Endocrine reviews最新文献_第2页

The impact of estrogen deficiency on liver metabolism; implications for hormone replacement therapy. 雌激素缺乏对肝脏代谢的影响对激素替代疗法的启示。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf018

Jiawen Dong, Kaitlyn M J H Dennis, Radha Venkatakrishnan, Leanne Hodson, Jeremy W Tomlinson

{"title":"The impact of estrogen deficiency on liver metabolism; implications for hormone replacement therapy.","authors":"Jiawen Dong, Kaitlyn M J H Dennis, Radha Venkatakrishnan, Leanne Hodson, Jeremy W Tomlinson","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaf018","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, previously NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition globally. It affects 1-in-3 individuals and is associated with increased liver and cardiovascular mortality. MASLD is a sexually dimorphic condition and in women the prevalence and severity of MASLD rises significantly following menopause. Preclinical data shows that lack of estrogen promotes multisystem metabolic dysfunction that is characteristic of MASLD. This not only includes hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and fibrosis, but also extra-hepatic metabolic processes in adipose and skeletal muscle. There are currently no available MASLD treatments tailored to women. The uptake of estrogen-based menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has seen a dramatic increase in recent years. Despite the changing attitudes to HRT and the strong evidence base implicating estrogen deficiency in the development of MASLD, the impact of HRT on MASLD in postmenopausal women is poorly studied. In this review, we discuss the burden of MASLD in women, the effect of estrogen deficiency on the processes that drive MASLD development and progression, and explore potential sex-specific therapeutic strategies that may prevent or limit MASLD development after menopause.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress & Thyroid Function - From Bench to Bedside. 压力和甲状腺功能-从实验室到床边。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf015

Katja Petrowski, George J Kahaly

{"title":"Stress & Thyroid Function - From Bench to Bedside.","authors":"Katja Petrowski, George J Kahaly","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaf015","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental animal and human studies illustrate the effect of various stress forms on the thyroid gland and the regulation of thyroid hormones (TH) through the thyrotropic multi-loop control circuit. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) axis is part of the physiological stress system and mediates key regulators of metabolic activity during stress response. Genetically characterized individuals are more affected in their response to stressors, and their psychological response is extremely amplified. This leads to significant increases in TH serum levels as soon as a negative stressor appears. Physical stressors are used to induce psychological stress, e.g., physical exercise, starvation, sleep deprivation, hypoxia, and cold temperatures, all of which impact thyroid function. In addition, somatic illnesses may also affect the thyroid gland or may be related to a thyroidal dysfunction. As a psychosocial stressor in animal models, neonatal separation from the mother was used, affecting energy homeostasis and causing an increase in thyroliberin (TRH) expression in female rats and an increase in TRH degrading ectoenzyme in male rats. In mice with restrained stress, TH are important mediators of accelerated tumor growth. In human studies, isolated sexual abuse in childhood doubles the risk of thyroid dysfunction, with puerperal depression after sexual abuse in childhood increasing the risk for HPT axis disorders and elevated thyroid autoantibodies four-fold. In addition, psychological illnesses influence thyroid function. In the future, laboratory studies with standardized induction of various stress forms are warranted to better understand stress-induced effects on the HPT axis and their corresponding mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endocrine Controls of Skin Aging. 皮肤衰老的内分泌控制。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae034

Markus Böhm, Agatha Stegemann, Ralf Paus, Konrad Kleszczyński, Pallab Maity, Meinhard Wlaschek, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek

