2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Effect of Process Parameters on AZ91/SiC Surface Composites for Lightweight E-vehicles 工艺参数对轻量化电动汽车用AZ91/SiC表面复合材料的影响
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924699
R. Marode, S. R. Pedapati, T. Lemma
{"title":"Effect of Process Parameters on AZ91/SiC Surface Composites for Lightweight E-vehicles","authors":"R. Marode, S. R. Pedapati, T. Lemma","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924699","url":null,"abstract":"High specific strength, superior damping capability, and excellent specific stiffness make magnesium and its alloys a great alternative for usage in the automotive and transportation industries, particularly for electric cars. The AZ91 is a desirable option among magnesium alloys for different applications due to its superior casting qualities.; however, the main obstacles to their widespread usage are their poor surface qualities and lack of corrosion resistance. Thus, the current study aims to enhance surface strength by fabricating AZ91/SiC surface composites. Friction stir processing (FSP) is utilized to refine the microstructures and fabricate the surface composites without introducing any intrinsic flaws. Tool Rotational Speed (TRS), Tool Traverse Speed (TTS), Tool Pin length (PL), and Plunge Depth (PD) were chosen as parameters to investigate their effect on processed materials. Range of 5001500rpm and 20-60 mm/min of TRS and TTS were found to be effective respectively. It was discovered that PL of 3 mm with 3.3 mm PD was successful in producing surface composites with no flaws. The microstructure of the composite band lowers the granule size from $70 mu mathrm{m}$ to $10 mu mathrm{m}$. Subsequently, the strengthening mechanism was attributed to the enhancement of hardness and achieved 15% higher than that of BM.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115221441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Open Source OPC UA Data Traffic Characteristic and Anomaly Detection using Image-Encoding based Convolutional Neural Network 基于图像编码的卷积神经网络的开源OPC UA数据流量特性和异常检测
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925002
Helmy Rahadian, Steven Bandong, A. Widyotriatmo, E. Joelianto
{"title":"Open Source OPC UA Data Traffic Characteristic and Anomaly Detection using Image-Encoding based Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Helmy Rahadian, Steven Bandong, A. Widyotriatmo, E. Joelianto","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925002","url":null,"abstract":"The development of OT and IT technology and industrial growth requires the design of automation systems that can accommodate scalability and interoperability between devices. OPC UA is a communication protocol that bridges data exchange between devices using different communication platforms and protocols. OPC UA can also connect devices between levels in automation pyramids. As an open platform, open-source OPC UAs such as open62541, OpenOPCUA, and FreeOpcUa is currently being developed by several developer communities. Implementing open-source OPC UA is an attractive option if cost is a significant consideration. However, the primary purpose of implementing OPC UA is to communicate or exchange information effectively and reliably; information about the characteristics and performance of open-source OPC is needed before designing a particular open-source OPC-based automation system platform. This paper utilized FreeOpcUa, a Python OPC UA library, to determine communication traffic features between client and server and perform anomaly detection on the traffic. The results showed that when all clients read server data simultaneously, there was duplication (up to 9%) and loss (up to 5%) of some data packets. Otherwise, the server could read all clients’ transmitted data. Anomaly detection testing with an image-encoding CNN also showed promising results, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score values approaching one.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127254948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental of Heat Generation on Electric Motorcycle NMC and LiFePO4 Battery Pack 电动摩托车NMC和LiFePO4电池组的产热实验
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924981
J.F. Arifwardana, I.P Rushadiawan, D. Tjahjana, M. Nizam, M. Putra, Inayati
{"title":"Experimental of Heat Generation on Electric Motorcycle NMC and LiFePO4 Battery Pack","authors":"J.F. Arifwardana, I.P Rushadiawan, D. Tjahjana, M. Nizam, M. Putra, Inayati","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924981","url":null,"abstract":"The electric motorcycle is one type of transportation that is suitable for urban activities. Electric motorcycles use batteries as an energy storage component to store electrical energy. Lithium-ion batteries are generally used as the battery packs used in electric motorcycles. There are various types of lithium batteries that have different characteristics and performances. In general, electric motorcycle use batteries with small dimensions and have a high energy density such as the NMC type, or batteries with a high number of cycles such as the LiFePO4 type battery. The different batteries will produce different heat characteristics, with an optimal working temperature of 15-35 C. When the battery is used there will be an increase in temperature due to chemical reactions that occur in the battery cells. This paper will further discuss the characteristics of the battery pack when used at different temperatures in real use. The use of different types of batteries has different characteristics when facing an increase in temperature. NMC batteries have faster SOC reduction and higher heat generation compared to LFP.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129332207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Li-Ion Battery Pack Performance Air Cooling Battery Compartment on a Swappable Battery of Electric Motorcycle 电动摩托车可换电池的锂离子电池组性能分析
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924957
I.P Rushadiawan, J.F. Arifwardana, D. Tjahjana, M. Nizam, M. Putra, Inayati
