Developmental Neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"The origin and repopulation of microglia","authors":"Lijuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yue Cao,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyang Gu,&nbsp;Ying Mao,&nbsp;Bo Peng","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22862","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system. There is growing interest in the study of microglia due to their implication in neurodevelopment, acute injury, and neuropsychiatric disorders. They undergo birth, death, and regeneration during the lifetime. Although data on the ontogeny of microglia have been studied for decades, the birth and repopulation of microglia remain legendary and mysterious. In this review, we discuss recent studies that provide new insights into the origin and regeneration of microglia. Modulating the development of microglia may offer new therapeutic opportunities for preventing deleterious effects of inflammation and controlling excessive inflammation in brain diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"112-124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dneu.22862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39788566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microglial TREM2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Manling Xie,&nbsp;Shunyi Zhao,&nbsp;Dale B. Bosco,&nbsp;Aivi Nguyen,&nbsp;Long-Jun Wu","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22864","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22864","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is an aggressive motor neuron degenerative disease characterized by selective loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. The mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression are poorly understood. The involvement of nonmotor neuraxis emphasizes the contribution of glial cells in disease progress. Microglia comprise a unique subset of glial cells and are the principal immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is a surface receptor that, within the CNS, is exclusively expressed on microglia and plays crucial roles in microglial proliferation, migration, activation, metabolism, and phagocytosis. Genetic evidence has linked TREM2 to neurodegenerative diseases including ALS, but its function in ALS pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this review, we summarize how microglial activation, with a specific focus on TREM2 function, affects ALS progression clinically and experimentally. Understanding microglial TREM2 function will help pinpoint the molecular target for ALS treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"125-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8898078/pdf/nihms-1768807.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39789047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lncRNA H19 on nerve degeneration and regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in rats","authors":"Yuting Li,&nbsp;Min Cai,&nbsp;Yumei Feng,&nbsp;Bryant Yung,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Nannan Gao,&nbsp;Xi Xu,&nbsp;Huanhuan Zhang,&nbsp;Huiwei Huang,&nbsp;Dengbing Yao","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22861","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hundreds of millions of people worldwide suffer from peripheral nerve damage resulting from car accidents, falls, industrial accidents, residential accidents, and wars. The purpose of our study was to further investigate the effects of Wallerian degeneration (WD) after rat sciatic nerve injury and to screen for critical long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in WD. We found H19 to be essential for nerve degeneration and regeneration and to be highly expressed in the sciatic nerves of rats with WD. lncRNA H19 potentially impaired the recovery of sciatic nerve function in rats. H19 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells (SCs) and promoted their migration. H19 promoted the apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and slowed the growth of DRG axons. The lncRNA H19 may play a role in WD through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and is coexpressed with a variety of crucial mRNAs during WD. These data provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms of WD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"98-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dneu.22861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39922209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon regulatory factor-7 is required for hair cell development during zebrafish embryogenesis","authors":"Song-Qun Hu,&nbsp;Hui-Min Xu,&nbsp;Fu-Ping Qian,&nbsp;Chang-Sheng Chen,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Dong Liu,&nbsp;Lei Cheng","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22860","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22860","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF7) is an essential regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity. It is also expressed in the otic vesicle of zebrafish embryos. However, any role for <i>irf7</i> in hair cell development was uncharacterized. Does it work as a potential deaf gene to regulate hair cell development? We used whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) assay and morpholino-mediated gene knockdown method to investigate the role of <i>irf7</i> in the development of otic vesicle hair cells during zebrafish embryogenesis. We performed RNA sequencing to gain a detailed insight into the molecules/genes which are altered upon downregulation of <i>irf7</i>. Compared to the wild-type siblings, knockdown of <i>irf7</i> resulted in severe developmental retardation in zebrafish embryos as well as loss of neuromasts and damage to hair cells at an early stage (within 3 days post fertilization). Coinjection of zebrafish <i>irf7</i> mRNA could partially rescued the defects of the morphants. <i>atp1b2b</i> mRNA injection can also partially rescue the phenotype induced by <i>irf7</i> gene deficiency. Loss of hair cells in <i>irf7</i>-morphants does not result from cell apoptosis. Gene expression profiles show that, compared to wild-type, knockdown of <i>irf7</i> can lead to 2053 and 2678 genes being upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Among them, 18 genes were annotated to hair cell (HC) development or posterior lateral line (PLL) development. All results suggest that <i>irf7</i> plays an essential role in hair cell development in zebrafish, indicating that <i>irf7</i> may be a member of deafness gene family.