Domestic animal endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Emotional responses of piglets under long-term exposure to negative and positive auditory stimuli","authors":"H.-Y. Nian ,&nbsp;R.-X. Zhang ,&nbsp;S.-S. Ding ,&nbsp;Y.-L. Wang ,&nbsp;J.-F. Li ,&nbsp;H.-G. Liu ,&nbsp;J.-H. Li ,&nbsp;X. Li ,&nbsp;J. Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The stress caused by sound is inevitable. The stress caused by noise and the positive effects of music can affect the endocrine of animals and their welfare. In this study, a total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Min pig) were randomly divided into 3 groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60–70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80-85 dB), and control (natural background sound, &lt;40 dB) groups. S-IgA (secretory immunoglobulin A), IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-8 (interleukin-8), and positive emotion-related behaviors were used as indicators to discuss whether noise induced stress and inflammation in piglets or whether music could have positive effects. Six hours of auditory exposure were given daily (10:00–16:00), which lasted for 56 days. Behavioral responses of the piglets were observed, and the concentrations of salivary S-IgA and serum IL-6 and IL-8 were measured. The results showed that the concentration of S-IgA increased in the noise and control groups on the 57th day (</span><em>P</em> &lt; 0.05); S-IgA concentration in the music group was unchanged after long-term music exposure. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 showed that long-term noise exposure might lead to stress and inflammation in piglets. Tail-wagging and play behaviors of the piglets in the music group were significantly greater than those in the noise and control groups, which implied that long-term music exposure improved the emotional state of the piglets in a restricted and barren environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 106771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40666372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unhatched bovine blastocysts express all transcripts of the estrogen biosynthetic pathway, but steroid hormone synthesis could not yet be demonstrated","authors":"R. Fürbass ,&nbsp;M. Michaelis ,&nbsp;G. Schuler","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early embryos of rodent species and rabbits but also farm animals such as pigs, horses and cattle produce estrogens, which are considered important regulators of the implantation process. In cattle, the exact stage at which embryonic estrogen synthesis commences is yet unknown. However, this information is regarded as important to consider a possible role of embryonic estrogens in preimplantation development. Therefore, in this study, we first used quantitative reverse transcription PCR to examine the mRNA expression of the enzymes required for the conversion of cholesterol into free and sulfonated estrogens (CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD3B, CYP19A1, and SULT1E1), the cholesterol carrier protein STAR, and the estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 in <em>in vitro</em> produced morulae and unhatched blastocysts (d 6–9). Only in the blastocysts, were the mRNAs of the entire estrogen biosynthesis chain and of both estrogen receptors clearly present, whereas mRNA specific to ESRs was already detectable in the morulae. We also examined the expression of the corresponding enzymes in blastocysts at the protein level. None of the enzymes were detectable by capillary-based western analysis. Immunofluorescence methods were established for the detection of CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and SULT1E1. CYP17A1 was observed in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm, whereas CYP19A1 and SULT1E1 were present only in trophectoderm. An attempt to detect estrogen sulfotransferase activity was unsuccessful. Despite clear evidence that some elements of the estrogen biosynthetic pathway are also present at the protein level, it remains to be clarified whether the enzyme cascade underlying estrogen production is already functional in unhatched blastocysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 106770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40657521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of a single dose of long-acting injectable progesterone formulation reduces the stress response to weaning in anestrous ewes","authors":"R. Ungerfeld,&nbsp;A. Freitas-de-Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High circulating progesterone concentrations decrease the responses to stressful situations in farm ruminants. We hypothesized that administering a single dose of long-acting progesterone formulation reduces the stress response of anestrous ewes to weaning. The aim of this study was to compare the behavioral, cortisol, and blood protein responses to weaning of anestrous ewes treated or not, with a single dose of a long-acting progesterone formulation. A complementary aim was to