Emerging Contaminants最新文献

{"title":"Individual and combined effects of dichlorvos and nano-polystyrene on oxidative stress and biochemical parameters in the freshwater fish Barbus sharpeyi","authors":"Maryam Hossinian ,&nbsp;Mahdi Banaee ,&nbsp;Behzad Nematdoost Haghi ,&nbsp;Amin Gholamhosseini ,&nbsp;Cristiana Roberta Multisanti ,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the individual and combined toxic effects of dichlorvos and nano-polystyrene (PS-NPS) on oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemical parameters in the freshwater fish <em>Barbus sharpeyi</em>. A total of 540 fish were allocated to nine treatment groups in a 3 × 3 factorial design with triplicate tanks. Fish were exposed for 21 days to sub-lethal concentrations of dichlorvos (0, 5, and 10 μg/L) and PS-NPS (0, 50, and 100 μg/L). Dichlorvos exposure significantly altered enzymatic activities, whereas PS-NPS exerted milder effects; however, co-exposure revealed pronounced synergistic interactions. Notably, dichlorvos and PS-NPS, alone or combined, reduced butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity. Their combined exposure also decreased total protein, albumin, and globulin, while elevating glucose and creatinine levels. Significant alterations were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glutathione (GSH) across fish tissues. Dichlorvos alone enhanced SOD, GPx, and GR in hepatocytes but reduced GSH and increased MDA. In gills, all treatments suppressed antioxidant defenses and elevated MDA, whereas co-exposure in kidneys increased both antioxidant enzymes and MDA while reducing GSH. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the co-accumulation of dichlorvos and PS-NPS in the liver, where combined exposure induced synergistic structural damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Overall, these findings highlight the heightened toxicity of pollutant mixtures compared to individual exposures, underscoring the need to consider combined contaminant effects in aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of polyamide nanofiltration membranes with varied active layer chemistry for treating pharmaceuticals of emerging concern from saline water","authors":"Umair Baig ,&nbsp;Hassan Younas ,&nbsp;Shehzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani ,&nbsp;Abdul Waheed ,&nbsp;Isam H. Aljundi","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent emergence of pollutants of concern in the water bodies is becoming a challenge for the water treatment community. In such a scenario, the deployment of the polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) has proved to be a successful solution. Hence, the current study focused on applying a set of PA NF membranes for their potential to treat saline water containing organic pharmaceutical pollutants of emerging concern. The membranes have a varied active layer chemistry owing to the use of a set of aliphatic amines of varying chain lengths during interfacial polymerization (IP). Five membranes, ranging from M1 to M5 [<strong>M1</strong> (2 % w/v PIP + 0.15 % w/v TMC), <strong>M2</strong> (1.8 % w/v PIP and 0.2 % w/v EDA+ 0.15 % w/v TMC), <strong>M3</strong> (1.8 % w/v PIP and 0.2 % w/v DETA + 0.15 % w/v TMC), <strong>M4</strong> (1.8 % w/v PIP and 0.2 % w/v BAEP + 0.15 % w/v TMC), and <strong>M5</strong> (1.8 % w/v PIP and 0.2 % w/v TEPA+ 0.15 % w/v TMC)], were fabricated, exhibiting varied physical and chemical features, including different surface charges, roughness, and wettability. The M4 membrane was found to be the best-performing membrane for rejecting the majority of pharmaceutical pollutant drugs and having higher permeate flux compared to other membranes. The M4 membrane has an entirely different surface morphology of larger-sized PA globules observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the M4 membrane. In addition, the M4 membrane possessed a hydrophilic surface with a water contact angle of 24.5°, resulting in higher clean water permeability compared to other membranes. It was observed that the rejection of the pharmaceutical pollutant drugs was mainly governed by size exclusion, augmented by the Donnan effect, where the positively charged drugs were rejected almost entirely by the membranes. The M4 membrane rejected 66.9 % of 4-hydroxyacetanilide, 82.0 % of sulfamethoxazole, 96.9 % of caffeine, and &gt;99 % of amitriptyline and ranolazine, where amitriptyline and ranolazine have positive charges. The presence of monovalent and divalent salts affected the rejection of the drugs, where the rejection of the drugs increased with increasing concentration of the salts. Moreover, the long-term