Current Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous Production of Lipopeptide and Rhamnolipid Biosurfactants by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Promising Blend for Biosurfactant-Enhanced Bioremediation.","authors":"Maria Del Rosario Jacoby, Marcos E Dening, Laura J Raiger Iustman","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04526-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04526-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oil contamination is a significant environmental issue worldwide, and in the last decades, bioremediation has emerged as a preferred strategy to address this challenge. However, the hydrophobic nature of oil and its limited bioavailability affect its biodegradation by the soil microbiota. To mitigate these limitations, surfactant use has been proposed to enhance oil bioremediation. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in reducing the carbon footprint, and the use of biosurfactants instead of synthetic ones contributes to this global objective. In this study, surfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from a polluted urban stream in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, to obtain cell-free biosurfactant extracts for use as additives in surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) protocols in diesel-contaminated microcosms. Out of five isolates, the surfactant extracts of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were selected. One of them showed a significant improvement in diesel degradation compared with the controls. Remarkably, this extract was composed of a blend of rhamnolipids and lipopeptides whose presence was confirmed by analytical and bioinformatics evidence. This is the first work documenting the co-production of both kinds of surfactants by a P. aeruginosa strain and its potential for application in surfactant-enhanced bioremediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CheD is a Key Protein Involved in Regulating the Chemotaxis and Pathogenic Life Cycle of Agrobacterium fabrum.","authors":"Zhiwei Huang, Junnan Zou, Wanpeng Zhang, Guoliang Zhang, Feiyu Yan, Hongliang Zhao, Yuan Niu, Jun Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04528-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04528-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agrobacterium fabrum is the causal agent of crown gall disease. It possesses a chemotaxis system that enables it to detect signals from wounded plants and to initiate the infection process. However, the mechanisms underlying chemotaxis signal transduction and regulation in A. fabrum, as well as their impact on tumorigenesis, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the chemotaxis protein CheD in A. fabrum. CheD exhibited a sequence similarity of 25 to 27.27% with the previously well-characterized CheD in Bacillus subtilis and Borrelia burgdorferi and featured a C-terminally extended polypeptide. Protein interaction analysis revealed that CheD interacts with two transmembrane chemoreceptors and two non-transmembrane chemoreceptors of A. fabrum. Chemotaxis assays demonstrated that the in-frame deletion of the cheD gene led to impaired chemotactic responses of A. fabrum towards nutritional substrates and plant-derived chemical signals. The CheD mutant lacking the C-terminal 22 amino acids failed to restore chemotactic function in the cheD-deficient mutant. These findings suggest that CheD is essential for the detection of external chemical cues and the mediation of chemotaxis signal transduction in A. fabrum, with its C-terminal extension being critical for functional activity. Furthermore, the deletion of cheD also resulted in the impairment of biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and tumorigenesis in A. fabrum. This indicates that CheD influences the Agrobacterium-plant interaction by regulating the early stages of infection. Thus, CheD plays an essential role in the chemotaxis and pathogenic life cycle of A. fabrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Degradation Effect of Zearalenone in feed by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H6 and its Detoxification in Mice.","authors":"Ruolin Wang, Kaiwei Geng, Yuxuan Liu, Yang Liu, Yujie Gong, Ruirui Jiang, Yadong Tian, Xiangtao Kang, Xiangli Sun, Yanbin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04510-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04510-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN), which poses a threat to both human and animal health, is frequently detected in food and feed. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H6 has been screened and identified as a functional microorganism capable of biodegrading ZEN in the previous studies. The degradation ability of the bacterium towards zearalenone and its derivatives in feed, as well as its protective effect in vivo, remains to be determined. Therefore, degradation tests were conducted on ZEN and its derivatives using bacterial fermentation broth to detoxify moldy feed. Furthermore, protection experiments were performed on mice fed with ZEN using the same fermentation broth. The results demonstrated that the fermentation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H6 effectively detoxified moldy feed with an initial concentration of 436.74 μg/kg of ZEN, leading to a significant decrease in its toxin content to 81.53 μg/kg Moreover, it exhibited degradation activity towards ZEN derivatives including α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol and α-zearalanol. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H6 alleviated the weight loss triggered by ZEN exposure in mice while reversing alterations observed in relative mRNA expression levels associated with serum biochemical markers (ALT, AST, ALP), hepatic oxidative stress indicators (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, MDA), and Nrf-2 signaling pathway (Nrf-2, HO-1, γ-GCs, GSH-Px). These effects collectively counteract oxidative damage inflicted by ZEN on mouse liver. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H6 strain exhibited a mitigating effect on hepatic and small intestinal pathological damage, surpassing the ZEN group in comparison. The cecal anaerobic flora structure was effectively reshaped, leading to significant alterations in microbial composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus atopica sp. nov., Isolated from the Feces of a Toddler with Atopic Dermatitis.","authors":"Chin-Kan Chan, Hui-Shan Wu, Li-Jyun Tsai, Yun-Shien Lee, Yu-Chung Chang, Hui-Chung Wu, Yi-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04529-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04529-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AD045-1ᵀ, was isolated from the stool sample of a 25-month-old male toddler diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Analysis of the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 100% and 99.8% sequence similarity to Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus DSM 20563ᵀ and Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi CCUG 39159ᵀ, respectively. However, phylogenetic analysis based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing (1,562 bp) showed that strain AD045-1^T exhibited the highest sequence similarity to S. anginosus subsp. anginosus DSM 20563^T (99.7%), followed by S. anginosus subsp. whileyi CCUG 39159^T (99.6%) and \"Streptococcus vaginalis\" P1L01^T (98.5%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain AD045-1^T and S. anginosus subsp. anginosus and S. anginosus subsp. whileyi were 94.4-94.7% and 93.4-93.6%, respectively, and the highest in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value with respect to the closest species was 58.1%. Streptococcus hominis NSJ-17^T also showed a relatively high ANI value (96.1%) with strain AD045-1^T. However, the similarity of 16S rRNA genes was only 98.4% and the dDDH value was 67.3%, which is below the threshold of 70% for species distinction. The major cellular fatty acids of strain AD045-1^T were 16:0, 18:1ω7c, and 14:0. Based on phylogenetic, genotypic, and phenotypic data, we propose to classify this isolate as representative of a novel species of the genus Streptococcus, Streptococcus atopica sp. nov., in reference to its isolation from the feces of a toddler with atopic dermatitis, with strain AD045-1^T (= BCRC 81461^T = NBRC 117137^T) as the type strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas algeriensis sp. nov.: A Promising Phosphate-Solubilizing Endophytic Bacterium Isolated from Legume Root Nodules in the Coastal Dunes of Northwest Algeria.","authors":"Chahrazed Aibeche, Nawel Selami, Fatima El-Haouaria Zitouni-Haouar, Omar Khelil, Slimane Choubane, Kheira Errouane, Abderrezak Djabeur","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04527-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04527-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strain NR3^T, an endophytic bacterium, was isolated from the root nodules of Retama monosperma collected in the coastal dunes of Cap-Falcon beach, northwestern Algeria. Its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain NR3^T shared the highest pairwise sequence similarity with Pseudomonas canavaninivorans HB002^T (99.6%), Pseudomonas alvandae SWRI17^T (99.5%), Pseudomonas bijieensis L22-9^T (99.5%), and Pseudomonas tehranensis SWRI196^T (99.4%). Further 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis confirmed these species as its closest relatives. Multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on four housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD) positioned strain NR3^T in a distinct, well-separated clade, differentiating it from all other Pseudomonas species. A comprehensive phylogenomic analysis, conducted using the Type (Strain) Genome Server and genome-scale phylogenetic reconstruction, based on a concatenated alignment of 72 housekeeping genes reinforced the unique phylogenetic placement of strain NR3^T, highlighting its divergence from its closest relatives, including P. canavaninivorans HB002^T, P. alvandae SWRI17^T, while identifying \"Pseudomonas agronomica\" SAICEU22^T as its nearest phylogenetic neighbor. Whole-genome sequence comparisons using digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and pairwise orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANIu) yielded values well below the species delineation thresholds (39.0 and 38.6% for dDDH, 89.5 and 89.2% for OrthoANIu), further confirming that strain NR3^T represents a distinct Pseudomonas species. The genome of strain NR3^T consists of 5,694,417 bp with a G + C content of 60.7% and is predicted to encode 5102 coding sequences (CDSs). Notably, several genes associated with plant growth-promoting traits, particularly those involved in phosphate solubilization, were identified, suggesting its potential for enhancing sustainable agricultural practices. The phenotypic characterization revealed that strain NR3^T is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium. It grows at temperatures ranging from 4 to 47 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C, within a pH range of 5.0 to 10.0 (optimum at pH 7), and tolerates NaCl concentrations up to 4% (w/v), with optimal growth at 0.5%. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain NR3^T are C_16:0, summed feature 2 (C_14:0 3-OH/C_16:1 iso I), and summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c). Based on phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses, strain NR3^T (= DSM 117380^T = CIP 112483^T = LMG 33617^T) is designated as the type strain of a novel Pseudomonas species, for which the name Pseudomonas algeriensis sp. nov. is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Potential of IgY: A Creative Approach for Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Against Viral Diseases of Animals.","authors":"M L Hridya, Harsh Rajeshbhai Jogi, Annepu Revathi, Ravi Thakur, Jasmine Patel, Ajay Kumar Yadav, Mukesh Bhatt, Vishal Rai, Vikramaditya Upmanyu, Vidya Singh, Kaushal Kishor Rajak","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04531-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04531-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibodies, apart from their irreplaceable role in immune defense, have been exploited as a successful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for many years. A major milestone was achieved in the late-twentieth century with the development of IgY technology, which introduced avian antibodies as an alternative to conventional mammalian antibodies. The distinctive structural features of IgY, coupled with ease of large-scale production, account for many advantages over mammalian IgG. Over the years, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of IgY has been investigated across diverse applications in livestock, poultry, livestock, companion animals and humans, producing promising outcomes against a wide range of infectious diseases. Several IgY-based products are already available commercially, while many others remain under experimental development. Despite these advances, monoclonal IgY technology is still emerging and has not yet reached broad clinical application. The present review provides comprehensive insights into the production and applications of IgY antibodies, with particular emphasis on their role in combating viral diseases in animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of Fulverythrobacter ferritrahens gen. nov., sp. nov., a Siderophore-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Poultry Manure Compost and Reclassification of Caenibius fulvus and Altererythrobacter segetis as Fulverythrobacter fulvus Comb. nov. and Croceibacterium segetis Comb. nov.","authors":"Shih-Yao Lin, Asif Hameed, Tzu-Yu Lin, Chiu-Chung Young","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04519-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04519-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A polyphasic taxonomic approach was employed to characterize a novel bacterium, designated strain CC-YST694^T, isolated from a poultry manure sample in Taiwan. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and capable of growth at 15-45 ℃ (optimum, 30 ℃), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 9.0), and in the presence of 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6%). The genome size was 3.27 Mb, with a genomic DNA G + C content of 62.8%. The primary polyamine was spermidine and predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingoglycolipid. The major cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c 11-methyl, C_14:0 2OH, iso-C_17:0 3OH, and C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CC-YST694^T was close to Altererythrobacter fulvus S-54^T. The 85.3% OrthoANI, 87.3% AAI, and 28.7% dDDH between strain CC-YST694^T and A. fulvus S-54^T were all well below the accepted species delineation thresholds, indicating that strain CC-YST694^T should represent a putative novel species. Moreover, phylogenomic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain CC-YST694^T and A. fulvus S-54^T forms a distinct monophyletic clade that is separate from other genera and thus should be classified as a novel genus. Based on the results of phylogenetic, phylogenomic, genomic relatedness, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain CC-YST694ᵀ is proposed to represent a novel genus and species within the family Erythrobacteraceae, for which the name Fulverythrobacter ferritrahens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-YST694^T (= BCRC 81283^T = JCM 34166^T).