{"title":"Endocrine Controls of Skin Aging.","authors":"Markus Böhm, Agatha Stegemann, Ralf Paus, Konrad Kleszczyński, Pallab Maity, Meinhard Wlaschek, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae034","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae034","url":null,"abstract":"Skin is the largest organ of the human body and undergoes both intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic aging. While intrinsic skin aging is driven by genetic and epigenetic factors, extrinsic aging is mediated by external threats such as UV irradiation or fine particular matters, the sum of which is referred to as exposome. The clinical manifestations and biochemical changes are different between intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging, albeit overlapping features exist, eg, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, extracellular matrix degradation, telomere shortening, increased lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. As skin is a prominent target for many hormones, the molecular and biochemical processes underlying intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging are under tight control of classical neuroendocrine axes. However, skin is also an endocrine organ itself, including the hair follicle, a fully functional neuroendocrine \"miniorgan.\" Here we review pivotal hormones controlling human skin aging focusing on IGF-1, a key fibroblast-derived orchestrator of skin aging, of GH, estrogens, retinoids, and melatonin. The emerging roles of additional endocrine players, ie, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a central player of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; members of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis; oxytocin, endocannabinoids, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, are also reviewed. Until now, only a limited number of these hormones, mainly topical retinoids and estrogens, have found their way into clinical practice as anti-skin aging compounds. Further research into the biological properties of endocrine players or its derivatives may offer the development of novel senotherapeutics for the treatment and prevention of skin aging.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"349-375"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endocrine Dysfunction in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases. 原发性线粒体疾病的内分泌功能障碍。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf002

Rachel Varughese, Shamima Rahman

{"title":"Endocrine Dysfunction in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases.","authors":"Rachel Varughese, Shamima Rahman","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf002","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf002","url":null,"abstract":"Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMD) are genetic disorders affecting the structure or function of the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial functions are diverse, including energy production, ion homeostasis, reactive oxygen species regulation, antioxidant defense, and biosynthetic responsibilities, notably including steroidogenesis. Mitochondria provide the energy to drive intracellular production and extracellular secretion of all hormones. The understanding of the endocrine consequences of PMD is key to timely identification of both endocrine complications in PMD patients, and PMD presenting primarily with endocrine disease. This is a narrative review on the endocrine manifestations of PMD, underlying disease mechanisms, and current and emerging approaches to diagnosing and treating these complex disorders. Diabetes is the most frequent endocrine manifestation of PMD, but growth hormone deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadism, and parathyroid dysfunction may occur. Despite the intricate involvement of the thyroid gland in metabolic regulation, there is little evidence for a causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and PMD. In conclusion, endocrine dysfunction is observed in PMD with varying incidence depending on the specific mitochondrial disorder and the endocrine organ in question. Diagnosis of PMD in a patient with endocrine-presenting features requires a high level of clinical suspicion, particularly when apparently unrelated comorbidities co-exist. Similarly, endocrine pathology may be subtle in patients with known PMD, and thorough consideration must be given to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. The scope for novel therapeutics for this group of devastating conditions is enormous; however, several challenges remain to be overcome before hopes of curative treatments can be brought into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"376-396"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antiobesity Pharmacotherapy for Patients With Genetic Obesity Due to Defects in the Leptin-Melanocortin Pathway. 瘦素-黑素皮质素通路缺陷所致遗传性肥胖患者的抗肥胖药物治疗。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf004

Mila S Welling, Elisabeth F C van Rossum, Erica L T van den Akker

{"title":"Antiobesity Pharmacotherapy for Patients With Genetic Obesity Due to Defects in the Leptin-Melanocortin Pathway.","authors":"Mila S Welling, Elisabeth F C van Rossum, Erica L T van den Akker","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf004","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf004","url":null,"abstract":"Lifestyle interventions are the cornerstone of obesity treatment. However, insufficient long-term effects are observed in patients with genetic obesity disorders, as their hyperphagia remains untreated. Hence, patients with genetic obesity often require additional pharmacotherapy to effectively manage and treat their hyperphagia and obesity. Recent advancements in antiobesity pharmacotherapy have expanded the range of available antiobesity medications (AOM). This includes the targeted AOM setmelanotide, approved for specific genetic obesity disorders, as well as nontargeted AOMs such as naltrexone-bupropion and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues. Targeted AOMs have demonstrated significant weight loss, reduced obesity-related comorbidities, and improved hyperphagia and quality of life in patients with specific genetic obesity disorders. Small observational studies have shown that similar benefits from nontargeted AOMs or off-label pharmacotherapies can be achieved in patients with specific genetic obesity disorders, compared to common multifactorial obesity. In the future, novel and innovative pharmacotherapeutical options, including combination therapies and possibly gene therapy, will emerge, offering promising effects on body weight, hyperphagia, and, most importantly, quality of life for patients with a variety of genetic obesity disorders.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"418-446"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Roles of Natural Killer Cells in Breast Cancer Pathobiology and their Regulation by Estrogens. 自然杀伤细胞在乳腺癌病理生物学中的作用及雌激素对其的调节。

