Endocrine reviews最新文献

The Microbiota and Evolution of Obesity. 微生物群与肥胖症的进化。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae033

Mario J A Saad, Andrey Santos

引用次数: 0

The Biology and Clinical Implications of PCSK7.

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae031

Vatsal Sachan, Delia Susan-Resiga, Kalista Lam, Nabil G Seidah

{"title":"The Biology and Clinical Implications of PCSK7.","authors":"Vatsal Sachan, Delia Susan-Resiga, Kalista Lam, Nabil G Seidah","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae031","url":null,"abstract":"Discovered in 1996, PCSK7 is the seventh of the nine-membered proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin (PCSK) family. This article reviews the various aspects of the multifaceted biology of PCSK7 and what makes it an exciting new target for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affecting ∼30% of the population globally, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and likely cancer/metastasis. We will systematically review and discuss all the available epidemiological data, structural, cell biology, and in vivo evidence that eventually led to the discovery of PCSK7 as a novel post-translational regulator of apolipoprotein B. Interestingly, PCSK7 is the only convertase, other than PCSK9, that exhibits non-canonical/non-enzymatic functions, which will be amply described in this review. The data so far suggested that PCSK7 is a potential safe target in MASLD treatment. This was based on human epidemiological data, as well as mouse Pcsk7 knockout and mRNA translation inhibition using hepatocyte-targeted antisense oligonucleotides following a diet-induced MASLD. Additionally, of all the 9 convertases only the gene deletion of Pcsk7 and/or Pcsk9 in mice leads to healthy and fertile animals with no apparent deleterious consequences, suggesting that their pharmacological targeting is likely safe. Accordingly, the synergistic effects of inhibiting both PCSK7 and PCSK9 in a clinical setting may represent a novel therapy for various diseases. We believe that the current surge in oligonucleotide therapy, with many FDA-approved oligonucleotide-based drugs now available in the clinics, and the urgent need for novel MASLD therapeutics present an opportune moment for this timely review article.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth Hormone Action as a Target in Cancer: Significance, Mechanisms and Possible Therapies. 作为癌症靶点的生长激素作用：作为癌症靶点的生长激素作用：意义、机制和可能的疗法。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae030

Reetobrata Basu, Cesar L Boguszewski, John J Kopchick

{"title":"Growth Hormone Action as a Target in Cancer: Significance, Mechanisms and Possible Therapies.","authors":"Reetobrata Basu, Cesar L Boguszewski, John J Kopchick","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae030","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone (GH) is a pituitary derived endocrine hormone required for normal post-natal growth and development. Hypo or hypersecretion of endocrine GH results in two pathologic conditions, namely GH deficiency (GHD) and acromegaly. Additionally, GH is also produced in non-pituitary and tumoral tissues where it acts rather as a cellular growth factor with an autocrine/paracrine mode of action. An increasingly persuasive and large body of evidence over the last 70 years concur that GH action is implicit in escalating several cancer-associated events, locally and systemically. This pleiotropy of GH's effects is puzzling, but the association with cancer-risk automatically raises a concern for patients with acromegaly and for individuals treated with GH. By careful assessment of the available knowledge on the fundamental concepts of cancer, suggestions from epidemiological and clinical studies, and the evidence from specific reports, in this review we aimed to help clarify the distinction of endocrine vs. autocrine/paracrine GH in promoting cancer and reconcile the discrepancies between experimental and clinical data. Along this discourse, we critically weigh the targetability of GH action in cancer - firstly by detailing the molecular mechanisms which posit GH as a critical node in tumor circuitry, and secondly, by enumerating the currently available therapeutic options targeting GH action. On the basis of our discussion, we infer that a targeted intervention on GH action in the appropriate patient population can benefit a sizeable subset of current cancer prognoses.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common and Uncommon Mouse Models of Growth Hormone Deficiency. 常见和不常见的生长激素缺乏症小鼠模型。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae017

Edward O List, Reetobrata Basu, Darlene E Berryman, Silvana Duran-Ortiz, Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno, John J Kopchick

{"title":"Common and Uncommon Mouse Models of Growth Hormone Deficiency.","authors":"Edward O List, Reetobrata Basu, Darlene E Berryman, Silvana Duran-Ortiz, Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno, John J Kopchick","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae017","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae017","url":null,"abstract":"Mouse models of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) have provided important tools for uncovering the various actions of GH. Nearly 100 years of research using these mouse lines has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the GH/IGF-1 axis. Some of the shared phenotypes of the 5 \"common\" mouse models of GHD include reduced body size, delayed sexual maturation, decreased fertility, reduced muscle mass, increased adiposity, and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Since these common mouse lines outlive their normal-sized littermates-and have protection from age-associated disease-they have become important fixtures in the aging field. On the other hand, the 12 \"uncommon\" mouse models of GHD described herein have tremendously divergent health outcomes ranging from beneficial aging phenotypes (similar to those described for the common models) to extremely detrimental features (such as improper development of the central nervous system, numerous sensory organ defects, and embryonic lethality). Moreover, advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies have led to the identification of an expanding array of genes that are recognized as causative agents to numerous rare syndromes with concomitant GHD. Accordingly, this review provides researchers with a comprehensive up-to-date collection of the common and uncommon mouse models of GHD that have been used to study various aspects of physiology and metabolism associated with multiple forms of GHD. For each mouse line presented, the closest comparable human syndromes are discussed providing important parallels to the clinic.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"818-842"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular Developments in Parasellar Tumors and Potential Therapeutic Implications. 寄生虫肿瘤的分子发展及潜在治疗意义。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae020

