IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135803

Xiaoxia Yang , Dian Zhong , Kuo Zeng, Jun Li, Xin Chen, Haiping Yang, Hanping Chen

{"title":"Performance analysis of a novel biomass thermochemical conversion cascade utilization system driven by concentrated solar energy","authors":"Xiaoxia Yang , Dian Zhong , Kuo Zeng, Jun Li, Xin Chen, Haiping Yang, Hanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of complementary energy sources is an effective approach to addressing the existing technological constraints associated with renewable energy. A novel system is proposed that hybrid several thermochemical process. The temperature of the heat transfer fluid is matched to the thermochemical reaction conditions to make cascade use of energy. The system can generate 60 MW of electricity, and the bio-oil output reaches 7500 kg/h and the bio-char output reaches 2500 kg/h during the time period of better radiation conditions. Thermodynamic assessments indicate that the proposed novel system exhibits higher energy efficiency as 42.01 %, which is about 5 %–12 % higher than solar driven biomass gasification system. And the exergy efficiency of the novel system is 35.61 %, which is about 4 %–11 % higher than solar driven biomass gasification system. Additionally, the system exhibits good economic performance and superior environmental performance with a dynamic payback period of 7.8 years. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the operation and maintenance process is 77.30 %, which accounts for the largest share of the overall emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135803"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal control of HVAC systems through active disturbance rejection control-assisted reinforcement learning 通过主动干扰抑制控制辅助强化学习优化暖通空调系统控制

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135824

Can Cui, Jiahui Xue, Lanjun Liu

{"title":"Optimal control of HVAC systems through active disturbance rejection control-assisted reinforcement learning","authors":"Can Cui, Jiahui Xue, Lanjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal control of multi-zone HVAC systems may suffer from noise and disturbances that affect control accuracy and performance, and faces computational challenges caused by multiple control variables. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel method that incorporates reinforcement learning and active disturbance rejection control through a main-auxiliary controller configuration. A main controller is designed based on twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient, which is responsible for controlling zone supply airflows. An auxiliary controller is configured based on active disturbance rejection control, which regulates the fresh air ratio and meanwhile handling the disturbances and uncertainties. The two controllers work in parallel with exchange information in real-time to optimize HVAC systems in dynamically uncertain environments. In the proposed method, the control variables are separated and handled by main and auxiliary controllers respectively, which reduces the action space of reinforcement learning algorithm and partly decouples the thermal loads and ventilation loads. An EnergyPlus-Python co-simulation platform has been developed using real-world data. Test results demonstrate that the proposed AD-RL method can enhance indoor comfort and IAQ. Furthermore, compared to the rule-based method and the classical TD3-based approach, it can reduce the daily HVAC energy consumption by up to 22.37 % and 13.53 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135824"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remaining useful life prediction for lithium-ion batteries in highway electromechanical equipment based on feature-encoded LSTM-CNN network

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135719

Xuejian Yao , Kaichun Su , Hongbin Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Haiyan Zhang , Jian Zhang

{"title":"Remaining useful life prediction for lithium-ion batteries in highway electromechanical equipment based on feature-encoded LSTM-CNN network","authors":"Xuejian Yao , Kaichun Su , Hongbin Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Haiyan Zhang , Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries are the preferred choice for primary or emergency power supply in highway electromechanical equipment at present. The safety and longevity of these systems are significantly dependent on the health of the lithium-ion batteries. Accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of lithium-ion batteries is essential for the reliable and continuous operation of highway electromechanical equipment. A RUL prediction method is proposed for lithium-ion batteries based on a feature-encoded LSTM-CNN network. Initially, statistical features are extracted by fitting a Gaussian mixture distribution to the probability density curve of the incremental capacity (IC) curve. Subsequently, physical features are derived from the battery discharge cycles. Statistical and physical features are then preprocessed, integrated and used in a feature-encoded LSTM-CNN network for RUL prediction. Testing on the NASA battery dataset demonstrated that this method reduces mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) by 31.0 %, 29.4 %, and 31.4 %, respectively, compared to traditional LSTM-based prediction models. The average error in RUL prediction is controlled within 1 cycle. Results validate that the proposed method has high precision and generalizability in predicting the RUL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135719"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing a novel city-wide useful energy demand model based on detailed energy conversion processes