IF 20.3 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf014

Jovita Byemerwa,Ching-Yi Chang,Donald P McDonnell

{"title":"The Roles of Natural Killer Cells in Breast Cancer Pathobiology and their Regulation by Estrogens.","authors":"Jovita Byemerwa,Ching-Yi Chang,Donald P McDonnell","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaf014","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide. While breast cancer treatment outcomes have improved in recent years there remains an unmet medical need for therapeutics that can be used with curative intent in the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes and for those cancers that have metastasized. In recent years, the success of T-cell-based therapies and other technologies that boost anti-tumor activities of immune cells have increased interest in using natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies to treat solid tumors. These innate lymphoid cells can identify and eliminate tumor cells through their intrinsic cytotoxic activities and their ability to modulate the immune response through cytokine production. Owing to their lack of T-cell receptors, NK cells can also be used in the allogeneic setting and strategies to develop and establish NK cells as therapeutics in breast cancer are currently being explored. In this review, we will describe NK cell biology as it relates to breast cancer pathobiology and treatment outcomes and discuss how NK cell biology can be exploited and manipulated in the development of new therapeutics for breast cancer. Additionally, we review the role of estrogens in regulating NK cell activity and discuss how endocrine therapies targeting the estrogen receptor signaling axis could be employed as an approach to increase tumor immunity and the efficacy of NK-cell-directed immunotherapies.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance. 1型糖尿病的胰岛素抵抗：病理生理、临床和治疗相关性。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae032

Maria Apostolopoulou, Vaia Lambadiari, Michael Roden, George D Dimitriadis

{"title":"Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.","authors":"Maria Apostolopoulou, Vaia Lambadiari, Michael Roden, George D Dimitriadis","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae032","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae032","url":null,"abstract":"People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are usually considered to exclusively exhibit β-cell failure, but they frequently also feature insulin resistance. This review discusses the mechanisms, clinical features, and therapeutic relevance of insulin resistance by focusing mainly on human studies using gold-standard techniques (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp). In T1D, tissue-specific insulin resistance can develop early and sustain throughout disease progression. The underlying pathophysiology is complex, involving both metabolic- and autoimmune-related factors operating synergistically. Insulin treatment may play an important pathogenic role in predisposing individuals with T1D to insulin resistance. However, the established lifestyle-related risk factors and peripheral insulin administration inducing glucolipotoxicity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, inflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities, and oxidative stress cannot always fully explain insulin resistance in T1D, suggesting a phenotype distinct from type 2 diabetes. The mutual interaction between insulin resistance and impaired endothelial function further contributes to diabetes-related complications. Insulin resistance should therefore be considered a treatment target in T1D. Aside from lifestyle modifications, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion can ameliorate insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, thereby improving glucose toxicity compared with multiple injection insulin treatment. Among other concepts, metformin, pioglitazone, incretin-based drugs such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, and pramlintide can improve insulin resistance, either directly or indirectly. However, considering the current issues of high cost, side effects, limited efficacy, and their off-label status, these agents in people with T1D are not widely used in routine clinical care at present.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"317-348"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular Landscape and Therapeutic Strategies in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. 儿童分化型甲状腺癌的分子景观和治疗策略。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf003

