Diagnostic and interventional radiology最新文献

{"title":"Findings of suspicious calcifications on contrast-enhanced mammography and their pathological correlation.","authors":"Dilşah Oral, İhsan Şebnem Örgüç, Hanife Seda Mavili, Teoman Coşkun","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.253352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine the performance of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in evaluating suspicious calcifications not associated with a mass.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with suspicious calcifications detected on CEM performed at our center between February 2021 and December 2023 were included in the study. Retrospectively, the morphology, distribution, and longest axis length of the calcifications were assessed on low-energy images, whereas contrast enhancement intensity, pattern, longest axis length, and enhancement curves were analyzed on recombined images. The pathological diagnosis, grade, Ki-67 index, and (if available) the longest lesion length in the surgical specimen were recorded. Using pathology as the gold standard, various CEM parameters were evaluated for their performance in assessing this group of calcifications. Primary and secondary analyses were performed based on combined low or no enhancement and no enhancement alone, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study includes 132 lesions in 114 patients,18 of whom had bilateral calcifications. Of the 132 lesions included in the study, 78 were benign, and 54 were malignant. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were determined as follows: 72.2%, 62.8%, 57.3%, and 76% in low-energy images; 79.6%, 80.8%, 74.1%, and 85.1% in the primary analysis of recombined images; and 98.2%, 47.4%, 56.4%, and 97.4% in the secondary analysis. Contrast enhancement intensity was identified as a significant parameter influencing malignancy risk. A strong statistical correlation was observed between lesion length measurements in both low-energy and recombined images compared with pathology (r = 0.733 and r = 0.879, <i>P</i> < 0.001 for both), with mean differences of -4.75 mm and +4.45 mm. No statistically significant relationship was found between contrast enhancement intensity and the distinction between invasive and <i>in situ</i> carcinoma (<i>P</i> = 0.698) or the differentiation of ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i> grade (<i>P</i> = 0.336). A significant correlation was detected between pathology and dynamic contrast enhancement types adapted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (<i>P</i> = 0.019). Although no statistically significant linear correlation was found between the Ki-67 index and contrast enhancement intensity, the <i>P</i> value was close to significance (<i>P</i> = 0.057).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CEM demonstrates strong performance in the assessment of suspicious calcifications by combining the morphological and distributional features of digital mammography with enhancement characteristics similar to MRI.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The findings support that CEM exhibits effective performance in evaluating suspicious calcifications not associated with a mass and may have a potential role in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion kurtosis versus diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating clear cell renal cell carcinoma and renal angiomyolipoma with minimal fat: a comparative study.","authors":"Yarong Lin, Wenrong Zhu, Qingqiang Zhu","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.242880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.242880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantitatively compare the diagnostic values of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and renal angiomyolipoma with minimal fat (RAMF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-eight patients with ccRCC and 18 patients with RAMF were retrospectively studied. For DKI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), respiratory-triggered echo-planar imaging sequences were acquired in the axial plane (three <i>b</i>-values: 0, 1000, 2000 s/mm²; one <i>b</i>-value: 2000 s/mm²). Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), kurtosis anisotropy (KA), radial kurtosis (RK), and ADC were evaluated. The diagnostic efficacy of various diffusion parameters in predicting ccRCC and RAMF was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ADC and MD values of ccRCCs were higher than those of RAMFs (<i>P</i> < 0.05), whereas comparable FA, MK, and KA values were observed between ccRCCs and RAMFs (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Moreover, the RK values of RAMFs were higher than those of ccRCCs (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that MD values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating ccRCCs from RAMFs. In pairwise comparisons of ROC curves and diagnostic efficacy, DKI parameters demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy than ADC in differentiating between ccRCCs and RAMFs (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DKI analysis demonstrates superior performance than ADC analysis in differentiating ccRCC and RAMF.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>DKI technology may serve as an additional non-invasive biomarker for the differential diagnosis of renal tumor types.