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135833

Ke Sun , Kangkang Tong , Jinghang Xu , Yuli Shan

{"title":"Developing a novel city-wide useful energy demand model based on detailed energy conversion processes","authors":"Ke Sun , Kangkang Tong , Jinghang Xu , Yuli Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding urban energy demand at the final-to-useful conversion stage is critical for effective energy transition strategies, yet traditional urban energy demand models often overlook this aspect. This research addresses this gap by developing a novel, city-wide useful work model that integrates over 100 energy conversion processes across 48 end-use sectors, considering each city's economic structure, development level, and energy structure. This model is then applied to 63 cities across Jing-Jin-Ji, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations in China for the years 2010, 2015, and 2020. It finds significant inter-city variations in total and sectoral useful work due to differences in population size, economic output, and climate zones, with the industrial sector generally dominating. Notably, useful work intensity per unit of economic output in northern cities is higher than cities in other regions, due to economic structure and climate factors. Furthermore, it finds that city-wide useful work efficiency ranges from 17.2% to 47.4%, which, although higher than national average, still highlights substantial potential for improvement. This study also identifies a previously unobserved sub-linear relationship between city-wide useful work and economic output, specifically in 2015 and 2020, suggesting potentially weak decoupling between energy use and economic growth. This study advances urban energy demand modeling by integrating socioeconomic data with detailed energy conversion processes, offering critical insights for targeted energy conservation and management policies. This pioneering approach provides a comprehensive assessment of urban energy dynamics, moving beyond traditional energy carrier-focused analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135833"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of gradient metal foam on phase change heat storage process under constant rotation condition: A numerical study

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135839

Xinyu Huang , Zemin Liu , Liu Lu , Qihui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaohu Yang , Hailong Li

{"title":"Effect of gradient metal foam on phase change heat storage process under constant rotation condition: A numerical study","authors":"Xinyu Huang , Zemin Liu , Liu Lu , Qihui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaohu Yang , Hailong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issue of uneven phase transition and slow melting rates of phase change materials during heat storage, a combination of active rotation and gradient metal foam is proposed for enhanced heat transfer in active and passive composites. The phase change energy storage unit is divided into three different regions, which are modeled numerically based on the enthalpy hole method, and implemented in the commercial software Fluent 2023. A numerical model of the melting process of a horizontal energy storage unit with metal foam under constant rotation is established. The impact of positive, non-gradient, and negative gradient pore combinations on the unit's average temperature, liquid phase rate, thermal capacity, and rate of heat storage is analyzed. The response and interaction between gradient pore combinations and pore density on melting time and average heat storage rate are further investigated using the Taguchi design method. The findings reveal that, with constant pore density, the positive gradient porosity combination has a more significant influence on melting time compared to non-gradient and negative gradient pore structures. Specifically, the optimal melting time for Case 12 (porosity combination 0.97-0.98-0.99, 30 PPI) is 13.17 % and 45.95 % lower than that of non-gradient structure Case 13 and negative gradient structure Case 14, respectively. Furthermore, Case 12 exhibits an average heat storage rate increase of 15.72 % and 86.06 % compared to Case 13 and Case 14, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 135839"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat-mass transfer, reaction and sintering characteristics in energy carrier for calcium-looping thermochemical energy storage

