Zala Jagodic, Zvezdana Dolenc Strazar, Milan Stefanovic, Sebastian Stefanovic
{"title":"Unexpected Discovery of Anal Canal Apocrine Hidrocystoma Mimicking Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: A Unique Case.","authors":"Zala Jagodic, Zvezdana Dolenc Strazar, Milan Stefanovic, Sebastian Stefanovic","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08611-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08611-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Traninger, Andreas Blesl, Andrea Borenich, Stefan Fürst, Thomas Wagner, Reinhard Bernd Raggam, Andrea Berghold, Christoph Högenauer
{"title":"Acquired Low Factor XIII Activity Is Associated with an Increased Need for Blood Transfusions in Patients with Gastrointestinal Bleedings.","authors":"Anna Traninger, Andreas Blesl, Andrea Borenich, Stefan Fürst, Thomas Wagner, Reinhard Bernd Raggam, Andrea Berghold, Christoph Högenauer","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08651-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08651-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Factor XIII plays a key role within the coagulation cascade.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relevance of factor XIII activity on the outcome of patients with gastrointestinal bleedings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, single-center study patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and measurement of factor XIII activity were included. The primary endpoint was the number of red blood cell transfusions in patients with reduced factor XIII activity (< 70%) compared to patients with normal activity. Additionally, the influence of factor XIII substitution was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-seven patients (median age: 64 [IQR 55, 77] years, 31 (32%) females) were included in the analysis. Fifty-six (58%) patients suffered from an upper gastrointestinal bleeding. 66 (68%) patients had a factor XIII activity < 70% and 24 (36%) of those received factor XIII substitution. Patients with reduced FXIII activity needed significantly more red blood cell transfusions than patients with normal activity (9 [5, 12] vs. 4 [1, 8], p < 0.001). Patients receiving factor XIII substitution showed a trend toward a decreased need for transfusions after substitution (0 [0, 5] vs. 3 [1, 6], p = 0.066). Factor XIII activity correlated negatively with the INR (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.24, p = 0.018) and positively with hemoglobin levels (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.28, p = 0.006) and with thrombocyte counts (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.30, p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study shows an association of factor XIII activity with the requirement of blood transfusions in patients with gastrointestinal bleedings and indicates a potential benefit of factor XIII substitution. Factor XIII activity seems to be dependent from the amount of blood loss and the global coagulation parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey A Lowell, Garvita Sharma, Vincent Chua, Shomron Ben-Horin, Arun Swaminath, Keith Sultan
{"title":"Reactive Immunomodulator Addition to Infliximab Monotherapy Restores Clinical Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jeffrey A Lowell, Garvita Sharma, Vincent Chua, Shomron Ben-Horin, Arun Swaminath, Keith Sultan","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08515-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08515-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving infliximab (IFX) commonly experience immunogenic loss of response (LOR) by formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). An immunomodulator (IMM) used in combination with initial IFX induction is known to reduce ADA development and improve clinical outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of reactively adding an IMM to patients on IFX monotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study and systematic review with meta-analysis of patients with IBD demonstrating immunologic LOR, with or without clinical LOR, that had an IMM (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, or methotrexate) reactively added (reactive combination therapy; rCT) to combat elevated ADAs and raise IFX level. Data were extracted for pooled effect size estimation using random-effects models, and ADA and IFX trough levels were compared pre- and post-IMM initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 6 patients who received rCT due to rising ADA titers and low IFX levels. Median ADA titer decreased from 506 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR) [416-750]) to 76.5 ng/mL (IQR [25.8-232]), an 85% decrease (p = 0.031). Median IFX trough increased from 0.4 µg/mL (IQR [0.4-0.48]) to 8.25 µg/mL (IQR [3.7-9.6]), a 20.6-fold increase (p = 0.038). Meta-analysis pooled effect size of 7 studies with 89 patients showed an 87% ADA titer reduction [95% confidence interval (CI) = 72-94%], 6.7-fold increased IFX trough (95% CI = 2.4-18.7), and 76% clinical remission rescue rate (95% CI = 59-93%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest rCT is a valid rescue strategy in patients with immunogenic LOR to IFX to reduce ADA titers, restore therapeutic IFX levels, and recapture clinical remission of IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141320734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Katharina Frank, Brian K Chung, Miguel Larraz Lopez De Novales, Lise Katrine Engesæter, Henry William Hoyle, Jonas Øgaard, James Heslop, Tom H Karlsen, Olivia Tysoe, Teresa Brevini, Jan S Tchorz, Ludovic Vallier, Irina Mohorianu, Fotios Sampaziotis, Espen Melum