stability tests revealed that the membranes exhibited stable rejection performance and a stable permeate flux, with only slight variations. The ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses confirmed rejection of drugs from the water. This study demonstrated that variations in the chemistry of the PA active layer can yield promising membranes for removing organic pharmaceutical pollutants from saline water bodies, enabling safe reuse of treated water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the migration characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in waste activated sludge from four distinct industrial wastewaters","authors":"Guotao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaoqiong Chen ,&nbsp;Hongmei Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongjun Huang ,&nbsp;Siyu Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The harmless treatment of industrial wastewater WAS (waste activated sludge) is a critical issue related to public health, in which understanding the occurrence and transfer characteristics of ARGs (antibiotic resistance genes) is urgent. Given the significant variations across different industries, ARGs transfer risks tend to differ substantially. To comparatively analyze the above issues and then proposed targeted management strategies, this study therefore selected WAS from four representative industrial sectors: pesticide factory (PF), traditional Chinese medicine factory (TCMF), canned meat processing factory (CMPF), and chemical industrial factory (CF). Results demonstrated these four WAS types could be classified into two groups for tailored management: PF and CF, TCMF and CMPF. All four WAS contained various organic compounds, with PF and CF may showing relatively higher toxicity, which inhibited microbial growth and reduced relative abundance of ARGs carriage. However, MGE (mobile genetic elements) were enriched, thereby promoting horizontal transfer of ARGs. Conversely, TCMF and CMPF provided conditions for microbial proliferation, generating more virulence factors and carrying higher ARGs relative loads. Vertical transfer maybe the dominate ARGs transfer pathway in these WAS, followed by conjugation. Above results demonstrated that subsequent WAS treatment should adopt category-specific, integrated technological approaches: PF and CF required thorough organic degradation coupled with MGE suppression in PF and plasmid inactivation in CF, while TCMF and CMPF necessitated complete microbial inactivation and CMPF needed augment the inhibition of biofilm formation. This tailored strategy provided an insight into ARGs control for advancing industrial WAS harmless treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the greenhouse: The spread of plastic pollution from an intensively cultivated agricultural area","authors":"Marina Nuñez-Rubio ,&nbsp;Carlos Edo ,&nbsp;Virginia Gálvez-Blanca ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Valenzuela-Lázaro ,&nbsp;Gerardo Pulido-Reyes ,&nbsp;Miguel González-Pleiter ,&nbsp;Luis Fernández-García-del-Rincón ,&nbsp;Francisco Leganés ,&nbsp;Francisca Fernández-Piñas ,&nbsp;Roberto Rosal","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the many sources of plastic contamination, greenhouse agriculture is a major contributor due to its intensive use of plastic materials. This study examines plastic waste in one of the world's leading greenhouse farming regions. The research included both abiotic (soil, freshwater, seawater, and air) and biotic compartments (invertebrates, herbivores, fish and predators) as well as the presence of bacterial and fungal pathogens colonizing agricultural plastics. Plastics were identified in all sampled compartments, including the nearshore seawater. The highest concentrations were recorded along the coastline, where 1397 plastic items representing 15 different polymers were found with a median concentration of 1.92 (1.73–2.13) items/m² or 3.05 (2.29–3.81) g/m², the boundaries representing interquartile ranges. Most of the polymers identified across all compartments matched those found in agricultural operations in terms of morphology, type, and colour. Notably, high plastic concentration appeared in protected areas, indicating that legal protection alone does not prevent pollution. Greenhouse plastics were especially prevalent in the protected zones near the greenhouse area, rather than in the nearby urban zones, which can be explained by the proximity of agricultural exploitations. We estimated that approximately 290 kg of plastic, including 80 kg of polyethylene, were dispersed along the coast, a figure representing about one-tenth of the plastic waste