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135801

Hongchuan Jiang, Xiang Li, Cai Liang

{"title":"Heat-mass transfer, reaction and sintering characteristics in energy carrier for calcium-looping thermochemical energy storage","authors":"Hongchuan Jiang, Xiang Li, Cai Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium looping-thermochemical energy storage driven by renewable energy is a promising technology for large-scale long-duration energy storage and industrial decarbonization. However, sintering significantly reduces the energy storage capacity and cycling stability of the energy carrier. In this study, a coupled heat-mass-reaction-sintering model is proposed to investigate the thermochemical behavior and energy storage performance at the particle scale. Extremely high temperature and long residence time are the primary factors aggravating sintering under photothermal. Despite high energy storage efficiency and mild conditions, the prolonged conversion time under electrothermal is not conducive to rapid response applications. For operating parameters at the reactor scale, increasing input power is essential for high reaction rate and energy storage efficiency. However, matching input power and residence time is necessary to mitigate sintering and reduce energy losses. Furthermore, increasing ambient gas velocity and pressure is beneficial for enhancing temperature uniformity at the cost of slowing conversion. For particle parameters, high absorptivity and initial porosity are crucial for high energy storage efficiency and fast conversion. Low porosity caused by sintering can cause CO<sub>2</sub> accumulation, further extending conversion time. Additionally, 0.15–0.25 mm radius range is suitable for rapid energy storage response, while 0.15–0.2 mm radius range is optimal for sintering resistance in long-term operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135801"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate shocks and corporate default risk: Evidence from China

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135786

Zongming Liu, Jingzhi Feng

{"title":"Climate shocks and corporate default risk: Evidence from China","authors":"Zongming Liu, Jingzhi Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgency of addressing climate change has heightened as a result of extreme weather events. Energy companies face physical and regulatory shocks, impacting their financial standing and debt default risk. This paper examines default risk formation mechanisms for listed energy firms under climate change shocks. Utilizing panel data from Chinese listed energy firms spanning the years 2011–2021, this study examines the impact of climate shocks on default risk. The findings indicate that intensified climate change significantly elevates default risk, revealing a nonlinear relationship influenced by the intensity of environmental regulation. This analysis underscores the importance of regulatory frameworks in moderating the effects of climate-related risks on corporate financial stability. Climate change raises financing costs and reduces operating profits, affecting default risk, particularly for firms in regions with high environmental concern. The implementation of the Paris climate agreement post-2015 has spurred stricter policies, magnifying the contributory effect of climate shocks on energy firms' default risk. This study underscores the criticality of integrating environmental considerations into financial risk assessments for energy companies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135786"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage in China's high-emission industries: Optimal deployment under carbon neutrality goals

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135774

Peng-Tao Wang , Yi-Xiang Zhang , Fei-Yin Wang , Mao Xu

{"title":"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage in China's high-emission industries: Optimal deployment under carbon neutrality goals","authors":"Peng-Tao Wang , Yi-Xiang Zhang , Fei-Yin Wang , Mao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), Iron & Steel Industry (ISI), and Cement Industry (CI), the three high-emission industries, account for about 70 % of China's total carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions, facing significant challenges in carbon reduction. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is the foundational technology in high-emission industries' achieving carbon neutrality. This paper first investigated 3137 CFPPs, 2025 cement plants, and 392 steel plants, assessed their suitability for CCUS retrofitting. Secondly, the Industry-CCUS model was constructed to identify CCUS deployment plans for high-emission industries under different scenarios. Finally, a comprehensive analysis and prioritized clusters for CCUS deployment in China's high-emission industries are provided. The result shows that when the carbon reduction demand for CCUS reaches 1.444 billion tons per year, requires 658 CFPPs, 101 steel plants, and 357 cement plants to be CCUS-deployed before 2045. Total investment of 31.247 billion USD, with the investment costs for the three high-emission industries being 19.686 billion, 7.187 billion, and 4.374 billion USD, respectively. It is necessary to establish two CCUS cluster areas nationwide, recommended to Jinan and Shenyang. The research provides data support for the optimized deployment of CCUS in high-emission industries, offers a theoretical basis for carbon reduction in China's high-emission industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135774"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation and failure analysis of Na3.5Fe2.5(PO4)1.5P2O7‖hard carbon sodium-ion batteries: Implications for large-capacity full-cell configurations