{"title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of Cholangiocyte Organoids Derived from Bile Ducts of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Patients.","authors":"Anna Katharina Frank, Brian K Chung, Miguel Larraz Lopez De Novales, Lise Katrine Engesæter, Henry William Hoyle, Jonas Øgaard, James Heslop, Tom H Karlsen, Olivia Tysoe, Teresa Brevini, Jan S Tchorz, Ludovic Vallier, Irina Mohorianu, Fotios Sampaziotis, Espen Melum","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08570-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08570-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory liver disorder without effective medical treatment which is characterized by inflammation and fibrotic structures around the bile ducts. Biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) are the target and potential disease drivers in PSC, yet little is known if cholangiocytes from PSC patients differ from non-PSC controls. To characterize cholangiocytes at early rather than end-stage disease, cholangiocyte organoids (COs) were derived from diseased bile ducts of PSC patients and compared to organoids generated from disease controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cholangiocytes were obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) brushing of diseased bile duct areas and expanded as organoids using previously established culture methods. Stable CO lines were analyzed for cell type identity, basic cholangiocyte function, and transcriptomic signature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate that cholangiocytes, derived from the damaged area within the bile ducts of PSC patients, can be expanded in culture without displaying functional or genetic disease-related features. We further show that COs from patients who later were diagnosed with dysplasia exhibit higher expression of the cancer-associated genes PGC, FXYD2, MIR4435-2HG, and HES1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that PSC organoids are largely similar to control organoids after culture and highlight the significance of COs as a tool for regenerative medicine approaches as well as their potential for discovering new potential biomarkers for diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kexin Ye, Zhenhe Jin, Qichen Chen, Li Cen, Jiaqi Pan, Tianyu Zhou, Wenxi Jiang, Zhaoxue Liu, Linwen Luo, Zhe Shen
{"title":"Natural History and Longitudinal Outcomes of Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Proctitis or Ulcerative Proctosigmoiditis: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study.","authors":"Kexin Ye, Zhenhe Jin, Qichen Chen, Li Cen, Jiaqi Pan, Tianyu Zhou, Wenxi Jiang, Zhaoxue Liu, Linwen Luo, Zhe Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08615-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08615-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ulcerative proctitis (UP) and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (UPS) are special forms of ulcerative colitis. The disease burdens of UP and UPS are increasing. However, the natural history and prognosis of patients with mild-to-moderate UP or UPS have been poorly studied.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics, short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with mild-to-moderate UP or UPS followed at a single center over a period of 3 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of patients with UP and UPS followed at a single center from 2021 to 2023 was performed. After scanning for inclusion and exclusion criteria, patient demographics and clinical data were collected. Disease severity was accessed by Myao endoscopy scores and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity. Endoscopic improvement was defined as decreased scores at the last follow-up. Disease extension was defined as endoscopic evidence of a greater extent of disease at the last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 414 patients were included for evaluation, of which 292 patients (70.53%) were at mild disease stage, and 122 patients (29.47%) had moderate diseases. At the last follow-up, 315 patients (76.09%) showed endoscopic improvement, and 247 patients (59.66%) showed endoscopic remission. An overall extension rate of 11.11% was observed at the last follow-up. Subgroup analysis revealed a better prognosis in younger patients. The disease extension rate was higher in moderate group and symptomatic patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Promising outcomes were observed in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative proctitis or ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. Disease severity and symptoms are correlated with the risk of extension.</p>","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Rational Beliefs and the Bedside: Breaking the Boundaries and Bridging the Breach.","authors":"Harpal Singh Dhaliwal","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08636-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08636-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kush M Patel, Jingwen Zhang, Justin Marsden, Chloe Bays, Patrick D Mauldin, Andrew D Schreiner
