Endocrine reviews最新文献

Bone in parathyroid diseases revisited: evidence from epidemiological, surgical and new drug outcomes.

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf010

Afroditi Roumpou, Andrea Palermo, Symeon Tournis, Valeria Hasenmajer, Janice L Pasieka, Gregory Kaltsas, Andrea Isidori, Eva Kassi

{"title":"Bone in parathyroid diseases revisited: evidence from epidemiological, surgical and new drug outcomes.","authors":"Afroditi Roumpou, Andrea Palermo, Symeon Tournis, Valeria Hasenmajer, Janice L Pasieka, Gregory Kaltsas, Andrea Isidori, Eva Kassi","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaf010","url":null,"abstract":"Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related disorders have a major impact on bone metabolism and skeletal properties, due to the pivotal role of PTH in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone remodeling.Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by continuous exposure to excessive endogenous PTH, causing increased bone turnover in favor of bone resorption. Depending on the background of PTH overproduction, hyperparathyroidism is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.The clinical presentation varies from deterioration of bone microarchitecture and decreased bone mineral density (BMD) to profound bone involvement, such as osteitis fibrosa cystica and fragility fractures. Although successful parathyroidectomy represents the definitive treatment and may promote regression of most of the skeletal defects, the medical approach of calcimimetics and antiresorptive agents is a promising alternative in cases where parathyroidectomy is not feasible or unsuccessful.Hypoparathyroidism is the pathophysiological counterpart of hyperparathyroidism and also leads to disorders of bone metabolism and structure. Chronic PTH deprivation is associated with low bone remodeling and increased BMD. The defective microarchitecture might affect bone strength and raise the risk for adverse skeletal events. Recombinant human PTH acts as a replacement therapy and is safe and efficient in restoring calcium/phosphate homeostasis and bone turnover. However, it is approved only for refractory cases, as conventional management with calcium and active vitamin D remains the first-line treatment. This article reviews the skeletal involvement in the most frequent parathyroid disorders, hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, along with rare familial disorders of PTH metabolism, as assessed by clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters, and the effect of the available treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology, genetic etiology and intervention of premature ovarian insufficiency.

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf011

Ting Guo, Hongyuan Liu, Bingying Xu, Yu Qi, Keyan Xu, Xinyi Wu, Xinmiao He, Yingying Qin, Zi-Jiang Chen

{"title":"Epidemiology, genetic etiology and intervention of premature ovarian insufficiency.","authors":"Ting Guo, Hongyuan Liu, Bingying Xu, Yu Qi, Keyan Xu, Xinyi Wu, Xinmiao He, Yingying Qin, Zi-Jiang Chen","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaf011","url":null,"abstract":"Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a highly heterogeneous reproductive disorder in both its etiology and clinical presentation. The epidemiological characteristics of POI suggest that its occurrence likely involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Deciphering the pathogenic mechanisms of POI is crucial for improving reproductive outcomes as well as managing the long-term complications associated with ovarian dysfunction. Recent studies expand the list of POI-causal genes and promote the viability of genetic diagnosis. However, whole exome sequencing studies in large-scale POI cohorts and genome-wide association studies on the age at natural menopause have uncovered a complex genetic architecture underlying POI that includes monogenic and oligogenic inheritance modes, emphasizing the difficulties in genetic diagnosis, especially for the isolated cases. Moreover, our understanding of the physiology of ovarian aging has greatly benefited from recent advances in multi-omics analysis, expanding our perspective on the pathogenic mechanisms and potential targeted therapeutic strategies for POI. In this review, we summarize the epidemiological characteristics of POI, as well as progress in genetic and epigenetic etiologies, and discuss advances in pharmacology and material science that will likely contribute to new interventions for ovarian aging. Finally, this review offers new insights into prospects for early diagnosis and treatment of POI, while identifying persistent challenges and potential solutions to be addressed through future research.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Historical aspects of testicular function: virility, androgen production and spermatogenesis.

