Energy最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid renewable energy systems design and techno-economic analysis for isolated rural microgrid using HOMER","authors":"Subhash Yadav ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable supply of electricity in isolated rural areas is challenging due to the uneconomical accessibility of the national grid. The issue can be resolved with an isolated microgrid. This study presents an optimal design and techno-economic analysis of an isolated microgrid based on hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) for meeting the electricity demand of a rural area, 'Kanur,' Maharashtra, India. The proposed microgrid integrates the wind turbine (WT), solar photovoltaic (PV), biogas generator (BG), and battery energy storage system (BES). The HOMER software minimizes the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) to offer a reasonable cost-optimal design at desired system reliability. At 0.0 % capacity shortage, the optimal sizing of PV, WT, BG, and BES units are 113 kW, 22 kW, 17 kW, and 362, respectively. At capacity shortages of 0.0 % and 2.5 %, the optimal WT/PV/BG/BES configuration achieves an NPC of $529,459 and $399,680 with COE of 0.146$/kWh and 0.112$/kWh, respectively. Excess energy generation is 23 % and 13.9 % of total annual generation, respectively. The proposed HRES is 71.2 % more cost-effective than diesel generator (DG) supply. The sensitivity analysis highlights the impact of system parameter variations on component sizing, NPC, and COE, aiding in the most cost-effective design selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 136442"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive impact of Lewis/Brönsted acid sites and bed geometry on glucose dehydration","authors":"Xinyi Zhou,&nbsp;Xiangqian Wei,&nbsp;Haoyang Wei,&nbsp;Gehao Chen,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Lungang Chen,&nbsp;Jianguo Liu,&nbsp;Xinghua Zhang,&nbsp;Longlong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acidic catalysts with multiple active centers have attracted considerable interest in bioenergy engineering due to their superior catalytic performance enabled by synergistic effects between different active species. The conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using bifunctional catalysts combining Lewis acid (L acid) and Brönsted acid (B acid) represents a crucial pathway for biofuel production. However, the reaction performance depends on the matching relationships between acid ratio, reaction steps, and transport processes. Here, this dependency was systematically investigated using a mesoscale numerical model based on the lattice Boltzmann method (validated against experimental results) coupled with an acidic sites tunable catalyst model. An empirical relationship between reaction performance and acid ratio was established through regulation of L/B acid distribution in porous catalyst models, revealing an optimal L/B acid ratio of 0.6. By elucidating process coupling mechanisms affecting overall reaction rate under different porosity and bed height conditions, the distinct reactive transport characteristics in different bed regions were identified. Accordingly, an integrated optimization strategy combining acid ratio and bed geometric properties was proposed. The findings emphasize the critical importance of matching catalyst (bed) acid properties, geometry and reactive-transport processes for enhancing overall performance in biomass conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136493"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar harvesting maximisation in spectral-splitting photovoltaic-thermal systems via integrated radiative cooling","authors":"Jiangfeng Guo ,&nbsp;Gan Huang ,&nbsp;Christos N. Markides","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mismatch between the energy distribution of the solar spectrum and the spectral response of photovoltaic (PV) cells, along with the elevated operating temperature of the cells, especially in optically concentrating systems, can result in a significant loss of electrical performance and acceleration of ageing. Reducing PV cell temperature and improving spectrum utilisation are two key approaches to improve PV efficiency. As a zero-emission passive cooling technology, radiative cooling (RC) developed recently has promising potential for solar cells. How to integrate RC to make full use of the solar spectrum under highly concentrated conditions, and the quantitative relationship between concentration area and RC area, are still unclear so far. In this study, a spectral-splitting multi-cell photovoltaic-thermal system is integrated with RC technology to maximise solar spectrum utilisation, specifically exploring the relations between concentration and RC to achieve maximum utilisation efficiency. There exists an optimal concentrating ratio that maximises PV efficiency for a given RC area, and the optimal concentrating ratio increases as the RC area and solar cell's bandgap energy increases. In a multi-cell system, the coordinated distribution of RC area among cells can improve the overall efficiency relative to the uniform distribution of RC area. An increasing number of cells can effectively improve efficiency while reducing the required RC area allocated to each cell, providing a more feasible approach for RC application under highly concentrated conditions. The efficiency of this system with a low concentration ratio can achieve the theoretical maximum efficiency of a conventional PV system with a high concentration ratio. The efficiency limit of the proposed solar system can reach 73%, demonstrating the significant potential of the proposed concept in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136455"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel gas turbine combined cycle inlet air cooling systems integrating proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, LiBr absorption chiller, and solar energy","authors":"Zhidong Chen,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhan,&nbsp;Lei Chen,&nbsp;Weijia Wang,&nbsp;Yanqiang Kong,&nbsp;Lijun Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoze Du,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The power output of gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) is constrained in hot regions due to reduced compressor inlet air flow rate. In this paper, two schemes are proposed to enhance the GTCC power output by compressor inlet air cooling. In scheme 1, during