{"title":"Biopolymers as promising vehicles for drug delivery to the brain.","authors":"Rajeswara Babu Mythri, Mysore Rajeswara Babu Aishwarya","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2281855","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2281855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain is a privileged organ, tightly guarded by a network of endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells called the blood brain barrier. This barrier facilitates tight regulation of the transport of molecules, ions, and cells from the blood to the brain. While this feature ensures protection to the brain, it also presents a challenge for drug delivery for brain diseases. It is, therefore, crucial to identify molecules and/or vehicles that carry drugs, cross the blood brain barrier, and reach targets within the central nervous system. Biopolymers are large polymeric molecules obtained from biological sources. In comparison with synthetic polymers, biopolymers are structurally more complex and their 3D architecture makes them biologically active. Researchers are therefore investigating biopolymers as safe and efficient carriers of brain-targeted therapeutic agents. In this article, we bring together various approaches toward achieving this objective with a note on the prospects for biopolymer-based neurotherapeutic/neurorestorative/neuroprotective interventions. Finally, as a representative paradigm, we discuss the potential use of nanocarrier biopolymers in targeting protein aggregation diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"46-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89717350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug Metabolism ReviewsPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2313967
Saleh M Khalil, Kevin R MacKenzie, Mirjana Maletic-Savatic, Feng Li
{"title":"Metabolic bioactivation of antidepressants: advance and underlying hepatotoxicity.","authors":"Saleh M Khalil, Kevin R MacKenzie, Mirjana Maletic-Savatic, Feng Li","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2024.2313967","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2024.2313967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many drugs that serve as first-line medications for the treatment of depression are associated with severe side effects, including liver injury. Of the 34 antidepressants discussed in this review, four have been withdrawn from the market due to severe hepatotoxicity, and others carry boxed warnings for idiosyncratic liver toxicity. The clinical and economic implications of antidepressant-induced liver injury are substantial, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Drug-induced liver injury may involve the host immune system, the parent drug, or its metabolites, and reactive drug metabolites are one of the most commonly referenced risk factors. Although the precise mechanism by which toxicity is induced may be difficult to determine, identifying reactive metabolites that cause toxicity can offer valuable insights for decreasing the bioactivation potential of candidates during the drug discovery process. A comprehensive understanding of drug metabolic pathways can mitigate adverse drug-drug interactions that may be caused by elevated formation of reactive metabolites. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on antidepressant bioactivation, the metabolizing enzymes responsible for the formation of reactive metabolites, and their potential implication in hepatotoxicity. This information can be a valuable resource for medicinal chemists, toxicologists, and clinicians engaged in the fields of antidepressant development, toxicity, and depression treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"97-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11118075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug Metabolism ReviewsPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2305764
Yu-Juan Yi, Hong Tang, Peng-Lai Pi, Han-Wen Zhang, Si-Yu Du, Wei-Ye Ge, Qi Dai, Zi-Yan Zhao, Jia Li, Zheng Sun
{"title":"Melatonin in cancer biology: pathways, derivatives, and the promise of targeted delivery.","authors":"Yu-Juan Yi, Hong Tang, Peng-Lai Pi, Han-Wen Zhang, Si-Yu Du, Wei-Ye Ge, Qi Dai, Zi-Yan Zhao, Jia Li, Zheng Sun","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2024.2305764","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2024.2305764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin, historically recognized for its primary role in regulating circadian rhythms, has expanded its influence particularly due to its wide range of biological activities. It has firmly established itself in cancer research. To highlight its versatility, we delved into how melatonin interacts with key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-Catenin, PI3K, and NF-κB pathways, which play foundational roles in tumor development and progression. Notably, melatonin can intricately modulate these pathways, potentially affecting various cellular functions such as apoptosis, metastasis, and immunity. Additionally, a comprehensive review of current clinical studies provides a dual perspective. These studies confirm melatonin's potential in cancer management but also underscore its inherent limitations, particularly its limited bioavailability, which often relegates it to a supplementary role in treatments. Despite this limitation, there is an ongoing quest for innovative solutions and current advancements include the development of melatonin derivatives and cutting-edge delivery systems. By synthesizing the past, present, and future, this review provides a detailed overview of melatonin's evolving role in oncology, positioning it as a potential cornerstone in future cancer therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"62-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139471383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug Metabolism ReviewsPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2303507
Robert E London