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf009

Alan D Rogol, Marco Cappa

{"title":"Historical aspects of testicular function: virility, androgen production and spermatogenesis.","authors":"Alan D Rogol, Marco Cappa","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaf009","url":null,"abstract":"From antiquity, Man has been fascinated by at least two processes of testicular function: virility and reproduction; their biological basis was uncovered beginning in the mid-19th century. We have divided the search into 3 epochs: the speculative and observational, the experimental, and the biochemical/physiological. The first begins with Susruta, approximately 3,000 years ago and winds its way through the Greek, Roman, the Christian Bible, Arabic, Chinese, and Indian pathways before coalescing in Europe at the dawn of the Renaissance. The second began withThomas Willis who postulated a virilizing factor from the testis. A century later de Bordeu hypothesized a neurosecretory function for the hypothalamus/pituitary. After John Hunter began to study testis implantation, it was Berthold who showed a secretory function of the testis following implantation. Charles-Éduard Brown-Séquard focused the medical and lay communities on the testis secretion with self-experimentation with animal testis extracts leading to more than four decades of uncertainty in the newly-launched science of endocrinology. Multiple series of testicular implants and vas deferens ligations for the purposes of rejuvenation of older men followed. The medical experimentation continued in the biochemical/physiological epoch where androgenic steroids were isolated, purified, identified, synthesized and used in clinical trials. The effects of castration, some known from antiquity were placed on a modern scientific basis with studies of the Skoptzy, a self-castrating sect from Russia and the castrati opera singers. Details of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function as well as the embryology of male sexual differentiation and spermatogenesis were defined during this epoch.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Microbiota and Evolution of Obesity. 微生物群与肥胖症的进化。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae033

Mario J A Saad, Andrey Santos

引用次数: 0

Growth Hormone Action as a Target in Cancer: Significance, Mechanisms, and Possible Therapies. 作为癌症靶点的生长激素作用：作为癌症靶点的生长激素作用：意义、机制和可能的疗法。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae030

Reetobrata Basu, Cesar L Boguszewski, John J Kopchick

{"title":"Growth Hormone Action as a Target in Cancer: Significance, Mechanisms, and Possible Therapies.","authors":"Reetobrata Basu, Cesar L Boguszewski, John J Kopchick","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae030","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae030","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone (GH) is a pituitary-derived endocrine hormone required for normal postnatal growth and development. Hypo- or hypersecretion of endocrine GH results in 2 pathologic conditions, namely GH deficiency (GHD) and acromegaly. Additionally, GH is also produced in nonpituitary and tumoral tissues, where it acts rather as a cellular growth factor with an autocrine/paracrine mode of action. An increasingly persuasive and large body of evidence over the last 70 years concurs that GH action is implicit in escalating several cancer-associated events, locally and systemically. This pleiotropy of GH's effects is puzzling, but the association with cancer risk automatically raises a concern for patients with acromegaly and for individuals treated with GH. By careful assessment of the available knowledge on the fundamental concepts of cancer, suggestions from epidemiological and clinical studies, and the evidence from specific reports, in this review we aimed to help clarify the distinction of endocrine vs autocrine/paracrine GH in promoting cancer and to reconcile the discrepancies between experimental and clinical data. Along this discourse, we critically weigh the targetability of GH action in cancer-first by detailing the molecular mechanisms which posit GH as a critical node in tumor circuitry; and second, by enumerating the currently available therapeutic options targeting GH action. On the basis of our discussion, we infer that a targeted intervention on GH action in the appropriate patient population can benefit a sizable subset of current cancer prognoses.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"224-280"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Biology and Clinical Implications of PCSK7. PCSK7的生物学和临床意义。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae031