{"title":"Missed and Delayed Diagnoses of Chronic Liver Disease in Primary Care Patients with Cirrhosis.","authors":"Kush M Patel, Jingwen Zhang, Justin Marsden, Chloe Bays, Patrick D Mauldin, Andrew D Schreiner","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08601-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08601-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic liver diseases (CLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, patients with CLD often go undiagnosed until progression to cirrhosis and HCC. We aimed to determine the proportion of primary care patients with severe liver disease outcomes that had missed or delayed CLD diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study evaluated primary care patients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, HCC, or other severe liver disease outcome between 2012 and 2021. The outcomes of interest were missed and delayed diagnoses of CLD, defined as the absence of a CLD diagnosis (missed) or first appearance of CLD on the same day as the cirrhosis diagnosis (delayed). Univariate analyses were performed to describe the cohort. Multivariable logistic regression models analyzed the association of aminotransferase elevations with the outcomes of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 667 patients with cirrhosis or HCC, 133 (20%) had a missed CLD diagnosis, and 243 (36%) had a delayed CLD diagnosis. Alcohol-related liver disease was the most common etiology among patients with missed/delayed diagnoses. A lower proportion of patients with missed/delayed diagnoses had an elevation in ALT or AST compared to patients with timely diagnoses (61% vs. 77%, p < 0.001). Elevated aminotransferase values were associated with lower odds of a missed/delayed diagnosis (OR 0.47; 95%CI 0.34-0.66).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most patients with cirrhosis or HCC had missed or delayed diagnoses of CLD in the context of probable overreliance on aminotransferase elevation for CLD detection. Enhanced screening for high prevalence CLD, especially alcohol, in primary care is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Endoscopy-Based Scoring Systems for Prognostication in Ulcerative Colitis: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Pingxin Zhang, Chuhan Zhang, Baili Chen, Yao He, Zhirong Zeng, Ren Mao, Yun Qiu, Minhu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08582-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08582-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Endoscopy-based scoring systems, including Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES), Modified Mayo Endoscopic Score (MMES), and Degree of Ulcerative Colitis Burden of Luminal Inflammation (DUBLIN) Score, have been introduced to evaluate UC prognosis. This study aims to compare their predictive capacity for clinical outcomes in UC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive UC patients from a tertiary hospital were included. The primary outcome was acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC), and secondary outcomes were UC-related admission, medication treatment escalation, disease extension and surgery. Predictive performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 300 patients, 15.3% developed ASUC. Robust correlations were observed among the three scoring systems and were with elevated serum inflammatory markers. The DUBLIN score exhibited superior predictive ability for UC-related admission (AUC 0.751; 95%CI 0.698-0.799) and medication treatment escalation (AUC 0.735; 95% CI 0.681-0.784). No statistical differences were found among three scoring systems for predicting ASUC, disease extension, and surgery. Employing respective cut-offs of 2, 11.25, and 3, higher MES (HR = 3.859, 95% CI 1.636-9.107, p = 0.002), MMES (HR = 3.352, 95% CI 1.879-5.980, p < 0.001), and DUBLIN score (HR = 5.619, 95% CI 2.378-13.277, p < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of developing ASUC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DUBLIN score, assessing the overall inflammatory burden of the intestinal tract, outperforms the MMES in predicting admission and medication treatment escalation related to UC. Its integration into clinical practice has the potential to enhance risk stratification for patients with UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Homocysteine Promotes Intestinal Inflammation in Colitis Mice Through the PGE2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Akang Shao, Qiu Zhao, Min Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10620-024-08588-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10620-024-08588-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our previous study indicated that Hcy exacerbated DSS-induced colitis by facilitating the differentiation of intestinal T helper cell 17 (Th17), but the precise mechanism remains unidentified. Therefore, our current research aims to elucidate the signaling pathway through which Hcy promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BALb/c mice were randomly assigned into six groups. The model of mice colitis was induced using 3% DSS, while the model of Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced using 1.7% methionine. The concentrations of Hcy and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), phosphorylated-cPLA2 (p-cPLA2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor-γt (RORγt) were assessed using western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the DSS + HHcy group, the addition of the COX inhibitor did not significantly alter the protein expression of p-PLA2/PLA2, but led to significant decreases in serum PGE2 concentration, cAMP, and p-STAT3/STAT3 protein expression. The protein expressions of p-PLA2/PLA2, COX2, and cAMP upstream of STAT3 inhibitor addition did not exhibit significant changes. However, PGE2 concentration and p-STAT3/STAT3 protein expression were notably reduced. After the COX inhibitor and STAT3 inhibitor added, the protein expression of IL-17A and RORγt and the levels of IL-17A and IL-23R in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were significantly reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HHcy aggravated DSS-induced colitis by promoting the differentiation and proliferation of Th17 cells through the PGE2 / STAT3 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":11378,"journal":{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}