Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Erosion dynamics in carbonate bedrock channels inhibit weathering processes","authors":"Elizabeth H. Dingle,&nbsp;Edwin R. C. Baynes,&nbsp;Alex Hall,&nbsp;Jeff Warburton","doi":"10.1002/esp.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interplay of rock weathering and erosion processes controls the erodibility of bedrock. Existing models of these processes in bedrock river channels have been developed using observations largely from silicate lithologies, neglecting the effects of the dissolution of soluble carbonate minerals. Here, we present a study of rock erodibility in two limestone bedrock channels in the North Pennines, UK. Patterns in rock erodibility were assessed using Schmidt hammer surveys conducted in 12 cross-sections and were analysed alongside calculations of bedrock inundation interval, observations of sediment transport from bedload impact plates and long-term estimates of limestone dissolution rates from environmental data. Results show that erosion via dissolution can result in similar patterns of rock erodibility observed in silicate channels where erosion outpaces weathering. Bedrock inundation interval is a key control on bedrock erodibility, although to a lesser degree than channels in silicate lithologies. Where the channel margin is not regularly inundated by flow, weathering processes which weaken the rock are still present but may be locally offset by dissolution driven by soil seepage of low pH runoff which erodes weathered material. Furthermore, we do not always observe the expected impacts of weathering and erosion on channel geometry, with channel geometry seemingly more sensitive to the availability of abrasive tools (sediment supply). Long-term estimates of abrasion and dissolution rate are broadly equivalent at our study site further demonstrating the effectiveness of dissolution at eroding carbonate lithologies, although further work is needed to isolate feedback between these two variables. Future studies of bedrock incision processes in carbonate landscapes should re-evaluate how mechanical erosion and dissolution are represented, and how sensitive the balance of these processes is to potential changes in inundation frequency and climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-decadal sediment dynamics of a tropical watershed – The relative roles of surface erosion and shallow landsliding","authors":"Carlos E. Ramos Scharrón,&nbsp;Eugenio Y. Arima","doi":"10.1002/esp.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sedimentation represents a key risk to the world's artificial reservoirs upon which humans rely to satisfy vital water needs. Improving our understanding of watershed sediment dynamics is crucial in managing water reservoirs, particularly in small, high-standing tropical islands characterized by high sediment yields. This study addresses such a need by comparing potential contributions from surface erosion on active cropland and rain-driven shallow landsliding to sediment yields in an artificial reservoir in Puerto Rico for a 60-year period. The study relied on various data sources including land cover and landslide maps, high-resolution digital elevation databases, long-term rainfall data and bathymetric surveys to document the sediment budget of a 43.9 km² watershed. Results indicate that sediment delivery associated with landsliding may explain 47–79% of the 1,195 Mg km⁻² yr⁻¹ long-term, watershed-scale average sediment yield with surface erosion from active cropland capable of sustaining about 20%. Rainfall not directly associated to tropical cyclones appears to be as important as that directly related to named storms in driving landslide mobilization. As cropland cover declined and as the frequency of days with sufficient rainfall to trigger landslides increased through time, the relative importance of landsliding consequently increased and presently appears to be about 85% of sediment yield rates that remain well above background levels. The current high incidence of landsliding in this mostly forested watershed appears to be linked to its abundant rainfall (~1,980 mm yr⁻¹; ~0.92 landslide triggering rains per year), high topographic relief (~90% of watershed &gt; 30°) and high road densities (19.4 km km⁻²). Most of the roads are farm access roads and largely represent a legacy of now abandoned agricultural activities, yet they still induce much slope instability that generates significant quantities of sediment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The susceptibility of subglacial carbonates to frost weathering","authors":"Matej Lipar,&nbsp;Matija Zorn,&nbsp;Mateja Ferk,&nbsp;Klemen Cof,&nbsp;Janko Čretnik","doi":"10.1002/esp.