 16 mm, an adiabatic section length of 165 mm, and a condenser section length of 40 mm. The condenser was cooled using a fluid at 20 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> with a flow rate of 20 kg/h. Thermal performance was assessed through measured temperature and thermal resistance under transient conditions. The results showed successful startup at a minimal heat load of 5 W, with the evaporator reaching a lower temperature of 40 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>, leading to a rapid temperature drop and early establishment of a pseudo-steady state. The evaporator was capable of handling a heat flux of up to 22.5 W/cm² in vertical bottom heat mode with a 70% filling ratio. These findings suggest that this new PHP configuration is highly effective for versatile heat transfer applications, including thermal energy storage, power electronics, and electronic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119205"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak-shaving investigation of a novel flexible two-stage heat pump for heating","authors":"Narges H. Mokarram ,&nbsp;Yiji Lu ,&nbsp;Zhibin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since buildings account for a large portion of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, several nations are expecting to install net-zero emission buildings. The governors<!--> <!-->have set a carbon–neutral objective for 2050, which requires that all new construction have net-zero emissions. As heat pumps are considered a substitution for gas boilers, in this study, a thermal energy storage system is introduced to a two-stage heat pump system in a novel configuration. The novel flexible two-stage heat pump has been studied and compared with a baseline two-stage heat pump, as well as the same flexible and baseline single-stage heat pump, in the same working conditions. A control strategy has been defined based on the heating duty, hour of the day, and storage tank status to run the system in different modes: 1- Normal operation, 2- Charging, 3- discharging, and 4- stand by modes. The weather data of Glasgow and Birmingham cities, UK have been used to acquire the variable hourly heating loads of a typical 4-story residential block via IESVE software. Also, to study the effect of heating load profile shape, a sinusoidal daily heating load profile has been created with the same maximum duty of variable load from IESVE. The results show that a flexible two-stage system shows 1.67%, and 5.31% higher seasonal COP (seasonal coefficient of performance) with real variable loads, and sinusoidal loads, respectively. While the maximum 2.1% cut price has been shown with sinusoidal loads, the price cut for the real variable loads is less than that.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119236"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the moderate interaction between the metal and support and reinforcing of Ni/SiO2-based catalysts efficiency with the manganese integration in thermal catalytic methane decomposition","authors":"Mina Karaminejad ,&nbsp;Reza Golhosseini ,&nbsp;Fereshteh Meshkani ,&nbsp;Patrick Da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing an environmentally friendly and highly efficient catalyst is crucial for generating clean hydrogen without CO_x and structured carbon. The catalytic decomposition of methane encourages technology to convert natural gas into these valuable products. For this purpose, surface defects in activating CH₄ have garnered much interest in developing silica-supported nickel catalysts by maintaining active sites and modulating metal-support interaction (MSI). Thus, It is shown here that the presence of Mn improved the reducibility of superficial NiO and created a moderate interaction between Ni and the support, decreasing the electron density around the Ni atom and elevating surface oxygen species’ presence by introducing lattice defects, thus facilitating the reduction, promoting the dissociation of methane on the nickel surface and enhancing the reactivity of the reaction Consequently, this MSI modulate stabilized the active sites, preventing quick sintering under reaction conditions. Based on TEM analysis, the surface morphology revealed well-dispersed metallic Ni and the restriction of Ni crystal growth. The strong metal-support interaction resulted in a high carbon diffusion driving force, providing more sites for growth in carbon nanofiber (CNFs). Maintaining the balance between the infiltration of dissolved carbon and the expansion of CNFs while also preventing the deactivation of the catalyst due to the covering of active sites by channeling carbon deposits towards the edges of the active sites and oxidation of coke produced by active oxygen species, all showed the effective presence of manganese in the catalyst’s configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119229"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of large-scale (1GW) off-grid agrivoltaic solar farm for hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicle (HFCEV) charging station","authors":"Jack Baker,&nbsp;Mustafa Guler,&nbsp;Acquilin Medonna,&nbsp;Ziliang Li,&nbsp;Aritra Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tendency towards solar energy is increasing daily due to the high increase in net energy demand and recent efforts to reduce high carbon emissions. This causes invasions of agricultural lands and forest areas. Photovoltaic (PV) systems combined with agricultural production (agrivoltaics) are being developed as a potential solution.</div><div>In addition to creating extra areas for solar energy, agrivoltaic systems can increase land equivalent ratios. This leads to higher efficiency land use and additional income for farmers and entrepreneurs. Therefore, agrivoltaic systems have the potential to make the food and energy supply chain sustainable. Although both systems have many advantages, few projects have been done to use the land under ground-mounted PV systems. In addition, thanks to the development of Hydrogen-Powered Vehicle (HPV) technologies, studies to meet the need for Hydrogen from these combined systems will significantly impact the development of such projects in the future.</div><div>As a result, this project designed and simulated a 1GW off-grid combined crop (tomatoes) and solar farm (agrivoltaic farm) for Australia, California, China, Nigeria and Spain. The hydrogen generation potential was found and compared with five different refuelling patterns for HPV. Furthermore, five levels of hydrogen storage were investigated to find optimal site configurations for each location. Following this, thorough financial analyses were completed for each of the 125 unique site configurations. This analysis found that the Nigerian site location had the highest number of HPV refuelling at 3.75 million per year, assuming 8 kg of hydrogen is required per refuelling. The Spanish site location had the least, at 3.11 million per year. The optimal level of hydrogen storage, with regard to financial viability, was when the number of cars refuelled was 90 % of the maximum refuelling potential of the site configuration. The levelised cost of hydrogen ranged from £3.06/kg (Nigeria) to £6.38 (Spain), consistent with IEA estimates for low-carbon green hydrogen. The financial analyses also demonstrated the necessity of both hydrogen and crop incomes to be financially sound for the overall project to be financially viable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119184"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green ammonia and solar-driven multi-generation system: Thermo-economic model and optimization considering molten salt thermal energy storage, fuel cell vehicles, and power-to-gas","authors":"Mohammad Karrabi ,&nbsp;Farkhondeh Jabari ,&nbsp;Asghar Akbari Foroud","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an ammonia-fueled combined heat and power generation system is modeled and analyzed from thermodynamic and economic points of view for application in large industrial sectors. Moreover, solar parabolic trough collectors and molten salt thermal energy storage are used to preheat water entering a bottoming steam-driven power generation cycle. An electrolizer is installed to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen for charging a hydrogen storage tank, procuring hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles, and producing methane by combining hydrogen and captured carbo dioxide. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem is solved to supply the natural gas, heat and electrical demands of a steel industry while minimizing the cost of the electrical power purchased from the local distribution grid during two extremely-hot summer days. It is found that ammonia-solar fueled poly-generation system is not only applicable for industrial sectors with maximum 10 MW electricity, 14 MW heat, and 11 MW natural gas demands under at least 52 % energy efficiency, but also supplies hydrogen for transportation electrification using fuel cell vehicles. The total cost of the electrical power purchased from the upstream distribution company during 48-h study horizon is obtained as 300 $, which proves the economic feasibility of the proposed gas-energy nexus model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119226"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}