Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Effect of shrub root diameter classes on shear strength of soil in Benggang collapsing walls","authors":"Fang Shuai,&nbsp;Wei Wu,&nbsp;Ying Meng,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhou,&nbsp;Yuyang Chen,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Jinshi Lin,&nbsp;Yanhe Huang,&nbsp;Fangshi Jiang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Benggang is a typical soil erosion landform in the red-soil region of southern China. Its collapsing-wall stability is closely related to the soil shear performance, which can be mechanically reinforced by plant roots. Shrub-root reinforcement mechanisms and model optimization have not been studied systematically. This study considers <i>Melastoma candidum</i>, a dominant shrub species in southern Benggang areas. Using remolded soil direct shear tests, the effects of different moisture content levels and root diameter classes on the shear characteristics of root–soil composites are explored. A shear strength equation for root-soil composites, based on the Wu–Waldron model (WWM), was established, incorporating soil moisture content and root diameter (Equations (12) and (13)). The key findings are as follows: (1) Roots significantly enhance soil shear strength and cohesion. At 15% moisture content, 1.50–3.00-mm roots provide optimal shear strength improvement; at 25% moisture content, 0.00–1.50-mm roots perform best, but achieve maximum cohesion enhancement under both moisture conditions. (2) Increased moisture content significantly reduces root–soil composite shear strength and cohesion. (3) Root diameter variation minimally affects the soil internal friction angle, which decreases with increasing moisture content. (4) The WWM overestimated the measured shear strength by ≥5.60 times. Incorporating the moisture content and root diameter, the WWM correction coefficient was 0.02–0.18, and the newly established shear strength prediction equations based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the WWM model demonstrated significantly improved accuracy (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency [<i>NSE</i>] ≥ 0.92). These findings elucidate shrub-root regulatory mechanisms on collapsing-wall stability and provide theoretical support for vegetation allocation strategies and soil-reinforcement model optimization in red-soil erosion areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability-based critical rainfall pattern curve for slope stability of tailing dams","authors":"Chao Wang,&nbsp;Hongliang Jing,&nbsp;Leilei Liu,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Yutong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the effects of rainfall and variability in soil parameters on the slope stability of tailing dams, the existing Factor of Safety (FoS)-based critical rainfall pattern curve (CRPC) is extended to a reliability-based CRPC. The proposed reliability-based CRPC is illustrated through a simplified tailing dam. The results have shown that there exists a specific rainfall intensity (named safe rainfall intensity), below which the slope of tailing dams will be in a safe state no matter how long the rainfall duration is. The larger the safe rainfall intensity, the higher the safety margin for the slope stability of tailing dams. A greater saturated permeability coefficient leads to a larger safe rainfall intensity. A longer length of dry beach results in a higher safety margin for the slope stability of tailing dams. The presence of a drainage pipe contributes most to the increase in the stability of tailing dams under rainfall infiltration. The FoS-based CRPC tends to overestimate the safety margin of the slope stability of tailing dams, owing to the omission of variability in soil parameters as compared with the reliability-based CRPC. An earlier warning plan will be made based on reliability-based CRPC than based on FoS-based CRPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uprooting dynamics of a model tree under rockfall impact: Combined experimental and numerical insights","authors":"Chenyang Zhang,&nbsp;Chenghao Yu,&nbsp;Anthony Kwan Leung,&nbsp;Sadeghi Mohammad,&nbsp;Clarence Edward Choi","doi":"10.1002/esp.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change already increases the number of rockfalls or flow-like landslides, posing a significant threat to human lives and public infrastructure in mountainous regions. Characterizing the dynamic uprooting response during rockfall-tree interaction is essential for understanding the protective capabilities of forests in mitigating these hazards. In this study, a novel model tree is developed to evaluate the uprooting resistance against instantaneous impact. A lamina emergent torsional (LET) joint is introduced to simulate the root-soil plate rotation behaviour. Then, a large-scale pendulum experiment is used to validate the statical and dynamic uprooting responses of the model tree. A numerical model is used to back-analyse the experiments