{"title":"The aminosalicylate - folate connection.","authors":"Robert E London","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2024.2303507","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2024.2303507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two aminosalicylate isomers have been found to possess useful pharmacological behavior: <i>p</i>-aminosalicylate (PAS, 4AS) is an anti-tubercular agent that targets <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, and 5-aminosalicylate (5AS, mesalamine, mesalazine) is used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and other inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). PAS, a structural analog of pABA, is biosynthetically incorporated by bacterial dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), ultimately yielding a dihydrofolate (DHF) analog containing an additional hydroxyl group in the pABA ring: 2'-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrofolate. It has been reported to perturb folate metabolism in <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, and to selectively target <i>M. tuberculosis</i> dihydrofolate reductase (mtDHFR). Studies of PAS metabolism are reviewed, and possible mechanisms for its mtDHFR inhibition are considered. Although 5AS is a more distant structural relative of pABA, multiple lines of evidence suggest a related role as a pABA antagonist that inhibits bacterial folate biosynthesis. Structural data support the likelihood that 5AS is recognized by the DHPS pABA binding site, and its effects probably range from blocking pABA binding to formation of a dead-end dihydropterin-5AS adduct. These studies suggest that mesalamine acts as a gut bacteria-directed antifolate, that selectively targets faster growing, more folate-dependent species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"80-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug Metabolism ReviewsPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2326415
Mir Saleh Hoseininezhad-Namin, Elaheh Rahimpour, Abolghasem Jouyban
{"title":"Favipiravir, remdesivir, and lopinavir: metabolites, degradation products and their analytical methods.","authors":"Mir Saleh Hoseininezhad-Namin, Elaheh Rahimpour, Abolghasem Jouyban","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2024.2326415","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2024.2326415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic all over the world. Several studies have suggested that antiviral drugs such as favipiravir (FAV), remdesivir (RDV), and lopinavir (LPV) may potentially prevent the spread of the virus in the host cells and person-to-person transmission. Simultaneously with the widespread use of these drugs, their stability and action mechanism studies have also attracted the attention of many researchers. This review focuses on the action mechanism, metabolites and degradation products of these antiviral drugs (FAV, RDV and LPV) and demonstrates various methods for their quantification and discrimination in the different biological samples. Herein, the instrumental methods for analysis of the main form of drugs or their metabolite and degradation products are classified into two types: optical and chromatography methods which the last one in combination with various detectors provides a powerful method for routine and stability analyses. Some representative studies are reported in this review and the details of them are carefully explained. It is hoped that this review will be a good guideline study and provide a better understanding of these drugs from the aspects investigated in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"127-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140038944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara A. Helal, Samar H. Gerges, Ayman O. S. El-Kadi
{"title":"Enantioselectivity in some physiological and pathophysiological roles of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids","authors":"Sara A. Helal, Samar H. Gerges, Ayman O. S. El-Kadi","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2284110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2023.2284110","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of chirality has been shown to greatly impact drug activities and effects. Different enantiomers may exhibit different effects in a certain biological condition or disease state. Cyt...","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug Metabolism ReviewsPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2244193
Shuai Wang, Upendra A Argikar, Lionel Cheruzel, Sungjoon Cho, Rachel D Crouch, Deepika Dhaware, Carley J S Heck, Kevin M Johnson, Amit S Kalgutkar, Lloyd King, Joyce Liu, Bin Ma, Hlaing Maw, Grover P Miller, Herana Kamal Seneviratne, Ryan H Takahashi, Cong Wei, S Cyrus Khojasteh
{"title":"Bioactivation and reactivity research advances - 2022 year in review‡.","authors":"Shuai Wang, Upendra A Argikar, Lionel Cheruzel, Sungjoon Cho, Rachel D Crouch, Deepika Dhaware, Carley J S Heck, Kevin M Johnson, Amit S Kalgutkar, Lloyd King, Joyce Liu, Bin Ma, Hlaing Maw, Grover P Miller, Herana Kamal Seneviratne, Ryan H Takahashi, Cong Wei, S Cyrus Khojasteh","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2244193","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2244193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the 50th year mark since the launch of <i>Drug Metabolism and Disposition</i> journal, the field of drug metabolism and bioactivation has advanced exponentially in the past decades (Guengerich 2023).This has, in a major part, been due to the continued advances across the whole spectrum of applied technologies in hardware, software, machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI). LC-MS platforms continue to evolve to support key applications in the field, and automation is also improving the accuracy, precision, and throughput of these supporting assays. In addition, sample generation and processing is being aided by increased diversity and quality of reagents and bio-matrices so that what is being analyzed is more relevant and translatable. The application of <i>in silico</i> platforms (applied software, ML, and AI) is also making great strides, and in tandem with the more traditional approaches mentioned previously, is significantly advancing our understanding of bioactivation pathways and how these play a role in toxicity. All of this continues to allow the area of bioactivation to evolve in parallel with associated fields to help bring novel or improved medicines to patients with urgent or unmet needs.Shuai Wang and Cyrus Khojasteh, on behalf of the authors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"267-300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10052216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug Metabolism ReviewsPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-28DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2262161