{"title":"Analysis of Li-Ion Battery Pack Performance Air Cooling Battery Compartment on a Swappable Battery of Electric Motorcycle","authors":"I.P Rushadiawan, J.F. Arifwardana, D. Tjahjana, M. Nizam, M. Putra, Inayati","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924957","url":null,"abstract":"Battery development has evolved. One of the potential problems encountered is the presence of thermal runaway that occurs in the cell battery. When thermal runaway occurs, it will spread to the surrounding battery. There are various causes of thermal runaway, one of the most common is an increase in temperature that exceeds the optimal allowable limit. Additional cooling will be required in vehicles running on batteries. Battery performance needs to be maintained at a conditioned temperature-temperature settings will be useful to maintain battery pack life. The obstacle encountered in setting the battery pack temperature on electric motorcycles is the application of the swap method on the battery and the limited space for the electric motorcycle. The use of a compartment with a cooler will be a solution to keep the battery temperature at an optimal working temperature (less than 35C). The use of air conditioning in the swap-type battery compartment can maintain battery performance up to 12% better than without coolers.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114526921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Preliminary Design to Overcome Range Anxiety in Indonesia Using the Quest Motors Electric Vehicles Ecosystem 使用Quest Motors电动汽车生态系统克服印度尼西亚里程焦虑的初步设计
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924668
Niko Questera, M. V. G. Aziz, A. Purwadi
{"title":"Preliminary Design to Overcome Range Anxiety in Indonesia Using the Quest Motors Electric Vehicles Ecosystem","authors":"Niko Questera, M. V. G. Aziz, A. Purwadi","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924668","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of electric vehicles in Indonesia is still not growing fast. One reason is that users have a range of anxiety about an electric vehicle because of the lack of places to charge or swap the batteries. Besides that, there is still a debate about whether using a charging station or a battery swap station is best. We must look at this problem from various points of view, including demography, geography, culture, and its impact on the socio-economy. We developed a preliminary ecosystem design of electric vehicles per demographics, geography, culture, and local problems in Indonesia. Our goal is to build this ecosystem with capital that is not large but has maximum benefits. Battery swap requires us to invest a lot of battery packs and the risk of damage to the pack. The charging station also requires us to invest in a place that is not cheap. We propose a mobile charger station, that patrols a zone, and is on-demand via an application. Moreover, it provides PLN electricity plugs (already everywhere) at hotspots, cafes, and other places. This solution at least has a smaller investment value of up to 10% and also, results in charging locations everywhere, which indirectly solves the problem of range anxiety in electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129523598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Finite Element Analysis of LATP Solid Electrolyte under Compressive Loading 压缩载荷作用下LATP固体电解质的有限元分析
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925014
Fahmi Muzaki, S. Zulaikah, B. Budiman
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of LATP Solid Electrolyte under Compressive Loading","authors":"Fahmi Muzaki, S. Zulaikah, B. Budiman","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925014","url":null,"abstract":"Solid state battery (SSB) is potentially favorably as energy storage for electric vehicles because of the higher energy density offered and the use of solid electrolytes with good thermal resistance that solve the safety problems induced by fluid electrolytes. However, cracks that appear during charge-discharge cycling on the SSB have not been cleared up by this recent development and ended up affecting the battery performance. This crack arises from high compressive loading cycles by the volume change of the anode and cathode during lithiation/delithiation, in which the crack propagation can affect the conductivity of solid electrolyte ions. Therefore, this study aims to determine and analyze the effect of compressive loading on the cracking of solid electrolytes toward ionic conductivity. The research was carried out by giving a compressive load of 0.15 MPa to $mathrm{L}mathrm{i}_{1.3}mathrm{A}1_{0.3}mathrm{T}mathrm{i}_{1.7}(mathrm{P}mathrm{O}_{4})_{3}$ (LATP) solid electrolyte. A Cohesive Zone Element is applied to the grain boundaries of LATP solid electrolyte to simulate the cracking process. The result was analyzed and showed that ionic conductivity increases under compressive loading but was expected to decrease when the crack appears.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132124199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Welding Joint Quality Simulation of Bus Frame Using Finite Element Method 客车车架焊接接头质量有限元模拟
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924698
D. Satrijo, O. Kurdi, I. Haryanto, I. Yulianti, Y. A. Wijaya, Maharsi Anung Kesawasidhi
{"title":"Welding Joint Quality Simulation of Bus Frame Using Finite Element Method","authors":"D. Satrijo, O. Kurdi, I. Haryanto, I. Yulianti, Y. A. Wijaya, Maharsi Anung Kesawasidhi","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924698","url":null,"abstract":"Many parts of the bus frame were connected by joint welding. These welded joints must be strong enough to ensure the safety of passengers when the bus overturns during an accident. To ensure the strength of this welded joint, it is necessary to test the joint. Testing can be done by experimenting directly on the connection or it can also be done by simulation using commercial software. Tests carried out must refer to standards that have been recognized by the international community. In this paper, a simulation will be conducted to test the strength of welded joints using the finite element method concerning the UN-ECE R66 standard. The tests carried out on the bus frame are located at 3 points, namely: the frame, wall frame, and bus roof frame. In the experiment, the object is given a force in the direction of a certain axis for a determined period until the object or object is deformed until a fracture occurs. The maximum stress value obtained at the stress point is used as data for the feasibility of the bus roll test to operate. Tests were carried out experimentally and by simulation using the finite element method. The test result shows that the fracture did not occur at the welded joint both for experimental and simulation. It means that the welded joint is strong enough when the bus overturns during the accident","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127753647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Performance Analysis and Design of 250 Watt Outer Rotor BLDC Motor for Urban Electric Bicycles 城市电动自行车用250瓦外转子无刷直流电机性能分析与设计