and subsequently, a parametric study is performed. Our results demonstrate that the model tree closely reproduces the static and dynamic uprooting behaviours of natural trees, providing an accessible tool for further physical model experiments on rockfall and landslide impacts. The dynamic uprooting response of a tree is governed by both impact force and contact duration. Under instantaneous impacts, three distinct response regimes are observed: quasi-static, impulse and intermediate. In most impact scenarios, trees exhibit responses in the impulse and intermediate regimes, indicating that static-based criteria are insufficient for assessing uprooting stability. Consequently, we propose a dynamic failure criterion for predicting tree uprooting during rockfall interactions based on an empirical relationship between the critical impact duration and the normalized maximum impact turning moment. This criterion enables the prediction of dynamic tree uprooting failure using rockfall velocities, rockfall masses and stem diameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphological evidence for superimposed deformation in the southern Sichuan Basin, SW China: Implications for seismic hazards","authors":"Gang Rao,&nbsp;Yaqi Zhong,&nbsp;Xiaohan Yin","doi":"10.1002/esp.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2019 <i>M</i>_w 5.8 Changning and 2021 <i>M</i>_w 5.4 Luxian earthquakes have highlighted the southern Sichuan Basin as an emerging focal area for seismic hazard research, following the significant 2008 <i>M</i>_w 7.9 Wenchuan and 2013 <i>M</i>_w 6.6 Lushan earthquakes along the Longmen Shan thrust belt. However, traditional field surveys that rely heavily on active tectonic landforms encounter considerable challenges due to the extensive exposure of pre-Cenozoic strata. In this study, we evaluate the tectonic activity of two NW-tending faults through DEM-based morphotectonic analyses. Our findings indicate that the landscape topography along the Baishuxi Fault, a principal basin-boundary fault, exhibits significant variations in geomorphic indices and topographic metrics, which may reflect a complex subsurface structural style. The presence of numerous knickpoints at various elevation levels suggests ongoing landscape adjustments in response to tectonic forces. Additionally, several knickpoints observed on river long-profiles across the Maoqiao Fault further northeast indicate basinward propagation of tectonic deformation, suggesting superimposed deformation within the southern Sichuan Basin. We recommend that future studies conduct a thorough evaluation of the seismic hazards associated with the NW-trending Baishuxi and Maoqiao faults, as well as their intersection with the NE-trending Huayinshan fault.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion, runoff and deformation of overburden stockpiles subjected to simulated rainfall","authors":"Qingyu Zhang,&nbsp;Yuting Cao,&nbsp;Ziyin Wang,&nbsp;Muhan Li,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Han Luo","doi":"10.1002/esp.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Overburden stockpiles from production and construction projects often fail to achieve natural stability within the short time period, potentially leading to catastrophic failures such as landslides and debris flows. To investigate the erosion and deformation characteristics of overburden stockpiles and their interrelationships, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments under simulated rainfall of varying intensities. Results demonstrated that increased rainfall intensity led to concurrent increases in sediment yield, runoff production, runoff rate and the maximum rill width, length and depth. The total subsidence depth increased with an increase in rainfall intensity. When examining the effects of gravel content (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%), both sediment yield and runoff yield displayed an initial increase followed by a decrease. The temporal evolution of runoff rate manifested in three distinct phases: rapid acceleration, gradual increase and stabilization. The rate of subsidence depth development initially accelerated but subsequently decelerated with successive rainfall events. At high rainfall intensity, total subsidence depth increased proportionally with gravel content. The creep degree of overburden stockpiles intensified with increased rainfall intensity and gravel content. Furthermore, the relationship between deformation rate and both sediment yield and runoff exhibited sigmoid curves, with an initial acceleration followed by deceleration. The time to instability decreased with increasing rainfall intensity while showing an initial increase followed by a decrease pattern at high rainfall intensities with increasing gravel content. Our findings provide guidance for mitigating soil loss and preventing hazardous events associated with overburden stockpiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of a landslide-dammed lake during the Holocene: Records from lacustrine and fan-delta successions in southeastern Tibet","authors":"Anna Yang,&nbsp;Kaiheng Hu,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Weiming Liu,&nbsp;Qiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Hao Li","doi":"10.1002/esp.