characterize the bioavailability of progesterone after this treatment. Thirty-six multiparous single-lambing Corriedale ewes and their lambs were used in this study. The lambs were weaned at 6:30 h when they were 65 d old (d0), and were taken to another paddock without chemical, visual or auditory contact with their mothers, while the ewes remained in the same paddock. Immediately before weaning, while 19 ewes received oil based long-acting progesterone formulation, other 17 ewes remained as controls, receiving sunflower oil. Twelve ewes from each group were used for behavioral recordings, the other 5 untreated ewes and 7 treated ewes were used to characterize the cortisol response and the progesterone profile. Behaviors were recorded every 10th min for 3 h in the morning and 3 h in the afternoon on day minus 3, d0 and d2, and expressed as percentage of recordings each animal displayed each behavior on each day. Treated ewes were recorded more times standing up than ewes on the day of weaning (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but the reverse result was found 2 d after (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Treated ewes were recorded more times lying down than control ewes on d2 after weaning (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), when treated ewes were observed fewer times walking than control ewes (<em>P</em> = 0.0004), as also happened the day of weaning (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). On the day of weaning, treated ewes grazed and paced less than control ewes (<em>P</em> = 0.001 and <em>P</em> = 0.009). Treated ewes ruminated more than control ewes on the day of weaning (<em>P</em> = 0.02) and 2 d later (<em>P</em> = 0.0002). Control ewes also secreted more cortisol than progesterone-treated ewes (<em>P</em> = 0.03), with no effect of the treatment on the concentration of total proteins, albumin or globulins. While control ewes never had luteal progesterone concentrations (&gt;0.5 ng/mL), treated ewes achieved luteal progesterone concentrations 2 h after its administration, and remained well above luteal levels until 15 h after administration. The administration of a single dose of long-acting progesterone formulation appears to be a viable choice in reducing the stress to weaning in ewes. Ewes treated with progesterone coped better with weaning, returning to their normal basal behavior earlier than untreated ones, and secreting lower cortisol levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 106753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40446123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of adrenocortical steroid and steroid precursor response to illness in hospitalized foals","authors":"K. Dembek ,&nbsp;K. Timko ,&nbsp;C. Moore ,&nbsp;L. Johnson ,&nbsp;M. Frazer ,&nbsp;B. Barr ,&nbsp;R. Toribio","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals. Relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI), defined as an inadequate cortisol response to stress, has been associated with sepsis, prematurity, and poor outcome in newborn foals. In addition to cortisol, the adrenal gland synthesizes several biologically important steroids and steroid precursors, including aldosterone, androgens, and progestogens. However, concentration of these hormones during hospitalization and their association with the severity of disease and mortality in critically ill foals have not been completely evaluated. We hypothesized, that in addition to cortisol and aldosterone, concentration of steroid precursors (progestogens and androgens) will be altered in critically ill foals. We also proposed that septic foals will have higher concentrations of steroid precursors than healthy foals, and steroid concentrations will be persistently increased during hospitalization in non-surviving septic and premature foals. Foals &lt;4 days of age were categorized as healthy, septic, sick non-septic, and premature based on physical exam, medical history, and laboratory data. Blood samples were collected on admission (0 h), 24 h, and 72 h after admission. Concentrations of steroids and ACTH were measured by immunoassays. The area under the curve over 72 h (AUC0-72h) of hospitalization was calculated for each hormone. Serum cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were higher in septic and premature foals compared to healthy foals at 0 h and throughout 72 h of hospitalization (</span><em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Plasma ACTH concentrations were higher in septic and premature foals on admission compared to healthy controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The progesterone (AUC0-72h) cut-off value above which non-survival could be reliably predicted in hospitalized foals was 1,085 ng/mL/h, with 82% sensitivity and 77% specificity. Critically ill neonatal foals had an appropriate response to stress characterized by increased concentrations of cortisol and steroid precursors on admission. A rapid decline in steroid concentration was observed in healthy foals. However, persistently elevated