Energy最新文献

{"title":"Research on the evolution law and energy loss characteristics of rotating stall in a pump-turbine under pump mode","authors":"Ao Liang ,&nbsp;Yizhe Chang ,&nbsp;Wenwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Yao ,&nbsp;Baoshan Zhu ,&nbsp;Fujun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the dual background of global energy transformation and environmental protection, pumped storage is a key energy storage technology to maintain the reliable operation of power systems. As the core component of pumped storage power plants, the operation stability of pump-turbine is of great importance. However, frequent operating condition transitions can trigger rotating stall in pump-turbine under off-design conditions, which seriously affects the energy conversion efficiency and stable operation of the unit. In this study, the pump-turbine model of a certain power plant is taken as research object. A combination of experiment and unsteady simulation is used to thoroughly investigate the mechanism of rotating stall in pump-turbine under pump mode. The circumferential evolution law of rotating stall and the reasons for its disappearance are analyzed in detail. The associated energy conversion characteristics are also elucidated, including pressure fluctuations, turbulent kinetic energy, and entropy production rate. The results show that rotating stall mainly occurs in the guide vane. As the flow rate decreases, the location of rotating stall shifts towards the guide vane inlet and the number of stall cells generally shows a decreasing trend. The circumferential evolution of rotating stall is primarily due to the blockage of stalled channels, which induces flow deflection and alters the adverse pressure gradient within the channels. This drives the front end of stall vortices to move along the runner rotation direction into the next non-stalled channel, while the rear end of the stall vortices exits the stalled channel, resulting in the formation of rotating stall. Additionally, from the perspective of energy loss, the uneven flow state distribution at the runner outlet is an important reason for the disappearance of rotating stall under the valley condition Op3 in hump region. This study further expands the understanding of the mechanism of rotating stall in pump-turbines, and provides important bases for optimization design and operation control of pump-turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 136696"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu3(VO4)2 bimetallic catalyst collaboratively improves the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2","authors":"Chao Han ,&nbsp;Yang Qin ,&nbsp;Huafeng Fu ,&nbsp;Jia Hu ,&nbsp;Dingfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hansong Xue ,&nbsp;Yu'an Chen ,&nbsp;Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MgH₂ as a solid hydrogen storage substance has wide application prospects in future energy systems. This study investigates the role of Cu₃(VO₄)₂ as a bimetallic catalyst in enhancing the hydrogen storage performance of MgH₂. The Cu₃(VO₄)₂ was reduced to Mg₂Cu, MgCu₂ and VO active sites during hydrogen absorption and release by reaction induction, creating a richer catalytic environment for the system. These active sites play an important role in promoting hydrogen dissociation, binding and diffusion. In particular, the synergistic effect of V species (VO) and Cu species (Mg₂Cu, MgCu₂) in overcoming the paradoxical relationship between hydrogen dissociation and diffusion. As a result, the MgH₂-6wt.%Cu₃(VO₄)₂ composite is capable of liberating 4.3 wt% H₂ within 60 min at 200 °C and further releasing 5.3 wt% within 30 min at 220 °C, in addition to absorbing 4.44 wt% H₂ within 15 min at 100 °C. After 65 cycles, the hydrogen absorption and desorption amount of MgH₂-6wt.%Cu₃(VO₄)₂ composite are 5.67 wt% and 5.6 wt% respectively, with a reversible hydrogen storage capacity preserved at 94 %. This investigation reveals the cooperative catalytic effect of Cu/V bimetallic oxide catalyst on the kinetic attributes of Mg/MgH₂, and provides a possibility for developing practical magnesium hydrogen storage materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 136678"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling municipal solid waste: Scenario-based techno-economic evaluation and life cycle assessment","authors":"Min-Ju Park ,&nbsp;Sungil Yun ,&nbsp;Dae-Woon Jeong ,&nbsp;Wangyun Won","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive comparison of energy from waste (EfW) technologies is essential for guiding sustainable development. Our study examined eight EfW scenarios, including five gasification-based, one incineration-based, and two pyrolysis-based configurations, designed to produce syngas, electricity, hydrogen, methanol, and gasoline from municipal solid waste. We performed heat integration to minimize the utility demand for each scenario before conducting a techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA). Because of the heat integration, the heating requirements were completely offset in all scenarios, and the cooling requirements significantly dropped. As a result of TEA, the total costs of the gasification-based