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Landslide- or glacier-dammed lakes and associated catastrophic outburst floods represent key geomorphological agents in shaping fluvial landscapes in high-altitude, steep mountain environments. Previous studies have reported hundreds of Late Pleistocene moraine/glacier and landslide dams caused by glacier advances or seismic activity across the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and confirmed that these dammed lakes significantly impeded river incision into the plateau interior. However, comprehensive exploration for geomorphological and sedimentological records documenting the complete evolutionary cycles of such dammed lakes remains scarce. This study identifies a well-preserved lacustrine-fan delta sedimentary succession associated with the Xiaqu dammed lake in the Yigong Tsangpo basin. Through integrated field observations, sedimentological analyses and chronological data obtained through optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) and AMS radiocarbon dating techniques, we reconstruct the full evolutionary history of the lake, which underwent five distinct evolutionary stages, including initial formation, abrupt failure, secular stability, sedimentary infilling and fluvial incision. The initial landslide dam created at a height of 2,650 m above sea level (a.s.l.) may experience rapid breaching when lake water overtopped the crest, triggering outburst flood event(s). Continuous lacustrine sediments deposited between 4.74 ka and 3.11 ka imply a relative stability period for the remnant dammed lake. Subsequent fluvial deposits, unconformably overlying lacustrine sediments post-siltation, are dated to slightly later than 1.48 ka cal. BP. Furthermore, compiled climate proxy indicators and paleo-landslide inventories at the margins of the Tibetan Plateau provide insights into the roles of extreme events and climate change in the evolution of fluvial landscapes within a regional context.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating growth of Sermilik Delta, Greenland (1987–2022), driven by increasing runoff","authors":"Rebecca Crick,&nbsp;Stephen J. Livingstone,&nbsp;Andrew J. Sole","doi":"10.1002/esp.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) produces ~8% of the global suspended sediment delivered to the oceans and is the only Arctic region where deltas are advancing. However, understanding of the dynamics of sediment transfer from source-to-sink and the impact of variations in climate and ice sheet processes on sediment yields are uncertain. Here, we investigate controls governing the annual evolution of a proglacial fjord-head delta (Sermilik Delta) located on the southwest coast of Greenland from satellite-derived shorelines and modelled tides (1987–2022). Our results reveal delta progradation of ~26 km² from 1987 to 2022 (0.78 km² year⁻¹) with an accelerating trend controlled by meltwater runoff, including increases in the annual total and frequency of extreme events. The lack of correlation between delta growth and ice velocity, with the latter decreasing over the study period, indicates a readily accessible store of subglacial and proglacial sediment that meltwater can tap into. Expansion of the proglacial zone, which is inundated during high runoff providing a well-connected source of sediment, might explain the strengthened relationship between runoff and delta growth since 2010. We highlight the importance of tides on the morphology of proglacial deltas during low runoff, and the potential of using tidal model data to remove the tidal signal and isolate real changes in delta area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometry and spatio-temporal evolution of salt karren","authors":"Guillermo Pérez-Villar,&nbsp;Francisco Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Alfonso Benito-Calvo,&nbsp;Carles Roqué","doi":"10.1002/esp.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Morphometric data on karren developed in evaporite rocks, and especially salt, are almost lacking. Additionally, the models proposed to explain the evolution of some karren such as solution flutes (rillenkarren) and solution bevels are not based on real examples but on physical experiments or conceptual models poorly supported with data. Rocksalt, thanks to its high solubility and transport-controlled dissolution kinetics, offers the opportunity to investigate the morphological evolution of karren in short periods of time. This work uses high-resolution, multi-temporal 3D surface models generated by Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry of a salt exposure in the Cardona salt diapir, NE Spain, to address the following issues: (1) morphometric characterisation of salt karren, (2) comparison with