Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Correlation of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Interleukin-38 and its Polymorphism (rs6743376)","authors":"Mohammed Issa Ibrahim Islemeh, Bushra Mubarak, Amina Elahi","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.3.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.3.0070","url":null,"abstract":"Among autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most prevalent. The IL-1 family and the IL36 subfamily both include interleukin-38. IL-38 is anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-38 is essential for inflammation control and host defense. In the Pakistani population, this research intends to evaluate the relationship flanked by IL-38 levels and its polymorphism (rs 6743376) C>A and rheumatoid arthritis. Eighty samples in total were included and divided into sick and control groups. IL-38 levels were measured through ELISA. For the SNP of IL-38, an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was applied. All subjects' serum levels of CRP, RF, and ACCP were assessed. 70% of patients had negative CRP tests, while 30% had positive CRP tests. All of the patients' RF and ACCP tests came back positive. As the p-value was smaller than (0.001), a significant difference was observed in the mean ESR test values between patients and controls. IL-38 concentration was higher in the RA having a mean value of 26.8621. In comparison to homozygous allele (CC) and heterozygous allele (AC), patients with homozygous allele (AA) are more common. Contrarily, the control group revealed that the homozygous allele (CC) was more prevalent than the homozygous allele (AA) and heterozygous allele (AC). When compared to homozygous allele (CC) and heterozygous allele (AC), IL-38 rs6743376 (A/A) is related with a higher risk of developing RA illness. In contrast to heterozygous (A/A) allele, homozygous (C/C) allele and heterozygous (A/C) allele are protective in RA. According to this study, IL-38 homozygous alleles (CC) and heterozygous alleles (AC) are associated with a lower probability of developing RA than heterozygous alleles (AA).","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139227746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-38 Level and Polymorphism (Rs 6743376) Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Mohammed Issa Ibrahim Islemeh, Bushra Mubarak, Amina Elahi","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.3.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.3.0069","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder defined by persistent inflammation and joint damage. This study explores the intricate relationship between RA severity and interleukin-38 (IL-38), a cytokine having anti-inflammatory properties. Our research reveals a strong connection between elevated plasma IL-38 levels and the severity of RA, indicating IL-38's crucial role in modulating inflammation. Elevated ESR levels in RA patients highlight active inflammation. Genetic analysis shows specific IL-38 polymorphisms associated with RA susceptibility, emphasizing the disease's genetic basis. These findings position IL-38 as a promising indicator for assessing rheumatoid arthritis RA severity by providing valuable insights into its genetic mechanisms. Understanding IL-38-related pathways could revolutionize RA management strategies.","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing A Solid Termite Bait Matrix and Conducting Efficacy Trials Under Lab and Semi Field Conditions","authors":"Muhammad Wajeeh Iqbal, Toheed Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan, Qaisar Hamad, Umaima Khaliq, Abdul Mujeeb, Azaz Ahmad, Ejaz Un Nabi","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.3.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.3.0071","url":null,"abstract":"The study on development of solid termite bait matrix and its efficacy against the Heterotermes indicola was performed in Peshawar, during 2023. The study was performed with completely randomized design (CRD) with different treatments i.e., developed bait, patent bait, popular wood and blotting paper. Each treatment was replicated three times. The laboratory experiment consisted of no-choice, free choice and aggregation test. While the semi-field experiment consisted of free choice test. During the no-choice test of the laboratory experiment, H. indicola showed a consumption rate of 6.29% for the popular wood and developed bait. However, in the blotting paper treatment, the termites consumed only 2.81%. In terms of choice test conducted in the lab, the popular wood exhibited the highest weight consumption percentage of 2.87%, while the patent bait displayed the lowest weight consumption percentage of 2.25%. Under the choice test maximum number of termites were attracted towards popular wood (77.00 Number of termites) while minimum number of termites were attracted towards patent bait (54.66 Number of termites). Whereas, in aggregation test, of the lab experiment, maximum number of termites were also aggregated towards popular wood (37.77 Number of termites) while minimum termites were aggregated for patent bait (25.22 Number of termites). In the case of free choice under semi-field conditions, the highest number of termites were observed on popular wood i.e., 380.00 followed by the developed bait, which recorded 293.50 termites. On the other hand, the lowest number of termites were recorded on the patent bait i.e., 231.50. Similarly, when considering the maximum consumed weight in percentage, popular wood exhibited the highest value at 16.24%, closely followed by the developed bait at 15.67% while the patent bait displayed minimum consumed weight percentage of 12.89%. In overall experiments it is concluded that among all the tested treatments, termites mostly consumed popular wood and developed bait. Since the developed bait showed promising results in attracting termites, it is recommended to continue refining its formulation. Conduct additional research to identify the key components or additives that enhance its attractiveness and consumption by termites. This optimization process can help maximize the effectiveness of the bait as a termite control strategy. Adding more popular wood saw dust in the bait may achieve more significant and desired results and can also prove to be cost efficient rather than adding more cellulosic material.","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Psychometric Properties of Irrational Belief Scale of Anxiety Patients","authors":"Ambreen Saleem, Bushra Malik, Iram Fatima","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.3.