scenarios ranged between 111.2 and 164.7 MMUSD/year and the pyrolysis-based scenarios exhibited the highest costs with 176.7 and 182.8 MMUSD/year. Conversely, the incineration-based scenario presented the lowest cost at 82.0 MMUSD/year. The minimum selling prices (MSP) of syngas, hydrogen, and methanol produced by gasification were 0.26, 1.68, and 0.35 USD/kg, respectively. The MSPs of electricity from lowest to highest are as follows: incineration (₵7.81/kWh), gasification (₵9.41/kWh), and pyrolysis (₵14.5/kWh). However, the pyrolysis-based scenario had a lower gasoline MSP ($2.70/gal) than the gasification-based scenario ($3.05/gal), demonstrating price competitiveness considering the market range of $2.5–3.1/gal. In addition, in conjunction with LCA, sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impacts of economic parameters, technical parameters, plant capacity, and subsidies on the economics, offering valuable insights toward sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 136786"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery passport collaborative development strategy: A cooperative-stochastic evolutionary game analysis","authors":"Lu Zhu ,&nbsp;Juan He","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Battery Passport (BP) is a tool for managing the full life cycle trajectory data of batteries. The EU's battery regulation requires imported batteries to have a BP, otherwise they will be excluded from the European market. This paper address the challenges of inconsistent data standards, stakeholder uncertainty, and lack of available technologies in the development of BPs by constructing a cooperative and stochastic evolutionary game analysis framework, and exploring the mechanism and key driving factors of collaborative development among battery manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers, and technology companies. The study shows that improving the standardisation of data technology and reducing the intensity of stochastic interferences can accelerate the evolution of the system to the ideal state; the demand increment coefficient has linear incentives for the battery and vehicle manufacturers, but the effect on the positive development of the technology companies is non-linear; the gaming system has the highest sensitivity to the co-creative value distribution coefficient, and the averaging of the benefit distribution is more likely to promote the positive development of the three parties. The research results provide a reference for responding to EU battery regulatory requirements, promoting BP co-development and high-quality development of the power battery industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 136770"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synergistic multi-energy system for carbon-neutral container ships via green methanol-biomass hybridization(GMB-CCHP)","authors":"Yibai Wang ,&nbsp;Chutong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Shi ,&nbsp;Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Lei Shen ,&nbsp;Hui Huang ,&nbsp;Baolian Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuchan Bai ,&nbsp;Jie Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decarbonization of maritime transport demands innovative energy systems that reconcile operational efficiency with stringent emission regulations. This study presents GMB-CCHP (Green Methanol-Biomass Coupled CCHP System), a synergistic multi-energy framework designed for carbon-neutral container ships. The system integrates green methanol combustion, biomass boilers, solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and battery storage, governed by an intelligent energy management system (IEMS) for real-time power allocation. Through multi-objective optimization, the GMB-CCHP achieves remarkable adaptability across diverse operational scenarios. Under baseline navigation for a large container ship (comparable to a Maersk Triple-E class vessel), the system attains 85 % efficiency with 8800-ton carbon emissions and CNY 8.0678 million annual costs, prioritizing propulsion (60 % of 950 kW total load).Extreme conditions—high-temperature (20 % cooling load, 1100 kW) and low-temperature (15 % heating load, 1050 kW)—demonstrate resilience, maintaining 82–83 % efficiency while stabilizing costs.Crucially, optimal configurations (8 MW renewable capacity, 6.5 kton biomass fuel) yield peak efficiency (1147.32 %), which is significantly higher than that of conventional LNG/diesel systems, and minimal emissions (8.8 kton), outperforming conventional LNG/diesel systems by 23–31 % in carbon intensity. The IEMS-driven dynamic load balancing reduces energy waste by 15–26 % compared to static CCHP models, validating the system's capacity to harmonize cargo capacity expansion with emission constraints. By unifying lifecycle carbon reduction (37.2 % lower than IMO 2050 benchmarks) and economic viability (ROI &lt;6.5 years), GMB-CCHP establishes a replicable paradigm for zero-emission shipping, advancing the industry's alignment with Paris Agreement targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 136767"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the integration of new-type power systems: Hydraulic stability analysis of pumped storage units in the S-characteristic region based on experimental and CFD studies","authors":"Lianchen Xu ,&nbsp;Yuquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Junhui Xu ,&nbsp;Yirong Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Feng ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Yang ,&nbsp;Demin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As new-type power systems increasingly require pumped storage units to transition frequently between operational states, maintaining hydraulic stability in the S-characteristic region poses a significant challenge during these switching conditions. This study utilizes model testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the energy loss characteristics and hydraulic instability of pump-turbines operating within the S-characteristic region. The findings demonstrate that energy losses primarily occur in the guide vane passages and the vaneless space. Specifically, energy loss in the flow passage between guide vanes primarily arises from the rigid rotation of water within that region, with these rotating vortices inducing high-amplitude, low-frequency pressure pulsations inside the unit. An analysis based on the time-averaged enstrophy transport equation using the Rortex method indicates that shear effects and the pseudo-Lamb term, induced by velocity gradients, are the primary factors influencing vortex evolution. Additionally, time-averaged RANS equations combined with particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments reveal that areas near the boundary between positive and negative velocity gradients exhibit significant rigid vorticity, while shear effects reach their maximum strength in regions away from the vortex core along the trajectory of vortex motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 136755"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic thermo-hydraulic optimization of embedded microchannels: Balancing chip cooling efficiency and pressure fluctuation resistance","authors":"Xing Yang ,&nbsp;Jingtan Chen ,&nbsp;Yafan Qin ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Kunpeng Yu ,&nbsp;Zhihai Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Congsi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embedded microchannels cooling technology significantly reduces thermal resistance by enabling direct contact between the coolant and the heat-generating chip, exhibiting an incomparable cooling effect compared to traditional methods. However, direct contact between the coolant and the heat source results in more significant temperature fluctuations on chip and increased pressure sensitivity in the microchannel. These factors have become key factors restricting further improvement of the system's energy efficiency. This paper proposes an embedded chip cooling system that is easy to implant with great thermal performance. An embedded microchannels with secondary channels of airfoil cavity pin-fin spoiler structure (EMAT-SC), designed to further enhance the heat transfer capabilities of embedded microchannels cooling while ensuring the stability of the embedded cooling system. Through numerical simulation methods, it is determined that EMAT-SC can obtain the best heat dissipation performance when the relative width of secondary channel (<em>α</em>) is about 0.47 and the relative size of spoiler structure (<em>β</em>) is in the range of 0.28–0.56. Based on these findings, we further compared the cooling performance of the EMAT-SC with that of the embedded microchannels with rectangular structure (EMRR), the embedded microchannels with triangular rib groove structure (EMTR), and the embedded microchannels with conventional secondary channels structure (EMSC). The results confirm that EMAT-SC can not only maintain a Δ<em>p</em> comparable to that of EMTR, but also exhibits superior heat transfer performance. The performance evaluation criterion (PEC) of EMAT-SC reaches 1.50 at <em>Re</em> = 783, which shows the best comprehensive thermal performance compared with the optimization schemes of the same size in recent years. This study offers valuable insights and serves as a reference for embedded cooling system solutions aimed at high heat flux density electronic equipment, particularly in synergistic thermo-hydraulic optimization of embedded microchannels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 136775"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy management strategy design for pure electric buses based on Adaptive-Advanced Neuro-Evolution of Augmenting Topologies","authors":"Jiageng Ruan ,&nbsp;Zheng Cao ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Tianche Hou ,&nbsp;Zhaowen Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Learning-based energy management strategies (EMSs) show significant advantages in reducing the energy consumption by adopting multiple proper motors with appropriate power allocating algorithms. However, the adaptability of training-based strategy to unknown environments still face challenge. In this paper, a dual-motor four-speed electrified bus powertrain is selected as the benchmark to investigate the proposed adaptability improvement method