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-pulmonary postoperative complications of cardiothoracic surgery.","authors":"Furkan Ufuk, İclal Ocak, Lydia Chelala, Luis Landeras","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.253354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiothoracic surgery, including coronary artery bypass grafting, valve replacement, and transplantation, has considerably advanced, improving patient survival and outcomes. However, non-pulmonary postoperative complications remain a major concern, contributing to morbidity and mortality. These complications encompass cardiovascular events, vascular injuries, infections, and device-related issues that can severely impact recovery. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to mitigating risks and improving patient outcomes. Advanced imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography play a pivotal role in identifying and characterizing complications before clinical deterioration occurs. This review highlights the spectrum of acute non-pulmonary complications following cardiothoracic surgery, emphasizing the diagnostic value of imaging in guiding clinical decision-making. By improving the awareness of imaging findings associated with postoperative complications, radiologists and clinicians can facilitate early detection, enabling prompt surgical or medical interventions. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates imaging surveillance with clinical assessment is essential for optimizing patient care and reducing long-term morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short to mid-term outcomes of flow re-direction endoluminal device X (FRED^TM X) in the management of intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Alperen Elek, Gülfem Nur Dindar, Sidar Karagöz, Semra Yücel, Eda Teomete, Celal Çınar, Mahmut Küsbeci, Egemen Öztürk, İsmail Oran","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.253309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This meta-analysis evaluates the clinical and angiographic outcomes of the flow re-direction endoluminal device X (FRED^TM X) in treating intracranial aneurysms. A systematic review was performed across Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2025. Eligible studies included those reporting clinical and angiographic results of FRED X treatment. Favorable outcomes were defined as those stated explicitly in the studies or a modified Rankin scale score of 0-2. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model in R. A total of nine studies encompassing 780 patients with 869 aneurysms were included. The weighted mean age was 56.28 years, with 19.1% of patients being men. Most aneurysms were saccular (85.7%), unruptured (92.52%), and located in the anterior circulation (73.6%), primarily in the internal carotid artery. The average aneurysm size was 13.12 mm. All studies employed dual antiplatelet therapy, with antiplatelet response testing performed in eight studies. The mean clinical follow-up period was 9.27 months. The meta-analysis demonstrated favorable neurological outcomes in 97.71% of cases and complete or near-complete occlusion in 86.9%. Procedure-related complications were reported in 9.28% of cases, while in-stent thrombosis or intimal hyperplasia occurred in 4.29%. Overall mortality was low at 0.60%. Subgroup analysis revealed that unruptured aneurysms had a 100% rate of favorable neurological outcomes and an 84.76% rate of complete or near-complete occlusion. Complication and mortality rates were 7.76% and 0.25%, respectively. In addition, favorable outcomes were seen in 100% of ruptured aneurysm cases; however, complete occlusion was achieved in only 59.65%, and the mortality rate was higher at 9.19%. Therefore, FRED X demonstrated high efficacy and procedural safety in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, offering improved outcomes compared with earlier-generation flow diverters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography-guided irreversible electroporation for a pubic bone metastasis: a technical note and early experience.","authors":"Claudio Pusceddu, Eliodoro Faiella, Claudio Cau, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Paolo Cossu, Salvatore Marsico","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253402","DOIUrl":"10.4274/dir.2025.253402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone metastases are common in advanced solid tumors and often require local control strategies in addition to systemic therapy. Although thermal ablation is an established method for selected lesions, its use may be limited in anatomically complex or heat-sensitive locations. Irreversible electroporation, a non-thermal ablative technique widely used in visceral oncology, has not yet been reported for the treatment of bone metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in radiology examinations: a psychometric comparison of question generation methods.","authors":"Emre Emekli, Betül Nalan Karahan","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.253407","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the usability of artificial intelligence (AI)-based question generation methods-Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT)-4o (a non-template-based large language model) and a template-based automatic item generation (AIG) method-in the context of radiology education. The primary objective was to compare the psychometric properties, perceived quality, and educational applicability of generated multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with those written by a faculty member.