data from other lithologies and (3) morphological evolution of salt karren. Solution pits and solution flutes in salt tend to have significantly larger width and much larger depth than in carbonate rocks and gypsum. Solution flutes and solution bevels show complex evolutionary patterns that do not align with the commonly advocated parallel retreat and morphological persistence model. Instead, flutes can experience substantial morphological changes involving coalescence by the destruction of slim ridges and splitting caused by incision in the resulting broad flutes. The rillenkarren-bevel junction experiences a general downward and backward displacement, but locally can propagate forward by the development of intra-bevel flutes that merge with the rillenkarren slopes. Pedestals can grow vertically at rates as high as 5 cm/year.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility assessment of Geohazards in the Kunlun Mountain region of Xinjiang, China, based on the analytic hierarchy process and information quantity model","authors":"Zhiqi Liu,&nbsp;Kai Chen,&nbsp;Zizhao Zhang,&nbsp;Lifeng Chen,&nbsp;Jinyu Chang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Kunlun Mountain region in Xinjiang is one of the areas most severely affected by geohazards in China. Significant differences exist in the development characteristics of geohazard between its eastern and western sections, due to variations in geological conditions conducive to disaster formation and natural geographical differences, and the existing susceptibility assessment results for the region are insufficient to meet practical needs. This study divides the Kunlun Mountain region in Xinjiang into two assessment zones, east and west, and based on 3,234 geohazard sites in the region, 12 and 8 indicators are selected respectively to establish an evaluation system for collapse/landslide and debris flow hazards. The indicators are then combined using the principle of higher value to conduct a comprehensive assessment of geohazard susceptibility. The Analytic Hierarchy Process-Information Quantity (AHP-INF) coupling model is applied to geohazard susceptibility assessment and classifies the Xinjiang Kunlun Mountain region into four levels: high, medium, low and non. The results indicate that dividing the Xinjiang Kunlun Mountain region into two zones for evaluation significantly improves the accuracy of the assessment, achieving an overall accuracy of 99.51%. The proposed zonal assessment method and AHP-INF coupling model can effectively reflect the assessed susceptibility of geohazards in the Kunlun Mountain region, providing scientific support for risk management, land spatial planning and land use regulation in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channel adjustments over 50 years in response to climate change and human activities in the Parlung Zangbo River, Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"Tianqi Yan,&nbsp;Hongshan Gao,&nbsp;Yingying Chen,&nbsp;Ruijie Li,&nbsp;Ping Li","doi":"10.1002/esp.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rivers change the morphology and pattern of their channels in response to environmental changes, a central theme in fluvial geomorphology. However, short-term changes in channel morphology on the Tibetan Plateau, particularly in response to significant climate change and human activities in recent decades, remain poorly understood. This study examines five reaches of the Parlung Zangbo River, a major tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, integrating Landsat remote sensing imagery with hydrological records to analyse changes in channel morphology—including channel width, channel area, braided index and the number and area of mid-channel bars—between 1973 and 2020. The results indicate that all five sub-reaches of the Parlung Zangbo River underwent expansion, with significant increases in channel width, channel area, braided index, and both the number and area of mid-channel bars during this period. However, these changes occurred in distinct phases: an overall expansion of river channels from 1973 to 2000, followed by channel narrowing in the reaches of the Parlung Zangbo River trunk stream between 2000 and 2020. The initial expansion of river channels was likely driven by increased precipitation, meltwater and discharge associated with climate change. In contrast, the decline in precipitation over the southern Tibetan Plateau since 2000 has led to reduced discharge, contributing to channel narrowing. Additionally, upstream of hydroelectric stations, human activities may have altered the riverbed gradient and reduced sediment transport capacity, promoting channel expansion and the deposition of side bars. Among these factors, climate-related influences, particularly changes in precipitation and temperature, exert the most profound and long-term effects on river hydrology and channel morphology in the Parlung Zangbo catchment, surpassing the impact of human activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}