Paraskevi Xekouki, Vasiliki Venetsanaki, Georgios Kyriakopoulos, Krystallenia Alexandraki, Anna Angelousi, Gregory Kaltsas

{"title":"Molecular Developments in Parasellar Tumors and Potential Therapeutic Implications.","authors":"Paraskevi Xekouki, Vasiliki Venetsanaki, Georgios Kyriakopoulos, Krystallenia Alexandraki, Anna Angelousi, Gregory Kaltsas","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae020","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae020","url":null,"abstract":"The parasellar region is the anatomical area around the sella turcica that represents a crucial crossroad for important adjacent structures. Several distinct tumors can primarily originate from this area, the most common being meningiomas, gliomas, embryonal cell tumors, germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngiomas. In addition, a number of systemic and inflammatory disorders can also affect the parasellar region, most commonly involving the pituitary. These lesions have different pathologic characteristics and malignant potential according to the new World Health Organization CNS5 2021 classification. Signs and symptoms may be nonspecific and are mostly related to a mass effect on the surrounding anatomical structures and/or impairment of endocrine function, whereas the vast majority lack a secretory component. The mutational signature analysis based on advances in molecular techniques has recently enabled the identification of specific gene mutations or signaling pathway aberrations. These developments may serve as a powerful means to delineate the pathophysiology of these lesions and serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool, particularly for high-risk populations. Treatment options include surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and disease-specific medical therapy, in order to prevent recurrence or further tumor growth along with replacement of coexistent pituitary hormonal deficiencies. In this comprehensive review, we present the current state-of-the-art developments in the histopathology and molecular biology of parasellar lesions, which often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, that may be utilized by a dedicated multidisciplinary team for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of these lesions.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"880-911"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141765738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Challenges and Future Directions in the Assessment of Glucocorticoid Status. 糖皮质激素状态评估的当前挑战和未来方向。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae016

Sophie A Clarke, Pei Chia Eng, Alexander N Comninos, Katharine Lazarus, Sirazum Choudhury, Christie Tsang, Karim Meeran, Tricia M Tan, Waljit S Dhillo, Ali Abbara

{"title":"Current Challenges and Future Directions in the Assessment of Glucocorticoid Status.","authors":"Sophie A Clarke, Pei Chia Eng, Alexander N Comninos, Katharine Lazarus, Sirazum Choudhury, Christie Tsang, Karim Meeran, Tricia M Tan, Waljit S Dhillo, Ali Abbara","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae016","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae016","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are secreted in a circadian and ultradian rhythm and play a critical role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, with both excess and insufficient GC associated with adverse effects on health. Current assessment of GC status is primarily clinical, often in conjunction with serum cortisol values, which may be stimulated or suppressed depending on the GC disturbance being assessed. In the setting of extreme perturbations in cortisol levels ie, markedly low or high levels, symptoms and signs of GC dysfunction may be overt. However, when disturbances in cortisol GC status values are less extreme, such as when assessing optimization of a GC replacement regimen, signs and symptoms can be more subtle or nonspecific. Current tools for assessing GC status are best suited to identifying profound disturbances but may lack sensitivity for confirming optimal GC status. Moreover, single cortisol values do not necessarily reflect an individual's GC status, as they are subject to inter- and intraindividual variation and do not take into account the pulsatile nature of cortisol secretion, variation in binding proteins, or local tissue concentrations as dictated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, as well as GC receptor sensitivity. In the present review, we evaluate possible alternative methods for the assessment of GC status that do not solely rely on the measurement of circulating cortisol levels. We discuss the potential of changes in metabolomic profiles, micro RNA, gene expression, and epigenetic and other novel biomarkers such as growth differentiating factor 15 and osteocalcin, which could in the future aid in the objective classification of GC status.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"795-817"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease. 治疗甲状腺眼病的特普罗单抗。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae018