nighttime, electricity from power grid is used to drive proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for producing hydrogen and hot water; during daytime, hot water is used to drive LiBr absorption chiller for compressor inlet air cooling, hydrogen is co-combusted with natural gas. In scheme 2, solar energy is further utilized to aid the absorption chiller for generating more cold energy. The proposed schemes are subject to techno-economic analysis through a case study. The results indicate, compared with the reference GTCC, the annual net power output is enhanced by 38.05 and 59.90 GWh in schemes 1 and 2. The economic analysis suggests scheme 2 outperforms scheme 1: for schemes 1 and 2, the dynamic payback periods are 10.61 and 5.62 years, with the corresponding net present value increments being 12.74 and 38.05 million USD, the levelized cost of electricity of the augmented power are 0.16 and 0.12 USD/kWh, and the levelized cost of hydrogen is 3.98 USD/(kg H₂).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136437"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can new quality productivity decrease carbon emission intensity? Evidence from 30 provincial regions in China","authors":"Haoran Zhao ,&nbsp;Chuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Zhuowen Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunhua Jin ,&nbsp;Sen Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation first analyzed the connotation of new quality productivity, and then establish the comprehensive evaluation index system from new quality talent resources, new quality science and technology, new forms of quality industries, and new quality production method dimensions to measure the development level of new quality productivity of 30 provincial level regions in China. Based on the quantified new quality productivity development index obtained by anti-entropy method and MARCOS model, inter-provincial panel data from 2012 to 2022 are applied to empirically examine the impact of new quality productivity on carbon emission intensity. Results illustrate that the development of new quality productivity has significantly reduced regional carbon emission intensity. For control variables, the impact of government management and per capita GDP on carbon emission intensity is significantly negative. While the impact of trade openness and urbanization rate on carbon emission intensity is significantly positive. Furthermore, among the four dimensions for evaluating new quality productivity, the greatest negative force on carbon intensity comes from new quality production method, followed by new quality science and technology and new forms of quality industries. Additionally, mediating effect analysis implied that the development of new quality productivity can reduce carbon emission intensity by enhancing total factor productivity, improving energy consumption structure, and promoting rationalization of industrial structure. And industrial agglomeration has a non-linear moderating effect on the relationship between new quality productivity and carbon emissions. Therefore, regional governments should increase investment in areas related to new quality productivity, promote the high-level and rational development of industrial structure, and prompt the intelligent and digital.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 136487"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of papermaking biomass co-firing on operation energy efficiency and gas emission stability of a coal-fired thermal power plant: A case study","authors":"Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanfang Zhao ,&nbsp;Shenda Huang ,&nbsp;Yiying Jin ,&nbsp;Meizhen Wang ,&nbsp;Huajun Feng ,&nbsp;Jun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass co-firing is an effective strategy for improving the energy structure of coal-fired power plants and coping with the pressure of carbon reduction. To ensure that the main energy supply function of the power plant is unaffected, the actual operating energy efficiency and gas emission stability after biomass co-firing need to be evaluated. Therefore, the energy efficiency and gas emission stability of an operating coal-fired power plant after co-firing with papermaking biomass (sludge, biogas, and wood chips) were analyzed. The results showed that the biomass blending ratio of 14.09 % could meet the plant energy demand and increase the annual and comprehensive thermal efficiency by 12.38 % and 9.45 %, respectively. However, the energy efficiency and gas emissions of different co-firing processes were different. When sludge, biogas, and wood chips were co-fired, the energy efficiency and gas emission reduction effect were optimal, the average monthly comprehensive thermal efficiency was increased by 8 %, and the emission intensity of CO₂, SO₂, NO_X and PMs was reduced by 32.24 %, 57.14 %, 33.33 % and 41.33 %, respectively. In addition, the stability grade evaluation showed that after the low-carbon transition, the energy efficiency stability was improved by 1 grade, and the emission reduction stability of CO₂, SO₂, NO_X, and PMs was improved by 1–3 grades. The research results provide an important reference for the clean and low-carbon operation transformation of actual coal-fired power plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 136484"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of dynamic compressed CO2 energy storage system: The role of supercritical fluid properties","authors":"Yuandong Guo ,&nbsp;Jinliang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiongjiang Yu ,&nbsp;Enhui Sun ,&nbsp;Jian Xie ,&nbsp;Guanglin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for efficient energy storage has spurred the development of technologies like liquefied CO₂ energy storage systems, which reduce pressure fluctuations by storing CO₂ as a liquid. Traditionally, the storage temperature of CO₂ is the saturation liquid temperature because evaporation compensation helps maintain stable pressure during gas release. However, the liquefied CO₂ energy storage system suffers low round-trip efficiency due to low temperature for liquefaction. Here, we propose a compressed CO₂ energy storage (CCES) system using the properties of supercritical fluids to extend the discharging time. The core optimization strategy involves storing sCO₂ near the pseudo-critical temperature during the charging process, which facilitates more efficient expansion of sCO₂ during the discharging process, thereby extending the discharging