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The retreat of glaciers over the last century exposed subglacial carbonate, which formed between the glacier ice body and bedrock due to regelation. As such they have implications for paleoenvironmental studies. They are particularly significant as indicators of past glacial presence – since they can form under glacial conditions – and recent glacial retreat, given their high susceptibility to rapid weathering. However, their susceptibility to frost weathering remains relatively unexplored. This study investigates the susceptibility of subglacial carbonates to frost weathering by exposing them to freeze–thaw cycles in a freezing tank. The study demonstrates that subglacial carbonates are inherently weak and prone to weathering, with around a quarter of the samples experiencing breakage into shreds. While exact rates of weathering in natural settings remain challenging to determine, the laboratory conditions provided a framework for evaluating the fundamental response of subglacial carbonates to temperature stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of river-floodplain morphology and hydraulics following compounding wildfire-flood disturbances","authors":"Aleah J. Hahn,&nbsp;Nicholas D. Christensen,&nbsp;Daniel C. White,&nbsp;Ellen Wohl,&nbsp;Ryan R. Morrison","doi":"10.1002/esp.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wide, low-gradient segments within river networks (i.e., beads) play a critical role in absorbing and morphologically adapting to disturbances, including wildfires and debris flows. However, the magnitude and rate of morphological adjustment and subsequent hydraulic conditions provided by beads compared to pre-disturbance conditions are not well understood. This study analysed trajectories of river morphology, flood attenuation and hydraulic fish habitat following the 2020 Cameron Peak Fire and July 2022 debris flow and flood at Little Beaver Creek, Colorado, USA. Using repeat aerial imagery, ground-based surveys and hydrodynamic modelling, we assessed morphological changes in a 600-m-long bead of Little Beaver Creek. Metrics of floodplain destruction and formation and channel migration greatly increased in magnitude after the first post-fire runoff season but returned to the historical range of these metrics three years after the fire. The 2022 flood deposited sediment, infilled side channels, reduced pool area and increased the area of bars and islands. Flood wave attenuation and hydraulic habitat conditions did not show clear improvement or impairment despite more rapid changes in system geometry, geomorphic unit abundance and geomorphic unit location. The ability of the site to attenuate peak flows changed minimally and inconsistently over the studied floods. Various lotic habitat conditions changed—namely a reduction in floodplain access and deepening of certain pools—but the overall flow-type diversity of the system was not largely impacted. The resilience of the active channel of Little Beaver Creek to the fire and flood disturbances while retaining key services demonstrates the importance of river beads for enhancing river-floodplain resilience to large disturbance events and highlights river beads as key areas for preservation and restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘The influence of anthropogenic topographic changes on geomorphological processes in the city of Rome (Italy): A case study of the Malagrotta area’","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/esp.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Delchiaro, M.</span>, <span>Vergari, F.</span>, <span>Esposito, C.</span>, &amp; <span>Del Monte, M.</span> (<span>2025</span>). <span>The influence of anthropogenic topographic changes on geomorphological processes in the city of Rome (Italy): A case study of the Malagrotta area</span>. <i>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</i>, <span>50</span>(<span>3</span>), e70033. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70033\u0000 </p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of hydraulic properties on soil detachment rate at different slope positions during the spring thaw period","authors":"Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Yikui Bai,&nbsp;Suhua Fu,&nbsp;Xuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rainfall and snowmelt runoff are the primary drivers of soil detachment in cold regions. Understanding how hydraulic properties influence the soil detachment rate (<i>D</i>_<i>r</i>) is essential for accurately modelling soil erosion during the spring thaw period. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between hydraulic parameters and <i>D</i>_<i>r</i> at different slope positions. Experiments were conducted under four flow discharge conditions (4.5, 6.5, 8.5 and 10.5 L min⁻¹), two slope gradients (10° and 15°) and four thawing depths (2, 5, 10 and 15 cm). Results indicated <i>Dr</i> could be adequately described as a power function of the flow discharges increasing with shear stress, the resistance coefficient and stream power. Shear stress was identified as the most effective hydrodynamic parameter for predicting <i>D</i>_<i>r</i> at upslope (first slope) and midslope (second slope) positions, whereas stream power best predicted <i>D</i>_<i>r</i> at the downslope (third slope) position. Unit stream power was not a reliable predictor of <i>D</i>_<i>r</i>. These findings enhance the mechanistic understanding of soil erosion processes occurring during the spring thaw period and improve the predictive capabilities of soil erosion models.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of geomorphological processes and landforms on the soil and vegetation characteristics: A case study of Davarzan alluvial fan, Northeast Iran","authors":"Shahram Bahrami,&nbsp;Mohammad Motamedi Rad,&nbsp;Alireza Salehipour Milani,&nbsp;Seyed Hamidreza Fatemi","doi":"10.1002/esp.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Comprehensive understanding of the effects of alluvial fan geomorphology on the soil and vegetation properties can lead to better conservation and management of vegetation and soils. This study aims to analyse the effects of geomorphological landforms and processes of Davarzan alluvial fan on the properties of soils and vegetation. Aerial images were obtained by a DJI Phantom4 Professional drone to measure vegetation density (VD) and canopy cover (VCC). Subsequently, six topographic profiles from fan surfaces were provided by the 10-cm DEMs, prepared by aerial images. A total of 36 soil samples were gathered from different landforms (bar, swale, channel and interfluve) and positions (toe and apex) of fan surfaces. Soil properties including sand%, silt%, clay%, total organic carbon (TOC), soil hydraulic conductivity (K) and soil water content (W) were measured. Results show that TOC, clay% and silt% are higher at the old surface than the relict and young surfaces. Lower TOC, clay% and silt% of the relict surface (especially at its toe) can be attributed to its entrenched and crenulated surface with relatively steep topography, making it prone to greater soil erosion. Nevertheless, the means of vegetation canopy cover and vegetation density are higher at the relict surface than old and young ones, likely due to the fact that beds of deep channels developed on the relict surface have shaded conditions and are closer to groundwater. Data reveal that VD and VCC are higher at toes than apexes, at channels than interfluves of abandoned surfaces, and at swales than bars of young surface. Overall, the relative age, landforms, channel morphometry, geomorphological processes (i.e., weathering and aggradation) and positions (toe and apex) of alluvial fan are dominant factors affecting soil and vegetation characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From glaciers to large rivers: Lessons and insights from long-term bedload monitoring","authors":"Rolf Rindler,&nbsp;Sabrina Schwarz,&nbsp;Andrea Lammer,&nbsp;Dorian Shire-Peterlechner,&nbsp;Philipp Gmeiner,&nbsp;Marcel Liedermann,&nbsp;Michael Tritthart,&nbsp;Helmut Habersack","doi":"10.1002/esp.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantifying bedload transport and its processes is a key challenge in river research and has been a topic of study for decades. In Austria, bedload transport is continuously monitored at seven sites, ranging from high-altitude Alpine regions to the Danube River, for over one decade. The investigated catchment areas range from 56 km² to 104,177 km². Direct measurement methods, including various bedload samplers, as well as indirect measurement methods, in this case, plate geophones, were used. Thus, the bed load transport of all flood events that occurred during the project period from 2010 to 2021 was recorded. Bedload transport and bedload yield could be determined on a station-specific basis using calibrated plate geophones and if possible, at the monitoring site with the bedload rating curve approach. A total of 2,848 individual measurements were conducted, using various bedload basket samplers, and 49 measurements with slot samplers. The mean annual bedload load at the observed sites ranges from 4,500 t to 360,000 t at the monitored catchment area. However, the annual loads are subject to significant fluctuations, depending on hydrology and catchment size. Long-term monitoring has shown that reliable conclusions can be drawn about bedload transport and its dependence on discharge and anthropogenic influences. The correlation between discharge and bedload transport tends to be weaker in smaller catchments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphic consequences of freshwater discharge and microbial mats in a macrotidal environment: The case of the beach of Dannes (northern France)","authors":"Yvonne Battiau-Queney,&nbsp;Sébastien Monchy,&nbsp;Sandra Ventalon,&nbsp;Marion Delattre,&nbsp;Luen-Luen Li,&nbsp;Vincent Sipka,&nbsp;Clémentine Gallot,&nbsp;François Guillot,&nbsp;Felipe Artigas","doi":"10.1002/esp.