progestogen and androgen concentrations were associated with a lack of improvement in the course of disease and poor outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 106764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40375828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifts in uterine bacterial communities associated with endogenous progesterone and 17β-estradiol concentrations in beef cattle","authors":"R.K. Poole,&nbsp;A.T. Pickett,&nbsp;R.V. Oliveira Filho,&nbsp;G.D. de Melo,&nbsp;V. Palanisamy,&nbsp;S. Chitlapilly Dass,&nbsp;R.F. Cooke,&nbsp;K.G. Pohler","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relation between circulating concentrations of progesterone and 17β-estradiol prior to insemination play a key role in optimizing fertility in cattle. This study aimed to determine the impact of endogenous progesterone (P₄) and estradiol (E₂) concentrations on uterine bacterial community abundance and diversity in beef cattle. Angus-influenced heifers were subjected to an industry standard estrous synchronization protocol. Uterine flushes were collected on d -2 (endogenous P₄) and d 0 (endogenous E₂) and used for targeting the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA bacterial gene. Plasma was collected on d -2 and 0 for quantification of P₄ and E₂ concentrations by radioimmunoassay, respectively. Heifers were allotted to one of the following groups: High P₄ + High E₂ (H-H; n = 11), High P₄ + Low E₂ (H-L; <em>n</em> = 9), Low P₄ + High E₂ (L-H; <em>n</em> = 9), Low P₄ + Low E₂ (L-L; <em>n</em> = 11). Results indicated that Shannon's diversity index tended to be greater for H-L heifers compared to L-H heifers on d 0 (<em>P</em> = 0.10). For H-L heifers from d -2 to d 0, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased and Tenericutes increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Within phylum Actinobacteria, the relative abundance of <em>Corynebacterium</em> decreased from d -2 to d 0 in treatment groups H-H, H-L, and L-L (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05); however, did not differ by d for L-H heifers. Within phylum Tenericutes, the relative abundance of <em>Ureaplasma</em> increased from d -2 to d 0 for H-L heifers (<em>P</em> = 0.01). Additionally for H-L heifers, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes tended to increase from day -2 to on d 0 (<em>P</em> = 0.07). For H-L heifers, uterine pH increased from day -2 to d 0 (<em>P</em> = 0.05). These results suggest that differing endogenous concentrations of P₄ and E₂ may be associated with shifts in uterine microbiota and pH, and this could ultimately impact fertility outcomes in beef cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 106766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40388638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexually active male goats stimulate the endocrine and sexual activities of other males in seasonal sexual rest through the “buck-to-buck effect”","authors":"J.A. Delgadillo ,&nbsp;L.A. Espinoza-Flores ,&nbsp;J.A. Abecia ,&nbsp;H. Hernández ,&nbsp;M. Keller ,&nbsp;P. Chemineau","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Male goats rendered sexually active by exposure to a photoperiodic treatment are more efficient than untreated goats in stimulating LH secretion and ovulation in seasonally anestrous goats. This phenomenon is called the \"male effect.\" Here, we determined whether sexually active bucks are able to stimulate the endocrine and sexual activities of other bucks in seasonal sexual rest through the phenomenon that we called the \"buck-to-buck effect.\" We used bucks rendered sexually active (SA) during sexual rest by exposure to 2.5 mo of artificial long days (16 h of light per d) and untreated, sexually inactive (SI) bucks. In Experiment 1, we determined the short-term (21 d) LH and testosterone responses of sexually inactive bucks joined with a SA or SI buck. In Experiment 2, we determined the long-term (60 d) testosterone and sexual behavior responses of sexually inactive bucks joined with 2 SA or SI bucks. In Experiment 3, we determined the efficacy of bucks initially exposed to the buck-to-buck effect, the SABB bucks, to thereafter induce a “classical” male effect in seasonally anestrous goats. In Experiments 1 and 2, there was an interaction between time and groups in LH and testosterone plasma concentrations (</span><em>P &lt;</em> 0.01). In Experiment 1, plasma LH concentrations were greater in bucks joined with a SA buck than in those joined with an SI buck (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). In Experiments 1 and 2, testosterone concentrations were greater in bucks joined with SA bucks than in those joined with SI bucks (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). In addition, in Experiment 2, the sexually inactive bucks joined with SA bucks displayed more nudging than those joined with SI bucks (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.001). In Experiment 3, kidding rates did not differ between females joined with SA (34 of 40: 85%) or SABB bucks (32 