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifth-year medical students who participated in the radiology clerkship at Eskişehir Osmangazi University were invited to take a voluntary 15-question examination covering musculoskeletal and rheumatologic imaging. The examination included five MCQs from each of three sources: a radiologist educator, ChatGPT-4o, and the template-based AIG method. Student responses were evaluated in terms of difficulty and discrimination indices. Following the examination, students rated each question using a Likert scale based on clarity, difficulty, plausibility of distractors, and alignment with learning goals. Correlations between students' examination performance and their theoretical/practical radiology grades were analyzed using Pearson's correlation method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 115 students participated. Faculty-written questions had the highest mean correct response rate (2.91 ± 1.34), followed by template-based AIG (2.32 ± 1.66) and ChatGPT-4o (2.3 ± 1.14) questions (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The mean difficulty index was 0.58 for faculty, and 0.46 for both template- based AIG and ChatGPT-4o. Discrimination indices were acceptable (≥0.2) or very good (≥0.4) for template-based AIG questions. In contrast, four of the ChatGPT-generated questions were acceptable, and three were very good. Student evaluations of questions and the overall examination were favorable, particularly regarding question clarity and content alignment. Examination scores showed a weak correlation with practical examination performance (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.041), but not with theoretical grades (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.652).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Both the ChatGPT-4o and template-based AIG methods produced MCQs with acceptable psychometric properties. While faculty-written questions were most effective overall, AI-generated questions- especially those from the template-based AIG method-showed strong potential for use in radiology education. However, the small number of items per method and the single-institution context limit the robustness and generalizability of the findings. These results should be regarded as exploratory, and further validation in larger, multicenter studies is required.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical significance: &lt;/strong&gt;AI-based question generation may potentially support educators by enhancing efficiency and consistency in assessment item creation. These methods may complement traditional approaches to h","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in radiology: diagnostic sensitivity of ChatGPT for detecting hemorrhages in cranial computed tomography scans.","authors":"Olga Bayar-Kapıcı, Erman Altunışık, Feyza Musabeyoğlu, Şeyda Dev, Ömer Kaya","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.253456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT)-4V, a large language model developed by OpenAI, has been explored for its potential application in radiology. This study assesses ChatGPT-4V's diagnostic performance in identifying various types of intracranial hemorrhages in non-contrast cranial computed tomography (CT) images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Intracranial hemorrhages were presented to ChatGPT using the clearest 2D imaging slices. The first question, \"Q1: Which imaging technique is used in this image?\" was asked to determine the imaging modality. ChatGPT was then prompted with the second question, \"Q2: What do you see in this image and what is the final diagnosis?\" to assess whether the CT scan was normal or showed pathology. For CT scans containing hemorrhage that ChatGPT did not interpret correctly, a follow-up question-\"Q3: There is bleeding in this image. Which type of bleeding do you see?\"-was used to evaluate whether this guidance influenced its response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT accurately identified the imaging technique (Q1) in all cases but demonstrated difficulty diagnosing epidural hematoma (EDH), subdural hematoma (SDH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) when no clues were provided (Q2). When a hemorrhage clue was introduced (Q3), ChatGPT correctly identified EDH in 16.7% of cases, SDH in 60%, and SAH in 15.6%, and achieved 100% diagnostic accuracy for hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. Its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for Q2 were 23.6%, 92.5%, and 57.4%, respectively. These values improved substantially with the clue in Q3, with sensitivity rising to 50.9% and accuracy to 71.3%. ChatGPT also demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy in larger hemorrhages in EDH and SDH images.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the model performs well in recognizing imaging modalities, its diagnostic accuracy substantially improves when guided by additional contextual information.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>These findings suggest that ChatGPT's diagnostic performance improves with guided prompts, highlighting its potential as a supportive tool in clinical radiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal carcinoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Xiaolong Liu, Keping Liao, Peng Wang, Yongqiang Gao, Yongxin Du","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.253291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Accurate identification of lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis is imperative for guiding LPLN dissection to reduce local recurrence in patients with rectal carcinoma. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for LPLN metastasis in patients with rectal carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies related to the diagnostic performance of MRI for LPLN metastasis in patients with rectal carcinoma through June 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis included 12 studies comprising 1,015 patients. The pooled sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI)] and specificity (95% CI) of MRI for diagnosing LPLN metastasis were 0.66 (0.53, 0.80) and 0.82 (0.76, 0.88), respectively. The pooled positive likelihood ratio (LR) (95% CI) and negative LR (95% CI) were 2.82 (2.14, 3.51) and 0.41 (0.27, 0.55), respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.824. The quality of the included studies was acceptable according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. However, publication bias was present, as indicated by Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test (<i>P</i> = 0.020). Considering that heterogeneity contributed to publication bias, a meta-regression analysis was conducted and revealed that heterogeneity could be influenced by sample size, with sample size negatively associated with sensitivity (coefficient: -0.002, <i>P</i> = 0.009) and positively associated with negative LR (coefficient: 0.002, <i>P</i> = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative MRI demonstrates an acceptable ability to identify LPLN metastasis in patients with rectal carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Clinically, our findings support that preoperative MRI has acceptable diagnostic ability for LPLN metastasis in patients with rectal carcinoma. The preoperative application of MRI may aid in optimizing treatment strategies and improving prognosis in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of three-tesla magnetic resonance imaging with pathology in detecting deep myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer and revealing causes of discrepancy.","authors":"Murat Ağırlar, İlkay Çamlıdağ, Murat Danacı","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.253306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy of three-tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining deep myometrial invasion (DMI) in endometrial cancer (EC) cases and to reveal possible causes of discrepancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with EC who underwent preoperative pelvic MRI examination at a tertiary hospital were independently and blindly reviewed for DMI by two radiologists with differing levels of expertise. On MRI, the invasion of the endometrial mass into the myometrium was defined as superficial or deep (<50% or ≥50%) and was compared with the gold standard pathology reports, evaluated using the same criteria. Cases with discrepancies between MRI and pathology were re-evaluated, and the causes of the discrepancies were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 226 patients were included. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI in detecting DMI were calculated as 77%, 93%, 84%, 88%, and 87%, respectively. In cases where radiology and pathology results were incompatible, expansile masses were found in 38%, myomas located near the lesion in 27%, masses located in the uterine horn in 21%, and in 14%, a specific cause explaining the error could not be identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRI is the definitive diagnostic method for determining DMI. Awareness of these causes of discrepancy in MRI reporting can increase the value of the examination and contribute to patient management.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This study highlights that 3T MRI has a high accuracy (87%) in detecting DMI in EC and demonstrates that analyzing misinterpretations can enhance reliability in patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundation models for radiology: fundamentals, applications, opportunities, challenges, risks, and prospects.","authors":"Tugba Akinci D'Antonoli, Christian Bluethgen, Renato Cuocolo, Michail E Klontzas, Andrea Ponsiglione, Burak Kocak","doi":"10.4274/dir.2025.253445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2025.253445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foundation models (FMs) represent a significant evolution in artificial intelligence (AI), impacting diverse fields. Within radiology, this evolution offers greater adaptability, multimodal integration, and improved generalizability compared with traditional narrow AI. Utilizing large-scale pre-training and efficient fine-tuning, FMs can support diverse applications, including image interpretation, report generation, integrative diagnostics combining imaging with clinical/laboratory data, and synthetic data creation, holding significant promise for advancements in precision medicine. However, clinical translation of FMs faces several substantial challenges. Key concerns include the inherent opacity of model decision-making processes, environmental and social sustainability issues, risks to data privacy, complex ethical considerations, such as bias and fairness, and navigating the uncertainty of regulatory frameworks. Moreover, rigorous validation is essential to address inherent stochasticity and the risk of hallucination. This international collaborative effort provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, applications, opportunities, challenges, and prospects of FMs, aiming to guide their responsible and effective adoption in radiology and healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":11341,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and interventional radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}