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.3.0068","url":null,"abstract":"The term irrational is basically used in psychotherapy. The concept of irrationality is especially focused in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) that is originated and developed by American Psychologist Albert Ellis. In this research it was first examined that how emotional intelligence plays a vital role in different anxiety disorders and how this emotional intelligence disturbs individual’s life. There are few researches conducted on emotional intelligence in Pakistan. The sample comprised of 200 patient’s males (n=105), females (n=95) with age range from 18 years older. The sample of study was collected by convenient sampling technique from different government hospitals of Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Wah Cantt. The patients were diagnosed by the psychiatrist and researcher herself according to the diagnostic criteria given by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (APA, 2000). Participants of both genders were included. Emotional intelligence was measured through trait emotional intelligence questionnaire short form (TEIQue-SF), irrational beliefs were measured through irrational belief scale (IBS) and anxiety was measured by Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). It was concluded that emotional intelligence has significant negative relationship with irrational beliefs and anxiety in patients with anxiety disorders. Irrational beliefs have non-significant positive relation with anxiety in patients with anxiety disorders.","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"English Judicial Approach towards Piercing the Corporate Veil after Prest v Petrodel","authors":"Farqaleet Khokhar","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0065","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the evasion principle by Lord Sumption in Petrodel v Prest is critically inspected and investigated to highlight how the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil has been applied by the English Courts. To this end, it is pinpointed that the scope of the doctrine has been narrowed, and the courts frequently misinterpreted the evasion principle, as evinced by the recent case Akhemodova v Akhemdov and Wood v Baker","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134885168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Dynamics of Post-COVID Societal Resilience: Mathematical Insights into Recovery Strategies and Adaptive Governance","authors":"Muhammad Ibrahim","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0067","url":null,"abstract":"The global outbreak of COVID-19 has presented unparalleled difficulties for societies around the globe, necessitating the development of comprehensive programmes for recovery and the implementation of adaptive governance measures. The present study work explores the use of mathematical modelling as a means to comprehend the intricacies of social resilience in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on the examination of recovery techniques and their implications for adaptive governance. It employs diverse mathematical methodologies to provide valuable insights into effectively traversing the intricate terrain of recovery. Utilising a multidisciplinary framework, the present study not only examines the quantitative dimensions of recovery, but also takes into account the complex socio-cultural, economic, and psychological variables that shape the trajectory towards resilience. Our objective is to get a full comprehension of the post-COVID healing process by combining mathematical models with qualitative observations. The examination of recovery pathways is enhanced by an assessment of possible policy solutions, emphasising the customization of adaptive governance to changing conditions. By using this comprehensive methodology, our aim is to provide policymakers with a resilient framework for formulating recovery plans that are both efficacious and flexible in response to the changing demands of societies as they traverse the unexplored terrain of the post-pandemic era.","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134885167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Aid with regard to Right to Fair Trial in Pakistani and International Law: A Comparative Approach","authors":"Misbah Nazim","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0066","url":null,"abstract":"The key objective of this article is to analyze the concept of legal aid, its significance, challenges, and potential solutions. This article by using the doctrinal research methodology, presents a comparative analysis of legal aid “in the context of international law” and Pakistani law, highlighting “the” similarities and dissimilarities between the two systems. Access to justice and legal representation are fundamental principles in international and national legal frameworks, ensuring that individuals have adequate assistance in navigating the legal system's complexities. This article examines the relevant provisions in international instruments, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which underscore the importance of legal aid. Additionally, this article explores the role of international organizations, such as the European Court of Human Rights, in providing legal aid to individuals involved in international criminal proceedings. On the other hand, Pakistani law recognizes the importance of legal aid as well, albeit with its own unique features and challenges. This article examines the constitutional provisions and statutory laws in Pakistan that guarantee the right to legal representation