S Cyrus Khojasteh, Upendra A Argikar, Lionel Cheruzel, Sungjoon Cho, Rachel D Crouch, Deepika Dhaware, Carley J S Heck, Kevin M Johnson, Amit S Kalgutkar, Lloyd King, Joyce Liu, Bin Ma, Hlaing Maw, Grover P Miller, Herana Kamal Seneviratne, Ryan H Takahashi, Shuai Wang, Cong Wei, Klarissa D Jackson
{"title":"Biotransformation research advances - 2022 year in review.","authors":"S Cyrus Khojasteh, Upendra A Argikar, Lionel Cheruzel, Sungjoon Cho, Rachel D Crouch, Deepika Dhaware, Carley J S Heck, Kevin M Johnson, Amit S Kalgutkar, Lloyd King, Joyce Liu, Bin Ma, Hlaing Maw, Grover P Miller, Herana Kamal Seneviratne, Ryan H Takahashi, Shuai Wang, Cong Wei, Klarissa D Jackson","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2262161","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2262161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This annual review is the eighth of its kind since 2016 (Baillie et al. 2016, Khojasteh et al. 2017, Khojasteh et al. 2018, Khojasteh et al. 2019, Khojasteh et al. 2020, Khojasteh et al. 2021, Khojasteh et al. 2022). Our objective is to explore and share articles which we deem influential and significant in the field of biotransformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"301-342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41114554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New strategy for rational use of antihypertensive drugs in clinical practice in high-altitude hypoxic environments.","authors":"Delong Duo, Yabin Duan, Junbo Zhu, Xue Bai, Jianxin Yang, Guiqin Liu, Qian Wang, Xiangyang Li","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2250930","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2250930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-altitude hypoxic environments have critical implications on cardiovascular system function as well as blood pressure regulation. Such environments place patients with hypertension at risk by activating the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to an increase in blood pressure. In addition, the high-altitude hypoxic environment alters the <i>in vivo</i> metabolism and antihypertensive effects of antihypertensive drugs, which changes the activity and expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. The present study reviewed the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antihypertensive drugs and its effects on patients with hypertension in a high-altitude hypoxic environment. It also proposes a new strategy for the rational use of antihypertensive drugs in clinical practice in high-altitude hypoxic environments. The increase in blood pressure on exposure to a high-altitude hypoxic environment was mainly dependent on increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Blood pressure also increased proportionally to altitude, whilst ambulatory blood pressure increased more than conventional blood pressure, especially at night. High-altitude hypoxia can reduce the activities and expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A1, and CYP2E1, while increasing those of CYP2D1, CYP2D6, and CYP3A6. Drug transporter changes were related to tissue type, hypoxic degree, and hypoxic exposure time. Furthermore, the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on drug-metabolism enzymes and transporters altered drug pharmacokinetics, causing changes in pharmacodynamic responses. These findings suggest that high-altitude hypoxic environments affect the blood pressure, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of antihypertensive drugs. The optimal hypertension treatment plan and safe and effective medication strategy should be formulated considering high-altitude hypoxic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"388-404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10432881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug Metabolism ReviewsPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2252618
Paresh P Chothe, Pallabi Mitra, Masanori Nakakariya, Diane Ramsden, Charles J Rotter, Philip Sandoval, Kimio Tohyama
{"title":"Drug transporters in drug disposition - the year 2022 in review.","authors":"Paresh P Chothe, Pallabi Mitra, Masanori Nakakariya, Diane Ramsden, Charles J Rotter, Philip Sandoval, Kimio Tohyama","doi":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2252618","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03602532.2023.2252618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On behalf of all the authors, I am pleased to share our third annual review on drug transporter science with an emphasis on articles published and deemed influential in signifying drug transporters' role in drug disposition in the year 2022. As the drug transporter field is rapidly evolving several key findings were noted including promising endogenous biomarkers, rhythmic activity, IVIVE approaches in transporter-mediated clearance, new modality interaction, and transporter effect on gut microbiome. As identified previously (Chothe et Cal. 2021, 2022) the goal of this review is to highlight key findings without a comprehensive overview of each article and to this end, each coauthor independently selected 1-3 peer-reviewed articles published or available online in the year 2022 (Table 1). Each article is summarized in synopsis and commentary with unbiased viewpoints by each coauthor. We strongly encourage readers to consult original articles for specifics of the study. Finally, I would like to thank all coauthors for their continued support in writing this annual review on drug transporters and invite anyone interested in contributing to future versions of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":11307,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"343-370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10521854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}