generated annually in the production zone. Our results also revealed that agricultural plastic waste may act as vector and reservoir of bacterial and fungal pathogens, promoting their spread even into protected environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial diversity in western Hainan's inshore seawaters: A seasonal study","authors":"Chi Yang ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Qin ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Ardavan Farhadi ,&nbsp;Sai Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Diao ,&nbsp;Jia Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become one of the threats to human health worldwide. In this study, SmartChip real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and qPCR was employed to quantify the ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) at 24 sampling sites of western Hainan. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was utilized to analyze the structure of microbial communities. The correlation among ARGs, environmental factors, MGEs, and microbial diversity was analyzed to elucidate the distribution, possible sources, and potential hosts of ARGs during the dry and rainy seasons. The results showed that 122 ARG species with a 93.85 % detection rate and 13 MGE species with a 100 % detection in the inshore waters of western Hainan during the dry and rainy seasons. The absolute abundance of ARGs and MGEs was higher during the dry seasons compared to the rainy seasons. Among these, aminoglycoside resistance genes exhibited the highest absolute abundance during the dry season, followed by MLSB resistance genes, while peptide resistance genes demonstrated the lowest abundance. During the rainy season, the absolute abundance of aminoglycoside resistance genes is the highest, followed by sulfonamides resistance genes, while peptide resistance genes remain the least abundant. ARGs were significantly correlated with MGEs, suggesting that MGEs may mediate the horizontal transfer and spread of ARGs. Environmental factor analyses showed that Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and total phosphorus play a key role in affecting the spatial distribution of ARGs. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes are the core microorganisms during the dry and rainy seasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro metabolites characterization of 1,3-diphenylguanidine and 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine by high-resolution mass spectrometry and urinary profiling","authors":"Andrea Estévez-Danta,&nbsp;Iago Riveiro,&nbsp;María Lage-Díaz,&nbsp;José Benito Quintana,&nbsp;Rosa Montes,&nbsp;Rosario Rodil","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery of the hazardous effects associated with the polymer additives 1,3-diphenyl guanidine (DPG) and 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) has prompted the need for biomonitoring studies to detect human exposure. However, limited information is available about their metabolism. To address this gap, this study investigates the Phase I and II <em>in-vitro</em> biotransformation of both chemicals using human liver microsomes and cytosol. The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution-(tandem) mass spectrometry through suspect (of <em>in-silico</em> predicted metabolites) and non-target screening. The analysis revealed four Phase I and two Phase II metabolic products for both DPG and DTG. Hydroxylation of the benzene ring led to the tentative identification of mono- and di-hydroxylated metabolites. Subsequent Phase I deamination followed by oxidation resulted in the formation of hydroxy-phenylurea and an intramolecular cyclization resulted in the formation of hydroxy-cyclic products. Furthermore, N-glucuronidation and O-glucuronidation products were identified for the first time. After performing urinalysis, DPG and DTG could be quantified in the 0.02–0.23 μg L⁻¹ range, and DPG-227 (mono-hydroxylated DPG) was estimated to be present at ca. 0.01–0.10 μg L⁻¹ range, using DPG response as quantification surrogate. Finally, toxicity assessment using an <em>in-silico</em> tool indicated the need to consider these human metabolites in (eco)toxicological assessments, as they may have the same or even greater effects on humans and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial interaction mechanisms between sediment-microplastics heterogeneous particulate matter (HPM) and cadmium (Cd) in saline environment","authors":"Yun Li ,&nbsp;Zhihe Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As microplastics enter aquatic environments, it remains unclear whether interfacial interactions between heterogeneous