for individuals, particularly those who are economically disadvantaged. By understanding the similarities and dissimilarities between these systems, policymakers, legal practitioners, and scholars can identify potential areas for improvement and enhance access to justice for individuals, irrespective of their economic or social status. This article concludes that international law recognizes legal aid as a universal right and various international treaties make it mandatory for states (i.e., Pakistan) to ensure access to legal aid for those who cannot afford it.","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134885169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tale of Delayed Justice in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Waqar Naeem, Muhammad Aziz, Farrukh Munawar","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0063","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan judicial system has many flaws. The one we are discussing in this thesis is delay in justice. There is saying ‘‘Justice delayed is justice denied”. A society cannot be run with injustice. Delay in justice is also injustice. A healthy society needs prevailed justice. Bulks of cases in our courts also play part in delay justice. Lack of facilities and economics incentive also take part in dealing justice. Transfer of judges from court to court is also factor in delaying justice. Delay is product of different factor which are complex manner. Basically, judges and lawyers work together in collaboration to achieve single goal of dispensation of justice at reasonable speed. Thus, to increase the number of appearances in court room lawyers wants adjournment to manage their workload and same cases is with the judges they have to manage their workload so they grant adjournment. There are technical problems in the ministerial staff so that the ratio of corruption and non-use of modern techniques is also a source of delay justice in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134885052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Solid Termite Bait Matrix; Its Efficacy Trials in Lab and Semi Field Condition","authors":"Muhammad Wajeeh Iqbal, Toheed Iqbal, Qaisar Hamad, Umaima khaliq, Abdul Mujeeb, Azaz Ahmad, Ejaz Un Nabi","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.2.0064","url":null,"abstract":"The study on development of solid termite bait matrix and its efficacy against the Heterotermes indicola was performed in the Termite Laboratory, Entomology Division, Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, during 2023. The study was performed with completely randomized design (CRD) with different treatments i.e., developed bait, patent bait, popular wood and blotting paper. Each treatment was replicated three times. The laboratory experiment consisted of no-choice, free choice and aggregation test. While the semi-field experiment consisted of free choice test. During the no-choice test of the laboratory experiment, H. indicola showed a consumption rate of 6.29% for the popular wood and developed bait. However, in the blotting paper treatment, the termites consumed only 2.81%. In terms of choice test conducted in the lab, the popular wood exhibited the highest weight consumption percentage of 2.87%, while the patent bait displayed the lowest weight consumption percentage of 2.25%. Under the choice test maximum number of termites were attracted towards popular wood (77.00 Number of termites) while minimum number of termites were attracted towards patent bait (54.66 Number of termites). Whereas, in aggregation test, of the lab experiment, maximum number of termites were also aggregated towards popular wood (37.77 Number of termites) while minimum termites were aggregated for patent bait (25.22 Number of termites). In the case of free choice under semi-field conditions, the highest number of termites were observed on popular wood i.e., 380.00 followed by the developed bait, which recorded 293.50 termites. On the other hand, the lowest number of termites were recorded on the patent bait i.e., 231.50. Similarly, when considering the maximum consumed weight in percentage, popular wood exhibited the highest value at 16.24%, closely followed by the developed bait at 15.67% while the patent bait displayed minimum consumed weight percentage of 12.89%. In overall experiments it is concluded that among all the tested treatments, termites mostly consumed popular wood and developed bait. Since the developed bait showed promising results in attracting termites, it is recommended to continue refining its formulation. Conduct additional research to identify the key components or additives that enhance its attractiveness and consumption by termites. This optimization process can help maximize the effectiveness of the bait as a termite control strategy. Adding more popular wood saw dust in the bait may achieve more significant and desired results and can also prove to be cost efficient rather than adding more cellulosic material.","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134885051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Contract Law Between Pakistan and China Regarding the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)","authors":"Anum Atta, M. Naeem","doi":"10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.1.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2023.4.1.0062","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, China and Pakistan signed up for the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project. The two countries’ economies will benefit greatly from this massive initiative, which will also provide them with easier access to global markets. The preliminary cost estimate for the project was $46 billion, and its expected lifespan was fifteen years. It's a long and expensive project, so there are a lot of things that could go wrong. The present study aimed to review the background of CPEC and FTA, and compare the contract law of both two countries.","PeriodicalId":116159,"journal":{"name":"Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128024172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}