Adeline T Yang, Sin-Ting Tiffany Lai, Theodore W Laetsch, Tricia Bhatti, Zubair Baloch, Lea F Surrey, Aime T Franco, Julio C Marques Ricarte-Filho, Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, N Scott Adzick, Ken Kazahaya, Andrew J Bauer

{"title":"Molecular Landscape and Therapeutic Strategies in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Adeline T Yang, Sin-Ting Tiffany Lai, Theodore W Laetsch, Tricia Bhatti, Zubair Baloch, Lea F Surrey, Aime T Franco, Julio C Marques Ricarte-Filho, Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, N Scott Adzick, Ken Kazahaya, Andrew J Bauer","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf003","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf003","url":null,"abstract":"There has been significant progress in understanding the molecular landscape of pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) over the past 2 decades. Classification of pediatric DFC into 3 tiers, RAS-like mutant, BRAF mutant, and kinase fusions, accurately reflects an increasing risk for invasive behavior, including regional and distant metastasis. In clinical practice, somatic oncogene testing for nodules with indeterminate cytology per the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology provides objective data to optimize surgical planning. In addition, knowledge of the somatic oncogene for widely invasive carcinomas allows for incorporation of oncogene-specific inhibitory therapy both in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. In the present review, we review the risk factors, clinical presentation, and evaluation of pediatric DTC, highlighting the correlation among ultrasound features, cytology, and oncogenic driver of the tumor. We subsequently propose an integrated, multimodal approach that can be used to improve diagnostic accuracy and reliability for preoperative planning as well as identify and discuss which pediatric patients may benefit from systemic oral targeted therapy.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"397-417"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanomedicine for Addressing Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance. 解决骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗的机械医学。

IF 20.3 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf012

Lu Wang,Le Chang,Yufei Ma,Yuanbo Jia,Bin Gao,Wei Cui,Feng Xu

引用次数: 0

The Chronobiology of Hormone Administration: "Doctor, what time should I take my medication?" 激素管理的时间生物学："医生，我应该在什么时间服药？

IF 20.3 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf013

Elena Colonnello,Andrea Graziani,Rebecca Rossetti,Giacomo Voltan,Davide Masi,Carla Lubrano,Stefania Mariani,Mikiko Watanabe,Andrea Marcello Isidori,Alberto Ferlin,Lucio Gnessi

{"title":"The Chronobiology of Hormone Administration: \"Doctor, what time should I take my medication?\"","authors":"Elena Colonnello,Andrea Graziani,Rebecca Rossetti,Giacomo Voltan,Davide Masi,Carla Lubrano,Stefania Mariani,Mikiko Watanabe,Andrea Marcello Isidori,Alberto Ferlin,Lucio Gnessi","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaf013","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacotherapy involving hormones and hormone-derived molecules has various potential treatment targets. This includes addressing (partial) hormonal deficiencies, pursuing osteoanabolic effects, providing contraceptive options, or supporting gender-affirming transitions. In chronotherapy, the timing of the administration of active ingredients and different pharmaceutical forms is leveraged to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, based on the principle that it is optimal for drugs to be administered according to the body's circadian rhythms. Just as a drummer sets the pace and keeps the rhythm steady for the entire band, the physician, through the application of chronotherapy, ensures the treatment regimen is harmonized with the body's internal clock. However, while this is a consolidated aspect for several endocrine treatments, for others, it represents a novelty. The new advancements in the treatment of osteoporosis, with the latest Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein analogue abaloparatide, or in congenital adrenal hyperplasia with the new long-lasting hydrocortisone formulation, are notable examples. We herein summarized the state-of-the-art regarding the hormonal circadian rhythm to discuss in depth the evidence available regarding the correct timing of commonly administered hormonal therapies in adult patients. By offering clear indications this manuscript delves into the importance of harmonizing hormonal therapy with circadian rhythms through chronotherapy, exploring its potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0