particulate matter (HPM, co-existing sediment and microplastics) and heavy metals in saline waters follow the same mechanisms as single particles, and how these interactions affect metal mobility and ecological risk. This study elucidates the interfacial mechanisms between HPM and cadmium (Cd) under various salinity conditions, highlighting the critical role of microplastics within HPM. Results show that: (1) 5 PSU and 15 PSU serve as critical salinity thresholds influencing interfacial interactions–low salinity (&lt;5 PSU) enhances surface properties, promoting rapid initial adsorption (0–30 min) but limited retention, whereas high salinity (&gt;15 PSU) significantly inhibits Cd adsorption; (2) Microplastics increase the salinity sensitivity of aquatic systems by modifying interfacial interaction to enhance the inhibitory effect, with maximum inhibition rate (IR = 41.29 %) observed at 7.5 PSU; (3) Salinity influence function (<em>F</em>_s), according to the salinity divergence coefficient (SDC), accurately characterizes the salinity effect and the microplastics contribution to Cd adsorption on HPM (<em>R</em>² = 0.92), supporting robust predictors of heavy metal fate. These findings offer theoretical insight into heavy metal transport in salt-affected aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of brominated flame retardants and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in eggs and contamination sources","authors":"Jindrich Petrlik ,&nbsp;Lee Bell ,&nbsp;Joseph DiGangi ,&nbsp;Aileen Lucero ,&nbsp;Gilbert Kuepouo ,&nbsp;Griffins Ochieng Ochola ,&nbsp;Nikola Jelinek ,&nbsp;Miroslava Jopkova ,&nbsp;Jana Pulkrabova ,&nbsp;Tomas Gramblicka ,&nbsp;Martin Skalsky ,&nbsp;Yuyun Ismawati ,&nbsp;Eric Akortia ,&nbsp;Sam Adu-Kumi ,&nbsp;Penchom Saetang ,&nbsp;Thitikorn Boontongmai ,&nbsp;Maria Carcamo ,&nbsp;Bjorn Beeler ,&nbsp;Peter Behnisch ,&nbsp;Christine Herold ,&nbsp;Roland Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100567","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The data on the concentrations of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in eggs from free-range chickens were reviewed and compiled including assignment to major sources. The highest levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and PBDD/Fs in pooled eggs from free-range chickens were detected at sites where e-waste was burned, near waste incineration, metallurgical facilities and at landfills/dumps. The PBDD/F pattern indicated that PBDEs and Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are the major sources for PBDD/F contamination in the eggs. Dioxin bio-assays like the DR CALUX are useful to screen for total dioxin toxicity (PCDD/Fs, dl-PCB, PBDD/Fs and mixed polybrominated-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PXDD/Fs)). The robust and cheap bioassay approach is currently the only method which also quantifies the dioxin-like toxicity of the complex group of PXDD/Fs where instrumental analysis cannot quantify the dioxin toxicity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A major source of human exposure to BFRs is eggs from chickens that have pecked particles from e-waste plastics or other waste/products treated with BFRs. When chickens ingest plastic particles containing contaminants, the latter are transferred to their eggs. This is similar to what has been documented for sea birds. The BFRs listed as persistent organic pollutants (POP) with the highest level detected were PBDEs and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD). HBCDD is mainly contained in expanded and extruded polystyrene (EPS/XPS) which can be easily pecked by chickens. This was likely the reason for several HBCDD contaminated eggs above 1000 ng/g fat and up to 18,321 ng/g fat. EPS/XPS insulation which contain 90 % of all HBCDD formerly produced (∼640,000 tonnes in ∼42 million tonnes of EPS/XPS) is partly also used as insulation in henhouses and other parts of farms and private houses. Since chickens like to peck at and eat the soft polymer, this can be a relevant exposure source. A wide range of novel BFRs (nBFR) were detected in chicken eggs. The nBFR with the highest levels and frequency detected was 1,2-Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE). BTBPE was often found in eggs in the monitoring of the International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN) with levels frequently above 10 ng/kg fat and three samples above 100 ng/g fat, up to 221 ng/g fat. DBDPE was also frequently detected in eggs with a maximum concentration of 2077 ng/g fat at the sites where plastic waste is used as fuel in boilers/incinerators. Also, hexabromobenzene (HBBz) was