Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound Imaging Criteria and Protocols for Active Surveillance of Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer: A Review of International Consensus Guidelines.","authors":"Ji Ye Lee, Dong Gyu Na","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the indolent nature and favorable outcomes of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), active surveillance (AS) has been adopted as an alternative management option to immediate surgery. However, the meticulous selection of patients based on individual and tumor-specific characteristics, as well as ultrasound (US) findings, is crucial in AS. Regular US monitoring is performed during AS to detect indicators of tumor progression, such as growth, the emergence of new US features suggestive of gross extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis. Thus, imaging-based evaluations play a pivotal role in guiding the decision to continue AS or proceed with surgical intervention. This review introduces the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) guideline for the standardized US imaging of patients with low-risk PTMC under AS, which provide practical recommendations for tumor assessment during the initiation and follow-up phases of AS. This review compared the key features of the KSThR guideline with those of major international guidelines and identified the similarities and differences in imaging methodologies and follow-up strategies. The primary objective of this review is to support the broader implementation of AS and improve outcomes for patients with low-risk PTMC by emphasizing imaging protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Its Risk for Hepatic Fibrosis in 476,124 Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Da Yeon Lee, Ji-Hee Ko, Han-Na Jang, Sun Joon Moon, Hye-Mi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Cheol-Young Park, Won-Young Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Eun-Jung Rhee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the new terminology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD) has emerged, the clinical significance of MASLD is increasing. This cross-sectional study analyzed 476,124 health checkup participants (2002-2022) to compare hepatic fibrosis risks across MASLD, MetALD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Steatotic liver was identified via ultrasonography, and fibrosis risk was assessed using aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and NAFLD fibrosis score. The prevalence of NAFLD, MAFLD, MASLD, and MetALD was 30.1%, 32.3%, 29.8%, and 3.0%, respectively, with a 27.9% overlap among three conditions. Participants with steatotic liver were predominantly male, with higher glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels. Three disease definitions largely overlapped, with MASLD and NAFLD being very similar, while participants with MAFLD and MetALD showed increased fibrosis risk (clinical trial registration number: 2024-11-050).</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: The Role of Hepatic Steatosis in Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health.","authors":"Ji Cheol Bae","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancies in Dapagliflozin Response in Terms of Glycemic Control and Body Weight Reduction.","authors":"Ji Eun Jun, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Nan-Hee Kim, Kwan-Woo Lee, In-Kyung Jeong","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces hyperglycemia and obesity by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption. This post hoc study evaluated clinical factors influencing patient response to dapagliflozin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis focused on patients treated with dapagliflozin (10 mg/day for 52 weeks) within the randomized, double-blind, parallel-group BEYOND trial. Adequate glycemic control (GC) was defined as a reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of ≥ 1.0% or the achievement of an HbA1c level <7.0% at week 52. Significant weight loss (WL) referred to a reduction in body weight of ≥3.0% at week 52. Participants were classified into four groups based on their GC and WL responses: GC+/WL+, GC+/WL-, GC-/WL+, and GC-/WL-.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among dapagliflozin recipients (n=56), at 52 weeks, HbA1c had decreased by 1.0%±0.8% from baseline, while body weight had declined by 2.4±3.1 kg. Overall, 69.6% of participants achieved GC+, and 57.1% achieved WL+. Male sex and shorter diabetes duration were significantly associated with achieving GC+. Conversely, higher estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly linked to WL+. The only factor significantly associated with both GC+ and WL+ was shorter diabetes duration (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.68 to 0.97; P=0.023). The GC+ and WL+ groups exhibited favorable responses beginning soon after dapagliflozin therapy was initiated. Furthermore, HbA1c decline was more strongly associated with reduction in visceral fat than with WL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A short duration of diabetes and early response to treatment appear to represent key factors in maximizing the benefits of dapagliflozin for blood glucose and weight management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in the Localization of Pituitary Tumors in Cushing's Disease.","authors":"Kyungwon Kim, Dongwoo Kim, Min-Ho Lee, Yae Won Park, Sung Soo Ahn, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Sun Ho Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eun Jig Lee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the value of 68Ga-DOTATOC positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in localizing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 30 patients with Cushing's disease and positive ACTH immunoreactivity. All patients underwent 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before transsphenoidal adenomectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five patients showed 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake in their pituitary glands on PET/CT. Median age, pre-operative ACTH levels, pre-operative cortisol, and tumor size on MRI were comparable irrespective of DOTATOC uptake. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT showed a 77% success rate for localizing adenomas, which was not statistically different from that of MRI. The ACTH level in the successful localization group was significantly higher than that in the failed group (84.41 pg/mL vs. 37.26 pg/mL, P=0.001). The ACTH level was statistically significant predictor of successful localization using 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT (P=0.013). The area under the curve was 0.932 with a cutoff of 53.86 pg/mL for ACTH levels to determine successful localization. Pre-operative ACTH levels above 53.86 pg/mL showed the best diagnostic accuracy in predicting the success of localizing adenomas (sensitivity, 91.3%; specificity, 85.7%). Mean and maximum standardized uptake value of adenoma negatively correlated to pre-operative ACTH level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plasma ACTH level is a favorable predictor for the successful localization and negative correlation with 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake of corticotroph adenomas in 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT did not improve tumor localization for Cushing's disease compared with MRI alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antilipolytic Insulin Sensitivity Indices Measured during an Oral Glucose Challenge: Associations with Insulin-Glucose Clamp and Central Adiposity in Women without Diabetes.","authors":"Foued Naimi, Christophe Richer Dit Laflèche, Marie-Claude Battista, André C Carpentier, Jean-Patrice Baillargeon","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tissue overexposure to non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) contributes to the development of metabolic conditions, with insulin-mediated suppression of lipolysis being an important mechanism in limiting this overexposure. We investigated which dynamic NEFA insulin-suppression indices derived from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were best associated with those derived from the insulin-glucose clamp, as well as with central adiposity and glucoregulatory parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study recruited 29 women without diabetes, 15 healthy women, and 14 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The OGTT indices of NEFA insulin-suppression were the decremental NEFA area under the curve, negative log-linear NEFA slope, percentage of NEFA suppression (%NEFAsupp) and time to suppress NEFA levels by 50% (T50NEFA). The indices derived from the two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (low-dose insulin step) were delta NEFA and %NEFAsupp.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the OGTT and clamp indices, T50NEFA[OGTT] and %NEFAsupp[clamp] showed the closest associations in both subgroups (r=-0.58). Additionally, T50NEFA correlated significantly in all women with waist circumference (r=0.64), body fat percentage (r=0.60), fasting insulinemia (r=0.53), and M-value insulin sensitivity index (r=-0.45). Similarly, %NEFAsupp[clamp] correlated significantly in all women with waist circumference (r=-0.57), body fat percentage (r=-0.54), fasting insulinemia (r=-0.55), and M-value insulin sensitivity index (r=0.51). T50NEFA and %NEFAsupp[clamp] also correlated with other anthropometric and metabolic parameters associated with lipotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For dynamic testing of NEFA insulin-suppression in women, T50NEFA was the OGTT-derived index best correlated with a clamp index (%NEFAsupp). These indices were also the most closely associated with anthropometric and glucoregulatory parameters. Thus, the OGTT-derived T50NEFA appears valid for assessing dynamic antilipolytic insulin action.</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality across Different Diabetes Durations: A Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Jeongeun Kwak, Kyung-Do Han, Eun Young Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jeongmin Lee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to assess the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality in a large cohort of diabetes patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of 1,090,485 participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was conducted. Participants were stratified into TyG quartiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher TyG index quartiles were significantly associated with an increased CVD risk and mortality risk. In fully adjusted models, participants in the highest TyG quartile (Q4) had an 18% higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.23) and a 16% higher risk of mortality (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.23) compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1). The association was particularly pronounced in patients with fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (CVD [HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.37], mortality [HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.26]; P for interaction <0.001). Patients with a diabetes duration of ≥10 years showed the strongest association between the TyG index and CVD risk (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.50), while the mortality risk was particularly elevated in those with a diabetes duration of less than 5 years (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.30). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations between TyG index and CVD risk in younger participants, non-obese individuals, and non-smokers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index is a significant predictor of CVD and mortality in diabetic patients, particularly in those with poor glycemic control or longer disease duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Detected by Routine Health Screening Had Better Clinical Outcome and Survival.","authors":"Ji Hyun Yoo, Da Eun Leem, Bo Ram Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The benefits of early detection in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are not well established. This study investigates the impact of early detection of MTC on clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study evaluated 144 patients diagnosed with MTC at Samsung Medical Center between 1995 and 2019, classified as asymptomatic (mostly detected through routine health check-ups, including ultrasonography, calcitonin, or carcinoembryonic antigen levels) and symptomatic. Initial treatment response, final clinical outcomes, and cancer-specific survival were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MTC was diagnosed in 104 (72.2%) asymptomatic and 40 (27.8%) symptomatic patients. The symptomatic group showed a significantly larger primary tumor size, more frequent lateral neck lymph node metastasis, more advanced tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging, and higher pre- and postoperative serum calcitonin levels. For initial treatment response, the proportion of excellent responders was significantly higher in the asymptomatic group (71.2% vs. 40.0%), while that of patients with biochemical incomplete response (37.5% vs. 26.9%) and structural incomplete response (22.5% vs. 1.9%) was significantly higher in the symptomatic group (all P<0.001). For the final clinical outcomes, the rate of patients with no evidence of disease was higher in the asymptomatic group (67.3% vs. 30.0%), while the rate of patients with structurally identifiable disease was higher in the symptomatic group (45.0% vs. 7.7%) (P<0.001 for both). The symptomatic group had significantly poorer cancer-specific survival than the asymptomatic group (log-rank P=0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with late diagnosis through symptomatic presentation, early diagnosis in asymptomatic patients results in significantly better initial treatment response, final clinical outcomes, and cancer-specific survival in patients with MTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma C-Peptide Levels and the Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Defined Coefficient of Variation in Risk Prediction for Hypoglycemia in Korean People with Diabetes Having Normal and Impaired Kidney Function.","authors":"So Yoon Kwon, Jiyun Park, So Hee Park, You-Bin Lee, Gyuri Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang-Man Jin","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to investigate the predictive values of plasma C-peptide levels and the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-defined coefficient of variation (CV) in risk prediction for hypoglycemia in Korean people with diabetes with normal and impaired kidney function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 1,185 participants diagnosed with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who underwent blinded professional CGM between January 2009 and May 2021 at outpatient clinics. We explored correlations among CGM-defined CV, plasma C-peptide levels, and time below range at <70 and 54 mg/dL across different kidney function categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-2 (n=934), 89.3% who had a random plasma C-peptide level higher than 600 pmol/L exhibited a CV of ≤36%. Among those in CKD stage 3 (n=161) with a random plasma C-peptide level exceeding 600 pmol/L, 66.7% showed a CV of ≤36%. In stages 4-5 of CKD (n=90), the correlation between random C-peptide levels and CV was not significant (r=-0.05, P=0.640), including cases with a CV greater than 36% despite very high random plasma C-peptide levels. Random plasma C-peptide levels and CGM-assessed CV significantly predicted hypoglycemia in CKD stages 1-2 and 1-5, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The established C-peptide criteria in Western populations are applicable to Korean people with diabetes for hypoglycemic risk prediction, unless kidney function is impaired equivalent to CKD stage 3-5. The CGM-defined CV is informative for hypoglycemic risk prediction regardless of kidney function.</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microvascular Ultrasonography Vascularity Index as a Rapid and Simplified Assessment Tool for Differentiating Graves’ Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis and Managing Thyrotoxicosis","authors":"Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2206","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyrotoxicosis presents significant diagnostic challenges in distinguishing Graves' disease (GD) from destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis (DT) using ultrasound imaging. We evaluated a new technology, microvascular ultrasonography (MVUS) to effectively differentiate between GD and DT, and observe the MVUS changes during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 264 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled into two cohorts from August 2022 to March 2024 at one tertiary referral hospital: cohort 1 comprised patients initially presenting with thyrotoxicosis (n=185; 98 with GD and 87 with DT). Cohort 2 included patients either with GD considering antithyroid drug discontinuation or with DT in the follow-up phase after treatment (n=77). Ultrasound imaging was conducted using the MVUS technique, and the vascularity index (MVUS-VI) was automatically calculated as the percentage ratio of color pixels to total grayscale pixels within a specified region of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnostic accuracy highlighted MVUS-VI as the most accurate diagnostic tool, achieving a sensitivity of 79.6%, specificity of 84.3%, with an area under the curve of 0.856 (95% confidence interval, 0.800 to 0.911). Presence of thyroid peroxidase antibody or thyroglobulin antibody affected MVUS-VI's performance, requiring a higher cut-off value for specificity in this subgroup. Follow-up in cohort 2 (n=77) demonstrated significant normalization in thyroid function and reductions in MVUS-VI from an initial 32.6%±23.4% to 20.8%±13.5% at follow-up (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MVUS-VI provides a rapid, non-invasive diagnostic alternative to traditional methods in differentiating GD from DT, thus aiding in the management of patients with thyrotoxicosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11636,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}