for learning-based EMS. To determine the appropriate driving mode and the torque allocation coefficient, a topological Neuro-Evolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) is adopted in the EMS. the generalization of the learning-based real-time EMS is improved. The results show that the proposed strategy is capable of updating the evolved network in the real-time, and adjust the network structure and weights automatically during training. Furthermore, to tackle the challenges of population fitness stagnation, fitness concentration and genetic diversity depletion of NEAT in exploring hybrid action space (discrete operating modes and continuous torque distribution coefficients), a dynamic mutation and roulette wheel selection method-based Adaptive-Advanced Neuro-Evolution of Augmenting Topologies (AANEAT) is proposed in this study. The simulation results from both tests, i.e. CHTC_B scenarios and real driving cycles, demonstrate that AANEAT-based EMS consumes less energy and show similar behaviors to the global optimum EMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 136566"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking peak shaving: How EV driver heterogeneity shapes V2G potential","authors":"Sujin Yun ,&nbsp;JongRoul Woo ,&nbsp;Kyuil Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As electric vehicles (EVs) and variable renewable energy sources rapidly expand, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance grid flexibility. However, their effectiveness critically depends on EV drivers’ willingness to participate, which is shaped by behavioral heterogeneity and operational constraints. While previous studies have explored participation preferences, they have largely overlooked time-specific availability and its implications for system-level flexibility. This study addresses this gap by integrating a discrete choice experiment with latent class modeling to analyze both user preferences and the peak shaving potential of V2G. To capture temporal availability more accurately, “weekday connection time” is introduced as a novel contract attribute, enabling realistic estimates of time-specific charging and discharging flexibility. The analysis identifies three distinct driver segments, each characterized by unique preferences for monetary incentives, minimum connection days, charger accessibility, weekday connection frequency, and state-of-charge guarantees. Scenario-based simulations incorporating these heterogeneous profiles indicate that tailored V2G program designs could reduce peak net load by up to 22.9 % by 2030. These findings underscore the importance of differentiated policy instruments and aggregator strategies that reflect user diversity. The study provides a behaviorally grounded framework for designing inclusive and effective V2G programs that contribute to a more flexible and sustainable power system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 136773"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two phase fluid-actuator line-immersed boundary coupling for tidal stream turbine modeling with scouring morphology under wave-current loading","authors":"Xu Deng ,&nbsp;Adrian Wing-Keung Law ,&nbsp;Jisheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangfeng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consideration of tidal stream turbine (TST) interactions with marine environments and resultant morphological evolution is vital for power and safety maintenance. However, the TST induced morphological evolution with synchronous hydrodynamic characteristics under wave-current loading remains relatively unexplored. A new numerical framework is developed for simulating hydrodynamics around TST upon scouring morphology under wave-current loading. It integrates the two phase fluid model, actuator line method (ALM) for the turbine rotor, and immersed boundary method (IBM) for sediment dynamics and morphodynamics. Particularly, the integration yields the transient morphological evolution induced by the rotor motion. The framework was validated by simulating the wake-flow fields and scour development process around a horizontal-axis TST (HATST) under wave-currents, and the simulated results agreed well with experimental results. Subsequently, the numerical framework was employed to predict the scouring morphology with synchronous hydrodynamics around the HATST under the combined wave-current loading. The results indicate that the rotating turbine rotor intensifies the near-seabed flow around the turbine foundation under wave-currents. This intensified flow enhances the seabed shear stress, resulting in larger scour depth. Particularly, the wave motion enhances the instantaneous seabed shear stress and accelerates the scour development around turbine foundation. Both the turbine rotor and supporting foundation induce the sediment transport under wave-current loading, but the foundation's contribution to the scour depth is substantially larger. Overall, the proposed numerical framework provides a robust tool to analyze TST-induced sediment transport mechanisms under wave-currents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 136757"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}