Shoaib Ugradar, Emil Malkhasyan, Raymond S Douglas

{"title":"Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease.","authors":"Shoaib Ugradar, Emil Malkhasyan, Raymond S Douglas","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae018","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae018","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extra thyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). It may also present in those who are hypothyroid or euthyroid. The characteristic clinical manifestations of TED, chemosis, lid swelling, proptosis, and diplopia, are driven by a combination of inflammation and extracellular matrix modification. It has recently emerged that 1 of the major drivers of this molecular signature is the overexpression of the IGF-1 receptor [IGF-1R]) on key effector cells in TED pathogenesis. The overexpression of the IGF-1R is coupled with a dysregulation of the IGF-1R axis, which links other pathways that modulate inflammation, such as fibrosis and extracellular matrix organization, in patients with TED. This overexpression is also found to persist from the acute stage into the chronic phase. Teprotumumab, a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that inhibits the IGF-1R, recently gained approval in the United States for the treatment of TED. In phase 2 and phase 3 clinical studies, teprotumumab showed efficacy in reducing inflammation, proptosis, diplopia, and burden on quality of life in patients who were treated. Postintroduction studies have confirmed the results of the phase 2 and phase 3 studies. Since 2020, more than 5800 patients have been treated with teprotumumab, and it appears to be well tolerated. The American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association have recommended it as first-line therapy for patients with moderate to severe TED who display features of proptosis and diplopia.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"843-857"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risks of Iodine Excess. 碘过量的风险。

IF 22 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae019

Seo Young Sohn, Kosuke Inoue, Connie M Rhee, Angela M Leung

{"title":"Risks of Iodine Excess.","authors":"Seo Young Sohn, Kosuke Inoue, Connie M Rhee, Angela M Leung","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae019","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endrev/bnae019","url":null,"abstract":"Iodine is a micronutrient that is required for thyroid hormone synthesis. The iodide cycle in thyroid hormone synthesis consists of a series of transport, oxidation, organification, and binding/coupling steps in thyroid follicular cells. Common sources of iodine include the consumption of an iodine-rich diet or iodine-fortified foods, the administration of amiodarone, iodine-containing supplements, or iodinated contrast media, and other miscellaneous sources. Methods to assess population iodine status include the measurement of urinary iodine concentrations, blood thyroglobulin levels, prevalence of elevated neonatal thyrotropin levels, and thyroid volume. Although excessive iodine intake or exposure is generally well tolerated, an acute iodine load may result in thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) in certain susceptible individuals due to the failure to escape from the Wolff-Chaikoff effect and to the Jod-Basedow phenomenon, respectively. In this review, we discuss the associations between excessive iodine intake or exposure, with particular focus on iodinated contrast media as a common source of excess iodine in health care settings, and risks of incident thyroid dysfunction. We also summarize the risks of iodine excess in vulnerable populations and review current guidelines regarding the screening and monitoring of iodinated contrast-induced thyroid dysfunction. Finally, we discuss the long-term potential nonthyroidal health risks associated with iodine excess and suggest the need for more data to define safe upper limits for iodine intake, particularly in high-risk populations.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"858-879"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exogenous Opioids and the Human Endocrine System: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. 外源性阿片类药物与人体内分泌系统：内分泌学会科学声明。

IF 20.3 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae023

Niki Karavitaki,Jeffrey J Bettinger,Nienke Biermasz,Mirjam Christ-Crain,Monica R Gadelha,Warrick J Inder,Elena Tsourdi,Sarah E Wakeman,Maria Zatelli

{"title":"Exogenous Opioids and the Human Endocrine System: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.","authors":"Niki Karavitaki,Jeffrey J Bettinger,Nienke Biermasz,Mirjam Christ-Crain,Monica R Gadelha,Warrick J Inder,Elena Tsourdi,Sarah E Wakeman,Maria Zatelli","doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnae023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae023","url":null,"abstract":"The use and misuse of opioids are a growing global problem. Although the effects of these drugs on the human endocrine system have been studied for decades, attention on their related clinical consequences, particularly on the hypothalamic-pituitary system and bone health, has intensified over recent years. This Statement appraises research data related to the impact of opioids on the gonadal and adrenal function. Whereas hypogonadism is well recognized as a side effect of opioids, the significance of their inhibitory actions on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and the occurrence of clinically relevant adrenal insufficiency is not fully elucidated. The often-inconsistent results of studies investigating how opioids affect the secretion of GH, prolactin, arginine vasopressin, and oxytocin are assessed. The accumulating evidence of opioid actions on bone metabolism and their negative sequelae on bone mineral density and risk of fracture are also reviewed. In each section, available data on diagnostic and management approaches for opioid endocrine sequelae are described. This Statement highlights a plethora of gaps in research associated with the effects and clinical consequences of opioids on the endocrine system. It is anticipated that addressing these gaps will improve the care of people using or misusing opioids worldwide. The Statement is not intended to serve as a guideline or dictate treatment decisions.","PeriodicalId":11544,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine reviews","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Insulin-like Growth Factor System and Aging. 胰岛素样生长因子系统与衰老

IF 20.3 1区医学

Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae029

Cheryl A Conover,Claus Oxvig

引用次数: 0