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"88-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/fd/DNEU-82-88.PMC9305156.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39878281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel localizations of TRPC5 channels suggest novel and unexplored roles: A study in the chick embryo brain","authors":"Sharifuddin Rifat Ahmed,&nbsp;Elise Liu,&nbsp;Alissa Yip,&nbsp;Yuqi Lin,&nbsp;Evan Balaban,&nbsp;Maria Pompeiano","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22857","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22857","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mammalian TRPC5 channels are predominantly expressed in the brain, where they increase intracellular Ca²⁺ and induce depolarization. Because they augment presynaptic vesicle release, cause persistent neural activity, and show constitutive activity, TRPC5s could play a functional role in late developmental brain events. We used immunohistochemistry to examine TRPC5 in the chick embryo brain between 8 and 20 days of incubation, and provide the first detailed description of their distribution in birds and in the whole brain of any animal species. Stained areas substantially increased between E8 and E16, and staining intensity in many areas peaked at E16, a time when chick brains first show organized patterns of whole-brain metabolic activation like what is seen consistently after hatching. Areas showing cell soma staining match areas showing <i>Trpc5</i> mRNA or protein in adult rodents (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellar Purkinje cells). Chick embryos show protein staining in the optic tectum, cerebellar nuclei, and several brainstem nuclei; equivalent areas in the Allen Institute mouse maps express <i>Trpc5</i> mRNA. The strongest cell soma staining was found in a dorsal hypothalamic area (matching a group of parvicellular arginine vasotocin neurons and a pallial amygdalohypothalamic cell corridor) and the vagal motor complex. Purkinje cells showed strong dendritic staining at E20. Unexpectedly, we also describe neurite staining in the septum, several hypothalamic nuclei, and a paramedian raphe area; the strongest neurite staining was in the median eminence. These novel localizations suggest new unexplored TRPC5 functions, and possible roles in late embryonic brain development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"41-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dneu.22857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39562877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-lasting implications of embryonic exposure to alcohol: Insights from zebrafish research","authors":"José Henrique Cararo,&nbsp;Eduardo Pacheco Rico","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22855","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22855","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The harmful consumption of ethanol is associated with significant health problems and social burdens. This drug activates a complex network of reward mechanisms and habit formation learning that is supposed to contribute to the consumption of increasingly high and frequent amounts, ultimately leading to addiction. In the context of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a consequence of the harmful use of alcohol during pregnancy, which affects the embryonic development of the fetus. FAS can be easily reproduced in zebrafish by exposing the embryos to different concentrations of ethanol in water. In this regard, the aim of the present review is to discuss the late pathological implications in zebrafish exposed to ethanol at the embryonic stage, providing information in the context of human fetal alcoholic spectrum disorders. Experimental FAS in zebrafish is associated with impairments in the metabolic, morphological, neurochemical, behavioral, and cognitive domains. Many of the pathways that are affected by ethanol in zebrafish have at least one ortholog in humans, collaborating with the wider adoption of zebrafish in studies on alcohol disorders. In fact, zebrafish present validities required for the study of these conditions, which contributes to the use of this species in research, in addition to studies with rodents.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dneu.22855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39550881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Maf family proteins in glutamatergic neurons of the mouse olfactory bulb","authors":"Ayako Ito,&nbsp;Fumiaki Imamura","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22859","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22859","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fate of neurons in the developing brain is largely determined by the combination of transcription factors they express. In particular, stem cells must follow different transcriptional cascades during differentiation in order to generate neurons with different neurotransmitter properties, such as glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. In the mouse cerebral cortex, it has been shown that large Maf family proteins, MafA, MafB and c-Maf, regulate the development of specific types of GABAergic interneurons but are not expressed in glutamatergic neurons. In this study, we examined the expression of large Maf family proteins in the developing mouse olfactory bulb (OB) by immunohistochemistry and found that the cell populations expressing MafA and MafB are almost identical, and most of them express Tbr2. As Tbr2 is expressed in glutamatergic neurons in the OB, we further examined the expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal markers in MafA and MafB positive cells. The results showed that in the OB, MafA and MafB are expressed exclusively in glutamatergic neurons, but not in GABAergic neurons. We also found that few cells express c-Maf in the OB. These results indicate that, unlike the cerebral cortex, MafA and/or MafB may regulate the development of glutamatergic neurons in the developing OB. This study advances our knowledge about the development of glutamatergic neurons in the olfactory bulb, and also might suggest that mechanisms for the generation of projection neurons and interneurons differ between the cortex and the olfactory bulb, even though they both develop from the telencephalon.