of 40: 80%; <em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). We concluded that the endocrine and sexual activities of bucks during sexual rest can be stimulated by SA bucks. In addition, SABB bucks are able to stimulate the reproductive activity of seasonally anestrous goats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 106746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40396822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of capromorelin on glycemic control in healthy dogs","authors":"K.M. Pascutti,&nbsp;A.L. O'Kell,&nbsp;R.C. Hill,&nbsp;R.A. Castro,&nbsp;M.E. Salute,&nbsp;C. Gilor","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capromorelin is a ghrelin-receptor agonist widely used as an appetite stimulant in dogs. Capromorelin disrupts glucose homeostasis in cats but information regarding its effects on canine glucose homeostasis is lacking. The study objective was to evaluate the effect of capromorelin on glucose homeostatic mechanisms in healthy dogs. Eight clinically healthy client-owned adult dogs were enrolled in this prospective, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. Dogs were randomized to receive capromorelin (Entyce, 3 mg/kg) or placebo, q24h for 3 d. A wk later, treatments were crossed over. Interstitial glucose (IG) concentrations were measured using a flash glucose monitoring system throughout. On d 1 of each treatment, blood glucose (BG), insulin, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured before drug administration, then before and 30–120 min after feeding a glucose-rich diet (Ensure Plus, 21 kcal/kg). Data were analyzed as a 2-period crossover design using generalized least squares estimation. Capromorelin administration increased mean 48 h IG by10% and mean BG by 20% at 90 and 120 min post-prandially (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001). Post-prandially, there was a time-by-treatment effect for insulin (<em>P =</em> 0.03) and GIP (<em>P =</em> 0.0002) because capromorelin doubled geometric mean insulin concentrations at 120 min and increased geometric mean GIP concentrations more rapidly than after placebo. There were no differences in glucagon or GLP-1 concentrations between treatment groups. The increase in post-prandial blood glucose was not the result of overt suppression of incretin hormone secretion. There was also no suppressive effect of capromorelin on insulin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 106732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43989158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early pregnancy regulates the expression of prolactin and its receptor in the thymus, the liver, the spleen and lymph nodes in sheep","authors":"P. Feng ,&nbsp;J. Wu ,&nbsp;Y. Ren ,&nbsp;L. Zhang,&nbsp;J. Cao,&nbsp;L. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a pituitary hormone, prolactin (PRL) is also synthesized by immune system cells, and exerts its effects on the immune system by binding to its receptor (PRLR) via endocrine and paracrine/autocrine pathways. The immune organs adapt to the presence of fetal alloantigens during pregnancy, and the immune system is composed of primary organs and secondary organs. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of early pregnancy on expression of PRL and PRLR in maternal immune organs in sheep. In this study, the thymus, lymph node, the spleen and the liver were sampled at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy in ewes. Expression of PRL and PRLR was analyzed through quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our data showed that there were an upregulation of PRL and PRLR in the thymus, lymph node and the spleen, and a downregulation in the liver during early pregnancy in ewes. In conclusion, it is reported for the first time that early pregnancy has tissue specific effects on expression of PRL isoform and PRLR isoform in the thymus, lymph node, the spleen and the liver, which may be owing to these organs exerting different functions during early pregnancy, and necessary for the successful pregnancy in sheep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 106731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49164500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of the ovarian superstimulatory response and oocyte collection in prepubertal heifers","authors":"A.R.T. Krause ,&nbsp;F.C.F. Dias ,&nbsp;S.L. Caunce ,&nbsp;G.P. Adams ,&nbsp;R.J. Mapletoft ,&nbsp;J. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objectives were to investigate the relationships between antral follicle counts and plasma AMH and FSH at the time of follicular wave emergence in prepubertal calves, and to determine the effects of age and duration of gonadotropin treatment on the ovarian superstimulatory response in pre- and post-pubertal heifers. Hereford crossbred prepubertal (Replicate 1 and 2, <em>n</em> = 20) and post-pubertal heifers (Replicates 1, <em>n</em> = 8; Replicate 2, n = 8) were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups and given FSH for either 4 or 7 d (25 mg pFSH im at 12-h intervals). Prepubertal heifers were first treated at 4 mo and again at 7 mo of age. Blood samples were collected immediately before the first FSH administration, that was initiated 36 h after follicular ablation. An LH treatment (12.5 mg im) was given 12 h after the last FSH injection. Follicular fluid and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were collected 24 h after LH treatment. At wave emergence, the number of follicles ≥1 mm (AFC, 31.1 ± 4.0 vs 16.2 ± 1.8; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and the plasma concentrations of AMH (606.4 ± 90.5 vs 279.6 ± 28.3 pg/mL; <em>P</em> = 0.001) were higher at 4 than at 7 mo of age, while plasma FSH concentrations did not differ between ages. At oocyte collection, a higher number of follicles ≥6 mm were observed in prepubertal calves at 4 mo of age and post-pubertal heifers than in calves at 7 mo of age (32.4 ± 5.4 and 22.0 ± 2.3 vs 14.9 ± 2.0, respectively; <em>P</em> = 0.003). Intrafollicular concentrations of estradiol were lower (23.7 ± 4.5 vs 144.0 ± 29.5 ng/mL; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and of progesterone tended to be higher (217.5 ± 29.3 vs 157.0 ± 33.9 ng/mL; <em>P</em> = 0.07) in the 7- than in the 4-d groups. A greater number of COC was collected from calves at 4 mo of age and heifers than the 7-mo-old calves (13.4 ± 2.6 and 6.0 ± 1.0 vs 5.8 ± 1.1, respectively; <em>P</em> = 0.008). Overall, the 7-d FSH treatment tended to result in a greater proportion of expanded COC than the 4-d treatment in calves (50.1 ± 7.7 vs 31.9 ± 6.8%; <em>P</em> = 0.07). In summary, there was a positive relationship between AFC and plasma AMH concentrations at the time of wave emergence. A higher AFC was observed in calves at 4- than 7-mo of age, which resulted in greater ovarian response to gonadotropin treatment. Following an exogenous LH stimulus, COC maturation rates were greater in the 7-d than in the 4-d FSH treatment groups, resulting in collection of a higher proportion of fully expanded COC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 106729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of methionine, leucine, and insulin on circulating concentrations and mammary extraction of energy substrates and amino acids in lactating dairy cows","authors":"Virginia L. Pszczolkowski ,&nbsp;Haowen Hu ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Meghan K. Connelly ,&nbsp;Amelia S. Munsterman ,&nbsp;Sebastian I. Arriola Apelo","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this experiment was to test whether insulin potentiates the effects of two abomasally infused amino acids (AA), leucine and methionine (LM), on mammary extraction efficiency of energetic and nitrogenous nutrients. Six lactating Holstein cows (155 ± 9 DIM) were ruminally-cannulated and had the right carotid artery subcutaneously transposed. Cows were fed a 20% metabolizable protein-restricted diet and abomasally infused with water (8 L/d) or AA (Met 26 g/d, Leu 70 g/d) for 8 h/d, for 7 days. On the last day of each period, cows were intravenously infused with saline (0.9% NaCl, 110 mL/h) or subjected to 8 h hyperinsulinemic clamp (IC) alongside abomasal infusions. For IC, insulin was infused at 1 µg/kg/h. Normoglycemia was maintained by varying glucose (50% w/v in water) infusion rate based on coccygeal vein glucose concentration. Carotid arterial and subcutaneous abdominal (mammary) vein blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h from the start of infusions. Milk weights and samples for baseline measurements of production were taken on day 5 PM, day 6 AM and PM, and day 7 AM of the experimental period. A final milk weight and sample was taken immediately after abomasal and intravenous infusions on day 7 PM for assessing the interaction between insulin and the infused AA. The experiment had an incompletely replicated Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (abomasal and intravenous infusion). Baseline milk production when cows were only receiving abomasal infusions was largely unaffected by LM, but milk protein yield tended to be decreased. On day 7, LM tended to positively increase milk fat and de novo fatty acid content, and IC tended to decrease milk protein content. Both milk urea nitrogen and plasma urea nitrogen were decreased by IC. Circulating AA concentrations in plasma were decreased by both LM and IC, but mammary extraction efficiency was affected by neither. Infusion of LM had no effect on any energy metabolite analyzed. Circulating non-esterified fatty acid concentration was decreased by IC, with no effect on mammary extraction efficiency. Mammary extraction efficiency of both acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate were decreased by IC. Overall, while both circulating concentrations of energy metabolites and amino acids were decreased in response to treatments, this was not due to improved mammary extraction efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 106730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47793922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}