time. Then, a dynamic CCES system incorporating three-stage compression and three-stage expansion are proposed. With the compression power consumption of 100 MW, the high-pressure tank is set to be 14.00 MPa and 7.50 MPa before and after discharging. Based on the discharging optimization method, the round-trip efficiency improves from 66.50 % to 69.32 %, and the discharging time extends from 0.96 h to 3 h. Our work fills the gap in the selection criteria for storage parameters of CCES system, and significantly improving the performance of CCES system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136417"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of photovoltaic facades in prefabricated academic buildings using transfer learning and genetic algorithms","authors":"Zhengshu Chen ,&nbsp;Yanqiu Cui ,&nbsp;Hongbin Cai ,&nbsp;Haichao Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiao Ning ,&nbsp;Xin Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) facades design in academic buildings requires balancing carbon emissions, daylighting, and thermal comfort. Traditional methods often enhance indoor comfort at the expense of higher carbon emissions. Thus, this study, leveraging transfer learning and genetic algorithms, integrates building simulation, performance prediction, optimization, and CFD analysis into a multi-objective optimization workflow. Targeting net-zero carbon emissions while maintaining indoor comfort, it optimizes classroom form, enclosure performance, fenestration, and PV shading devices. The results demonstrate that: (1) carbon emissions decrease by 27.88 kgCO₂/m², daylighting improves by 1.06 %, with thermal stability; (2) PV shading devices tilt angles, window-to-wall ratios, and classroom height significantly influence building performance; (3) the integration of LGBM, CNN, and NSGA-III effectively improves the efficiency of performance predictions and optimization; (4) recommended PV panel tilt angles (0–10°) and cavity depths (60 or 150 mm) effectively reduce facade surface temperatures and improve PV module efficiency. The findings provide a scientific basis for the extensive application of PV systems on prefabricated academic building facades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136470"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-scale experimental study of the surface cooling effect of prefabricated buildings utilizing passive radiative cooling under real operating conditions","authors":"Shuoyan Wang ,&nbsp;Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Jia Pang ,&nbsp;Liping Yang ,&nbsp;Mei Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive radiative cooling technology, with its low application cost and significant energy-saving potential, is a crucial means to address the explosive growth in demand for building cooling associated with rapid urbanization in developing countries. However, previous studies of this technology focused mainly on small-scale single-factor experiments or industrial buildings, neglecting the internal thermal dynamics, with its application in actual residential buildings, especially prefabricated buildings, remains limited. Therefore, in the present study, we have first achieved the integration of passive radiative cooling technology with prefabricated full-scale buildings to evaluate the cooling performance of the outer surface under various outdoor environments, indoor operating conditions (natural/air conditioned), and radiative coatings. The results showed that cooling was enhanced in the experimental buildings during the daytime compared with the nighttime, where air conditioning was more effective than natural conditions, and roofs outperformed facades. Uniquely shaped areas with white putty and radiative coatings obtained 71.91 % and 17.82 % higher daily temperature differences, respectively, compared with normal areas. We discovered, contrary to established findings, a novel relationship between the cooling effect on the outer surface of buildings and solar radiation. Furthermore, the correlations between complex indoor-outdoor factors and the cooling effect were analyzed. The roof cooling correlated strongly with the coating's radiative properties (r = 0.44) and negatively with indoor wind speed (r = −0.25), whereas facades had the inverse relationships (r = −0.16 and r = 0.12, respectively). Two theoretical equations were derived to calculate daily average cooling temperatures based on correlation analysis. This work can contribute significant theoretical foundations and experimental data to the advancement of passive radiative cooling residential buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136472"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible peak shaving in coal-fired power plants: A comprehensive review of current challenges, recent advances, and future perspectives","authors":"Chunlei Wu ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Zongyu Hou ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grid stability amidst the global energy transition and the pursuit of carbon neutrality is critically dependent on enhancing the flexible peak-shaving capability of Coal-Fired Power Plants (CFPPs). This review highlights recent advances in improving CFPP flexibility and identifies key challenges, including equipment limitations, inadequate control adaptability, and escalating environmental and economic pressures. These factors contribute to operational instability, reduced efficiency, and increased emissions during rapid and deep load fluctuations. Hybrid modeling approaches, achieving high prediction accuracy across full operational processes and broad load ranges with an average error of 0.79 %, support precise peak shaving optimization. Technologies such as low-load stable combustion, heat-power decoupling, and energy storage integration have facilitated minimum loads of approximately 15 %, while advanced intelligent control systems, in coordination with energy storage, significantly accelerate response times, enabling rapid responses within seconds to minutes. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in system coordination, equipment dynamics, and investment feasibility. Future efforts should focus on the development of digital twin frameworks, multi-scale optimization techniques, and integrated techno-economic strategies to propel CFPPs toward cleaner, smarter, and more resilient operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 136446"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}