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9148588/pdf/nihms-1808816.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39541591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental changes within the extended face processing network: A cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study","authors":"Isabell Sahraei,&nbsp;Franziska E. Hildesheim,&nbsp;Ina Thome,&nbsp;Roman Kessler,&nbsp;Kristin M. Rusch,&nbsp;Jens Sommer,&nbsp;Inge Kamp-Becker,&nbsp;Rudolf Stark,&nbsp;Andreas Jansen","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22858","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the field of face processing, the so-called “core network” has been intensively researched. Its neural activity can be reliably detected in children and adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, the core network's counterpart, the so-called “extended network,” has been less researched. In the present study, we compared children's and adults’ brain activity in the extended system, in particular in the amygdala, the insula, and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Using fMRI, we compared the brain activation pattern between children aged 7–9 years and adults during an emotional face processing task. On the one hand, children showed increased activity in the extended face processing system in relation to adults, particularly in the left amygdala, the right insula, and the left IFG. On the other hand, lateralization indices revealed a “leftward bias” in children's IFG compared to adults. These results suggest that brain activity associated with face processing is characterized by a developmental decrease in activity. They further show that the development is associated with a rightward migration of face-related IFG activation, possibly due to the competition for neural space between several developing brain functions (“developmental competition hypothesis”).</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dneu.22858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39565719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of oligodendrocyte progenitor developmental migration","authors":"Wenlong Xia,&nbsp;Stephen P. J. Fancy","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22856","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), develop from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that must first migrate extensively throughout the developing brain and spinal cord. Specified at particular times from discrete regions in the developing CNS, OPCs are one of the most migratory of cell types and disperse rapidly. A variety of factors act on OPCs to trigger intracellular changes that regulate their migration. We will discuss factors that act as long-range guidance cues, those that act to regulate cellular motility, and those that are critical in determining the final positioning of OPCs. In addition, recent evidence has identified the vasculature as the physical substrate used by OPCs for their migration. Several new findings relating to this oligodendroglial–vascular signaling axis reveal new insight on the relationship between OPCs and blood vessels in the developing and adult brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"81 8","pages":"985-996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9754953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postnatal myelination of the immature rat cingulum is regulated by GABAB receptor activity","authors":"Samipa Pudasaini,&nbsp;Vivien Friedrich,&nbsp;Christoph Bührer,&nbsp;Stefanie Endesfelder,&nbsp;Till Scheuer,&nbsp;Thomas Schmitz","doi":"10.1002/dneu.22853","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dneu.22853","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Myelination of axons in the neonatal brain is a highly complex process primarily achieved by oligodendroglial cells (OLs). OLs express receptors for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is released from cortical interneurons on a basal level, while glial cells can be a source of GABA, too. We investigated GABA-induced oligodendroglial maturation, proliferation, apoptosis, and myelin production after pharmacological inhibition of GABA_A and GABA_B in the neonatal rat brain. Daily injections of the reverse GABA_A receptor agonist (DMCM) and the GABA_B receptor antagonist (CGP35348) were performed from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P11. MBP expression was examined by Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we determined the number of CC1⁺OLIG2⁺ and CNP⁺OLIG2⁺ cells to assess maturation, the number of PCNA⁺OLIG2⁺ oligodendrocytes to assess proliferation, the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (PDGFRα⁺OLIG2⁺), and apoptosis of OLs (CASP3A⁺OLIG2⁺) as well as apoptotic cells in total (CASP3A⁺DAPI⁺) at P11 and P15. In addition, we analyzed the expression <i>Pdgfrα</i> and CNP. MBP expression was significantly reduced after CGP treatment at P15. In the same animal group, CNP expression and CNP⁺OLIG2⁺ cells decreased temporarily at P11. At P15, the proliferation of PCNA⁺OLIG2⁺ cells and the number of PDGFRα⁺OLIG2⁺ cells increased after GABA_B receptor antagonization whereas no significant differences were visible in the <i>Pdgfrα</i> gene expression. No changes in apoptotic cell death were observed. CGP treatment induced a transient maturational delay at P11 and deficits in myelin expression at P15 with increased oligodendroglial proliferation. Our in vivo study indicates GABA_B receptor activity as a potential modulator of oligodendroglial development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11300,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurobiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"16-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dneu.22853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39483467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}