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925011
Adzhani Zalfa Aliyadin, A. Purwadi, S. Hidayat
{"title":"Performance Analysis and Design of 250 Watt Outer Rotor BLDC Motor for Urban Electric Bicycles","authors":"Adzhani Zalfa Aliyadin, A. Purwadi, S. Hidayat","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9925011","url":null,"abstract":"This research is carried out related to the winding design of a BLDC motor for electric bicycles. Using a Bafang BLDC hub motor as a reference motor, which has 18 slot-20 pole configurations, a reverse-engineering process is carried out to obtain a more optimal design. An analysis is done related to the effect of each winding parameter on motor performance. Based on this analysis and the criteria for e-bike BLDC, a winding design is proposed. The design criteria for electric bicycles BLDC are determined by the needs of the rider, government regulations, and physical limitations. The proposed design is compared with the reference design regarding its performance. Finally, an analysis of the magnetic flux distribution was carried out for the proposed design. Based on the experiment, it was found that the proposed design has better performance than the reference design. It was found that the proposed design has the ability to generate 250 watts of constant power for a wider speed range and has higher efficiency.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122633245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
3D Printed Polymer Core and Carbon Fiber Skin Sandwich Composite: An Alternative Material and Process for Electric Vehicles Customization 3D打印聚合物芯和碳纤维皮三明治复合材料:电动汽车定制的替代材料和工艺
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924696
Muhammad Ridlwan, Nur Muhammad Syafi’i, Faisal Arif Nurgesang, Rahmat Riza
{"title":"3D Printed Polymer Core and Carbon Fiber Skin Sandwich Composite: An Alternative Material and Process for Electric Vehicles Customization","authors":"Muhammad Ridlwan, Nur Muhammad Syafi’i, Faisal Arif Nurgesang, Rahmat Riza","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924696","url":null,"abstract":"3D Printing is a promising technology that can create a product quickly. It is good to create products in small quantities with a high degree of geometry complexity. However, its mechanical properties are relatively low. On the other hand, composite technology offers the ability to create a product with relatively large dimensions, and a high strength-to-weight ratio, and can be designed according to its application. In a large dimensional composite product, to add their bending rigidity properties, a core layer such as a honeycomb is used; it is called a sandwich composite. Making composite products in small numbers such as product modification or customization is relatively expensive in terms of material, labor, and processing time. The process begins with designing, making patterns, making molds, fabricating, and finishing products. In this study, a breakthrough in making sandwich composite can eliminate those steps. The result of this study showed that the bending rigidity properties of the sandwich composite were influenced by the mechanical properties of the core, core dimensions, and the parameters of the 3D printing process. Considering the advantages of geometry complexity, the advantages of mechanical properties, and the flexibility of composite, sandwich composites are suitable for modification or customization of electric vehicle components.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114879164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Suspension Spring Rate on Body Roll of Sports Car Using Multi-Body Dynamics Method 基于多体动力学方法的跑车车身侧倾悬架弹簧率分析
2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924805
I. Haryanto, O. Kurdi, T. Prahasto, M. Yob, Ian Yulianti, Mush'Ab
{"title":"Analysis of Suspension Spring Rate on Body Roll of Sports Car Using Multi-Body Dynamics Method","authors":"I. Haryanto, O. Kurdi, T. Prahasto, M. Yob, Ian Yulianti, Mush'Ab","doi":"10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVT55516.2022.9924805","url":null,"abstract":"The suspension system was created to reduce the shock received from the contours of the road surface and absorb the forces due to vehicle dynamics including when it is cornered. When the vehicle corners, there is a load transfer that causes the vehicle to lean towards the outside of the corner or commonly called body roll. The body roll that occurs affects the ride and performance of the vehicle. In this study, an analysis of the effect of the spring rate of suspension spring on sports car body roll will be carried out using the Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) method to produce output in the form of roll angle, roll rate, and roll center. The types of MBD analysis used are Static Roll Analysis and Step Steer Analysis in Altair MotionView software. The reference vehicle used is a Toyota 86 sports car with variations in the spring rate of suspension springs of 59, 70, and 78 N/mm. From the tests carried out, the results were obtained that the greater the spring rate value of a suspension spring, the less body roll behavior will occur so that the vehicle is more stable when cornering.","PeriodicalId":115017,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT)","volume":"30 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115505676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信