Vatsal Sachan, Delia Susan-Resiga, Kalista Lam, Nabil G Seidah

{"title":"The Biology and Clinical Implications of PCSK7.","authors":"Vatsal Sachan, Delia Susan-Resiga, Kalista Lam, Nabil G Seidah","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae031","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae031","url":null,"abstract":"Discovered in 1996, PCSK7 is the seventh of the 9-membered proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin (PCSK) family. This article reviews the various aspects of the multifaceted biology of PCSK7 and what makes it an exciting new target for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting ∼30% of the population globally, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and likely cancer/metastasis. We will systematically review and discuss all the available epidemiological data, and structural, cell biology, and in vivo evidence that eventually led to the discovery of PCSK7 as a novel post-translational regulator of apolipoprotein B. Interestingly, PCSK7 is the only convertase, other than PCSK9, that exhibits noncanonical/nonenzymatic functions, which will be amply described in this review. The data so far have suggested that PCSK7 is a potential safe target in MASLD treatment. This was based on human epidemiological data, as well as mouse Pcsk7 knockout and mRNA translation inhibition using hepatocyte-targeted antisense oligonucleotides following a diet-induced MASLD. Additionally, of all the 9 convertases only the gene deletion of Pcsk7 and/or Pcsk9 in mice leads to healthy and fertile animals with no apparent deleterious consequences, suggesting that their pharmacological targeting is likely safe. Accordingly, the synergistic effects of inhibiting both PCSK7 and PCSK9 in a clinical setting may represent a novel therapy for various diseases. We believe that the current surge in oligonucleotide therapy, with many Food and Drug Administration-approved oligonucleotide-based drugs now available in clinics, and the urgent need for novel MASLD therapeutics present an opportune moment for this timely review article.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"281-299"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Papillary Craniopharyngioma: An Integrative and Comprehensive Review. 乳头状颅咽管瘤：综合全面的综述。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae028

Ruth Prieto, Tareq A Juratli, Evan D Bander, Sandro Santagata, Laura Barrios, Priscilla K Brastianos, Theodore H Schwartz, José M Pascual

{"title":"Papillary Craniopharyngioma: An Integrative and Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Ruth Prieto, Tareq A Juratli, Evan D Bander, Sandro Santagata, Laura Barrios, Priscilla K Brastianos, Theodore H Schwartz, José M Pascual","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae028","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae028","url":null,"abstract":"Papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) is a rare type of tumor, comprising ∼20% of all craniopharyngioma (CP) cases. It is now recognized as a separate pathological entity from the adamantinomatous type. PCPs are benign tumors, classified as World Health Organization grade 1, characterized by nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium. They typically grow as solid and round papillomatous masses or as unilocular cysts with a cauliflower-like excrescence. PCPs primarily occur in adults (95%), with increased frequency in males (60%), and predominantly affect the hypothalamus. Over 80% of these tumors are located in the third ventricle, expanding either above an anatomically intact infundibulum (strictly third ventricle tumors) or within the infundibulo-tuberal region of the third ventricle floor. Clinical manifestations commonly include visual deficits and a wide range of psychiatric disturbances (45% of patients), such as memory deficits and odd behavior. Magnetic resonance imaging can identify up to 50% of PCPs by the presence of a basal duct-like recess. Surgical management is challenging, requiring complex approaches to the third ventricle and posing significant risk of hypothalamic injury. The endoscopic endonasal approach allows radical tumor resection and yields more favorable patient outcomes. Of intriguing pathogenesis, over 90% of PCPs harbor the somatic BRAFV600E mutation, which activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. A phase 2 clinical trial has demonstrated that PCPs respond well to proto-oncogene B-Raf/MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitors. This comprehensive review synthesizes information from a cohort of 560 well-described PCPs and 99 large CP series including PCP cases published from 1856 to 2023 and represents the most extensive collection of knowledge on PCPs to date.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"151-213"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endocrine Controls of Skin Aging.

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae034

Markus Böhm, Agatha Stegemann, Ralf Paus, Konrad Kleszczyński, Pallab Maity, Meinhard Wlaschek, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek

{"title":"Endocrine Controls of Skin Aging.","authors":"Markus Böhm, Agatha Stegemann, Ralf Paus, Konrad Kleszczyński, Pallab Maity, Meinhard Wlaschek, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae034","url":null,"abstract":"Skin is the largest organ of the human body and undergoes both intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic aging. While intrinsic skin aging is driven by genetic and epigenetic factors, extrinsic aging is mediated by external threats such as UV irradiation or fine particular matters, the sum of which is referred to as exposome. The clinical manifestations and biochemical changes are different between intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging, albeit overlapping features exist, eg, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, extracellular matrix degradation, telomere shortening, increased lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. As skin is a prominent target for many hormones, the molecular and biochemical processes underlying intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging are under tight control of classical neuroendocrine axes. However, skin is also an endocrine organ itself, including the hair follicle, a fully functional neuroendocrine \"miniorgan.\" Here we review pivotal hormones controlling human skin aging focusing on IGF-1, a key fibroblast-derived orchestrator of skin aging, of GH, estrogens, retinoids, and melatonin. The emerging roles of additional endocrine players, ie, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a central player of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; members of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis; oxytocin, endocannabinoids, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, are also reviewed. Until now, only a limited number of these hormones, mainly topical retinoids and estrogens, have found their way into clinical practice as anti-skin aging compounds. Further research into the biological properties of endocrine players or its derivatives may offer the development of novel senotherapeutics for the treatment and prevention of skin aging.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae032

Maria Apostolopoulou, Vaia Lambadiari, Michael Roden, George D Dimitriadis

{"title":"Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.","authors":"Maria Apostolopoulou, Vaia Lambadiari, Michael Roden, George D Dimitriadis","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae032","url":null,"abstract":"People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are usually considered to exclusively exhibit β-cell failure, but they frequently also feature insulin resistance. This review discusses the mechanisms, clinical features, and therapeutic relevance of insulin resistance by focusing mainly on human studies using gold-standard techniques (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp). In T1D, tissue-specific insulin resistance can develop early and sustain throughout disease progression. The underlying pathophysiology is complex, involving both metabolic- and autoimmune-related factors operating synergistically. Insulin treatment may play an important pathogenic role in predisposing individuals with T1D to insulin resistance. However, the established lifestyle-related risk factors and peripheral insulin administration inducing glucolipotoxicity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, inflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities, and oxidative stress cannot always fully explain insulin resistance in T1D, suggesting a phenotype distinct from type 2 diabetes. The mutual interaction between insulin resistance and impaired endothelial function further contributes to diabetes-related complications. Insulin resistance should therefore be considered a treatment target in T1D. Aside from lifestyle modifications, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion can ameliorate insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, thereby improving glucose toxicity compared with multiple injection insulin treatment. Among other concepts, metformin, pioglitazone, incretin-based drugs such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, and pramlintide can improve insulin resistance, either directly or indirectly. However, considering the current issues of high cost, side effects, limited efficacy, and their off-label status, these agents in people with T1D are not widely used in routine clinical care at present.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Oxytocin System and Implications for Oxytocin Deficiency in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disease.

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaf008

Anna Aulinas, Elizabeth A Lawson

{"title":"The Oxytocin System and Implications for Oxytocin Deficiency in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disease.","authors":"Anna Aulinas, Elizabeth A Lawson","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaf008","url":null,"abstract":"Oxytocin is a hypothalamic-posterior pituitary hormone with multiple effects, ranging from regulation of energy homeostasis to bone health and psychological wellbeing, in addition to its well-known effects in labor and lactation. Patients with hypothalamic and pituitary damage have a higher risk for medical and psychiatric comorbidities despite standard-of-care hormone replacement, and a clinically relevant oxytocin deficient state has been identified in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (formerly known as central diabetes insipidus) in the last decade. Therefore, oxytocin deficiency in patients with hypothalamic and pituitary damage is an emerging field. While intranasal oxytocin is readily available to patients, it is not FDA-approved in the US and the quality of compounded formulations is unclear. In addition, more research is needed to establish safety and efficacy of oxytocin-based therapeutics in patients with hypothalamic and pituitary damage before recommending treatment. This Review summarizes the current knowledge of the oxytocin system, oxytocin deficiency in other clinical conditions and relevance to patients with hypothalamic and pituitary damage. We highlight emerging data supporting oxytocin deficiency in hypothalamic-pituitary disease, diagnostic challenges, development of therapeutic strategies, and future research directions to advance the field.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0