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135844

Jinhan Teng , Kaibo Zhang , Binghan Dai , Luyu Lei , Sicheng Liu , Tianming Lu , Junjie Huang , Fangmin Yang , Hao Li , Xin Tang , Jing Li

{"title":"Performance evaluation and failure analysis of Na3.5Fe2.5(PO4)1.5P2O7‖hard carbon sodium-ion batteries: Implications for large-capacity full-cell configurations","authors":"Jinhan Teng , Kaibo Zhang , Binghan Dai , Luyu Lei , Sicheng Liu , Tianming Lu , Junjie Huang , Fangmin Yang , Hao Li , Xin Tang , Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Na<sub>3</sub>.<sub>5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>.<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>1</sub>.<sub>5</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>‖hard carbon (NFPP‖HC) sodium-ion batteries, owing to their low cost, stability, and safety, show great promise for large-scale energy storage applications. However, most existing research has primarily focused on material optimization, often limited to half-cell systems, which restricts the applicability of the findings to full-cell configurations. This study, from the perspective of practical application in sodium-ion batteries, systematically evaluates the performance of large-capacity pouch cells using different commercial HC, with particular attention to the potential risks associated with using high-voltage platform HC in full-cell configurations. Comprehensive failure analysis reveals that HC with higher platform capacities typically exhibit poorer sodium-ion storage kinetics due to compression of interlayer channels, leading to fluctuations in the anode potential and promoting dendrite growth. This process is accompanied by complex interfacial reactions that significantly exacerbate sodium loss. Further visual reconstruction and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that wider interlayer spacing and higher defect concentrations play key roles in the \"insertion\" and \"filling\" processes of sodium ions. The study also proposes effective approaches for improving battery performance through optimized charging strategies, electrolyte adaptation, and electrode design. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights into the optimization of HC in sodium-ion batteries and offer important guidance for future industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135844"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No-tillage intercropping with a robotic mower: Advancing a high productivity, low-carbon and energy-efficient organic farming system

IF 9 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135851

Qiliang Huang , Kai Someya , Ratih Kemala Dewi , Masakazu Komatsuzaki

{"title":"No-tillage intercropping with a robotic mower: Advancing a high productivity, low-carbon and energy-efficient organic farming system","authors":"Qiliang Huang , Kai Someya , Ratih Kemala Dewi , Masakazu Komatsuzaki","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-powered farm machinery enhances sustainable agriculture by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Its integration into no-tillage (NT) systems may further enhance environmental benefits and organic farming viability. While intercropping improves productivity and resource efficiency, its sustainability when combined with NT and solar-powered machinery remains unclear. This study evaluates NT and intercropping with solar-powered machinery in organic cherry tomato production. A split-plot field experiment compared two tillage methods [NT and rotary tillage (RT)] and two cropping patterns [cherry tomato/peanut intercropping (TP) and monocropping (M)]. Solar-powered robotic mowers replaced conventional mowers in NT to enhance environmental benefits. Sustainability was assessed through crop productivity, energy efficiency, carbon footprint, and economic profitability. NT reduced fossil fuel and labor use, lowering energy input by 63.1 % compared to RT. NT-TP further improved yields, achieving 13.8 % higher total output than NT-M. Despite higher seed and labor inputs, NT-TP enhanced energy efficiency and profitability due to increased yield. It also improved carbon sequestration, raising soil organic carbon by 1.5 % and partially offsetting carbon emissions, leading to the lowest carbon footprint (816.9 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq ha<sup>−1</sup>). These findings demonstrate NT-TP's potential to enhance yield, energy efficiency, and profitability while reducing the carbon footprint, being a sustainable management for organic farming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 135851"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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