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the geomorphic consequences of possible microbial mats associated with freshwater discharge on the macrotidal sandy beach of Dannes (northern France). The aim was to explain the lack of foredune at Dannes, in contrast to nearby beaches, despite similar sand resources and meteorological-marine conditions. A transdisciplinary research was carried out, involving microbiology, geomorphology and sedimentology. In addition to topographic, hydrographic and sedimentological analyses related to the tidal cycle and storm occurrence, SEM analysis of the microtextures of quartz grains collected from the beach surface provided data on the marine and aeolian forces in the coastal system, as well as on the biological processes active in the sediment. The microbial composition of the beach surface sediment was identified using the metabarcoding approach with DNA extracted from samples collected in the field. The study highlights the presence of a millimetre layer of coloured sand that is strictly associated with freshwater outflows fed by groundwater from the Cretaceous Chalk aquifer. Several facts converge to identify this layer as a microbial mat where the aggregation of grains by bio-mineralogical mechanisms stabilizes the beach surface. Although less than 50 m wide, and located in the supratidal beach, the microbial mats, which are constantly washed by freshwater, inhibit wind transport of sand and prevent foredune formation. On the other hand, they promote the formation of a berm in relation to the run-up of storm waves, which could be enhanced by the low roughness of the microbial mat surface. Aerial photographs since 1946 show that the berm can form in less than 20 years, but it can suddenly disappear when the wave height and run-up exceed the threshold that triggers berm erosion. Thus, physical and biological processes that are active on the supratidal beach interact to create distinctive landforms, i.e. berms instead of foredunes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional geological modelling and long-term stability analysis of high-steep dangerous rock masses based on multisource data integration","authors":"Panpan Qin,&nbsp;Bolin Huang,&nbsp;Kaikai Xu,&nbsp;Xingchen Dong,&nbsp;Zhen Qin,&nbsp;Linfeng Bai","doi":"10.1002/esp.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extensive high, steep and perilous rocky slopes are present on both sides of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, with numerous such slopes interspersed. The rock mass structure of this type of dangerous rock slope is complex, strongly affecting the stability of the rock masses in this region. Hence, it is necessary to establish a detailed 3D geological model in combination with the internal structural characteristics of the rock mass. Taking the Jianchuandong 3# dangerous rock mass (JDRM 3#) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as an example, this study integrated UAV photogrammetry technology and 3D laser scanning technology to establish models of the surface of the dangerous rock mass, internal dissolution cavities and random fissures. A 3D geological model of JDRM 3# was constructed by integrating these models. Based on the constructed model, the evolution process of the deformation of JDRM 3# under the influence of long-term water-level fluctuation was simulated. The simulation results showed that long-term water-level fluctuation can lead to a deterioration in the strength of the base of the rock mass, with deformation and failure of the dangerous rock mass initially occurring around the internal dissolution cavities. A change in the internal structure of the rock mass played a vital role in the failure process of JDRM 3#, which aggravated the eccentric compression state of the base of the rock mass. It will eventually lead to a collapse failure of JDRM 3#. When the compressive strength of the base of the rock mass decreased by approximately 70.3%, the factor of safety (FOS) for JDRM 3# was &lt;1. By combining different geological investigation methods to establish a 3D geological model and using it for numerical calculations, this study provides a novel method to assess the stability of high-steep bank slopes in reservoir areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}