frequently detected in eggs above 0.1 ng/g fat with highest level of 30.3 ng HBBz/g fat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Recommendations for controlling BFR and PBDD/F exposure of chicken and eggs are provided including the listing of PBDD/F and PXDD/F in the Stockholm Convention, the better control of plastic containing BFRs including the prohibition of exports of e-waste and plastic wastes to developing countries, better control and ","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co(II)/peracetic acid process enables efficient dichlorophenol degradation with negligible regulated chlorinated disinfection byproducts formation","authors":"Longjiong Chen,&nbsp;Shaogui Yang,&nbsp;Hui Cao,&nbsp;Leliang Wu,&nbsp;Chengyu Yan,&nbsp;Linlin Hou,&nbsp;Chengdu Qi,&nbsp;Huan He","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a refractory toxic and bioaccumulative emerging contaminant, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly water treatment processes to destroy 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP). The present study evaluated the degradation of 2,6-DCP and regulated chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation in the Co(II)/peracetic acid (PAA) process. The findings demonstrated that the neutral Co(II)/PAA process exhibited a remarkable 2,6-DCP degradation efficiency with a rate constant of 0.126 min⁻¹. Furthermore, an increase in the PAA or Co(II) dosage led to higher degradation efficiency. Scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance analysis identified that CH₃C(O)OO^• and derived Cl^• were responsible for 2,6-DCP degradation. Furthermore, H₂O₂, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, H₂PO₄⁻, and suwannee river natural organic matter (SRNOM) inhibited 2,6-DCP degradation. Satisfactory 2,6-DCP degradation performance (over 70.0 %) was obtained in three selected real water matrices. The degradation pathways, elucidated by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer analysis and quantum chemical calculations, involved dechlorination, hydroxylation, and benzene ring cleavage. In addition, the ecological structure–activity relationships assessment showed that the overall toxicity was reduced. Finally, SRNOM had no substantial influence on CHCl₃ formation pattern, whereas elevated SRNOM concentrations were associated with diminished levels of CHCl₃. In summary, this study provided new insights into the 2,6-DCP degradation mechanisms and regulated chlorinated DBPs formation in the PAA based advanced oxidation process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brake wear particles from various temperatures: emission characteristics, generation processes and evolutions","authors":"Yachao Wang ,&nbsp;Aihong Li ,&nbsp;Hang Yin ,&nbsp;Sheng Su ,&nbsp;Yitu Lai ,&nbsp;Wanyi Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Tan ,&nbsp;Lijun Hao ,&nbsp;Shijin Shuai ,&nbsp;Yunshan Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brake particle emissions are receiving global attention and are a major focus in the Euro 7 and China 7 regulations. Based on a 1/5 scale brake dynamometer, this study investigated the brake particle emissions from NAO-cast iron brake assemblies under various temperatures (350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C). Particles with the size of 1∼10 μm (PL1) were analyzed. In low temperature single brakes, PL1 emissions exhibited a sharp initial increase followed by a gradual decline due to the absence and subsequent formation of secondary plateaus, where the contribution of particles at 8–10 μm decreased as braking progressed. Under high IBT (initial brake temperature) conditions, multiple PL1 spikes occurred within a single brake, driven by the dynamic formation and rupture of secondary plateaus. The rupture was influenced by reduced adhesive strength and thermal degradation-induced gases. The relative standard deviation of average PL1 concentrations stabilized at 7.90 %–16.38 % under thermally stable conditions, yet the average PL1 concentrations varied with thermally stable temperatures, leading to different emissions even under identical braking conditions. Increasing IBT from 25 °C to 100 °C amplified PL1 spikes by 2–10 times due to weakened mechanical strength and reduced actual contact area. Additionally, high-temperature pretreatment further elevated PL1 emissions by 2–5 times, promoting abrasive wear and increasing the contribution of particles at 5–10 μm. These findings provided new insight into the brake particle emission characteristics under continuous high-temperature brakes and the underlying reasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}