</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus in 23,495 Cases in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.","authors":"Jiaying Li, Liangshan Hu, Yachao Yao, Zeyong Li, Wenhuang Xie, Shibo Shang, Wei Xiao, Donglin Cao","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04466-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04466-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread oncogenic virus that causes diseases from benign warts to life-threatening cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. In Southern China, while the epidemiology of HPV in females is established, data on males remain limited to high-risk populations. Our study analyzed the characteristics of HPV infection across genders in Guangzhou, aiming to inform targeted screening strategies and vaccine promotion efforts. Among 23,495 participants attending the Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University from 2020 to 2024, the overall HPV prevalence was 21.98%, with male patients (33.70%) showing significantly higher rate than female patients (25.54%) and physical examinees (13.06%) (p < 0.001). Gender-specific genotype patterns emerged: male patients showed the highest prevalence of HPV6 (7.95%), HPV11 (3.81%), HPV16 (3.70%), HPV52 (3.64%) and HPV51 (3.57%); among female patients were HPV52 (5.23%), HPV58 (2.96%), HPV16 (2.68%), HPV39 (2.08%), and HPV51 (2.03%); physical examinees were HPV52 (2.66%), HPV58 (1.21%), HPV39 (1.10%), HPV51 (1.03%) and HPV54 (0.94%). Male patients exhibited higher prevalence of HPV6, HPV11, and oncogenic HPV18, while female patients showed HPV52 predominance. Age-related trends differed: male patients showed a linear increase (peaking at ≥ 55 years, p = 0.134), while female patients and physical examinees displayed U-shaped curves (peaking at < 25 and ≥ 55 years, both p < 0.001). The single-HPV genotype infection of the population predominated over the double and multiple infection. Clinically, female inpatients had higher rates of HPV16 (4.18% versus 2.63%, p = 0.05) and HPV56 (2.09% vs. 1.42%, p = 0.043) than outpatients. These findings have important implications for regional HPV prevention strategies in Southern China.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome Reconstruction of Grapevine Virus M and In Silico miRNA Prediction for Sequence-Specific Gene Silencing.","authors":"Malyaj R Prajapati, Pooja Thapa, Damini Diksha, Pooja Bhardwaj, Nitika Gupta, Susheel Kumar Sharma, Virendra Kumar Baranwal","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04520-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04520-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grapevine is a woody perennial plant susceptible to various viral infections and is propagated mainly on Dogridge rootstock. In this study, ~ 58 million high-quality RNA-seq reads from this grapevine rootstock from a nursery were reassembled into contigs. A contig of 7460 nt displayed 89.23% identity with grapevine virus M (GVM) and was found to be closely related to the sole GVM isolate from the USA (MK492703) while African isolates of GVM grouped separately. RT-PCR and sanger sequencing of coat protein confirmed the presence of GVM in HTS and its three individual sample of rootstocks including 14 out of 19 scion samples. This is the first complete genome study of GVM infecting a rootstock. In order to understand the defense responses to GVM in silico analyses were conducted. In silico analyses identified target binding sites for mature grapevine-derived vvi-miRNAs within the GVM genome. Among them, vvi-miR3632-5p was found as a potential agent for modulating virus infection. The grapevine-derived vvi-miRNAs identified in this study will be helpful in understanding defence strategy during virus host interaction. The impact of GVM on different scion varieties of grapevine requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbes Associated to Dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria L.): Pigment Extraction, Dyeing and Cultivation with Non-toxic Inputs. A Review.","authors":"Pirjo Yli-Hemminki, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Johanna Leppälä, Marjo Keskitalo","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04515-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04515-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) is a biannual plant cultivated mainly for its leaves, which are source of precursors of natural blue pigment known as indigo. Pigment extraction and dyeing with indigo have traditionally been mediated by bacteria. Specifically, indigo-reducing bacteria convert the pigment to its soluble form, which then drifts to the water-immersed textile material in a vat dyeing process. Upscaling these microbial processes to an industrial scale, requires an understanding of how the appropriate bacterial community is applied and maintained in an anoxic, alkaline and hot vat system. Bacteria enter the system with leaf material and may originate from the soil. Therefore, bacterial communities, which have been extensively studied in Japanese indigo dyeing baths usually differ from those derived from European woad. Currently, characterised indigo-reducing bacterial isolates are available and recombinant microbes for indigo biosynthesis have been developed to replace synthetic and often toxic chemicals in the blue dye industry. Woad is defending its place in crop rotation, breaking monoculture as a functional allelopathic plant or as a nutrient scavenging catch crop, even in northern latitudes. High-yielding cultivars can be introduced into crop sequences, and indigo can be extracted on the farm to generate additional income for farmers' cooperatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 11","pages":"535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}