Current vascular pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Chitosan-Saponin-Bentonite Nanocomposites Prevent Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.","authors":"Nagat Saleh Hossuin Moftha, Amel Mahmoud Soliman, Sohair Ramadan Fahmy, Ayman Saber Mohamed","doi":"10.2174/0115701611427647260318043846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611427647260318043846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the predominant chronic illness among the aged population. One in five people died from CDV in 2022, with approximately 700000 people losing their lives to the condition. Chitosan-saponin-bentonite nanocomposites (CSB-NC ) exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, as well as anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study aims to examine the cardioprotective effects of CSB-NC against the cardiovascular toxicity associated with doxorubicin (Dox).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cardiovascular toxicity was induced in rats following the administration of Dox (3 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups, each consisting of six rats. The groups included: control, Dox, Dox + chitosan (60 mg/kg, orally), Dox + bentonite (60 mg/kg, orally), Dox + saponins (60 mg/kg, orally), and Dox + CSB-NC (60 mg/kg, orally).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following CSB-NC treatment, the ST segment of the ECG exhibited partial normalization. CSB-NC reduced the levels of cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3, while it elevated glutathione, reduced catalase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, and Bcell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The CSB-NC-treated group exhibited a normal histological structure of cardiac muscle.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CSB-NC demonstrated a protective effect on the heart against Dox toxicity by enhancing the Nrf2 pathway, supporting the internal antioxidant system, and inhibiting the apoptotic pathway by reducing caspase-3 and stimulating Bcl-2 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CSB-NC showed a synergistic protective effect against cardiovascular toxicity induced by Dox when combined with saponin, chitosan, and bentonite.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Arterial Disease Outcome in Patients with ESRD on Hemodialysis: A Study from a Developing Country.","authors":"Ashraf O Oweis, Sameeha A AllShelleh, Bara' Al-Zu'bi, Batool A AlAjlouni, Haneen A Shawer, Karem H Alzoubi","doi":"10.2174/0115701611379543251206002926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611379543251206002926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis are at higher risk for cardiovascular complications due to the increased risk of atherosclerosis. This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with poor outcomes in this group of patients with Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) regarding survival and rates of lower limb amputation, which is an important determinant of morbidity and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed using hospital databases from 2010 to 2021. ESRD patients who were diagnosed with PAD during this period were studied; diagnosis was done through CT-angiography. Predefined endpoints were death and amputation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age for the patients was 65.9 (SD 12.96) and 66.7% were males. Most patients had either DM (84.6%) or HTN (91%). The prevalence of amputation was 44.7%, 32.9% were males (P=0.33); using univariate analysis DM was a strong predictor for amputation (P=0.001) as long as coronary artery disease (P=0.001) while other comorbidities like HTN (P=0.66), heart failure (P=0.86), atrial fibrillation (P=0.81), Dyslipidemia (P=0.95) and stroke (P=0.16) were not associated with amputation. On multivariate analysis, only DM (P=0.003) was associated with a higher prevalence of amputation Time to death was 16.9 months (SDܸ25.6), 11.3 months (SDܸ9.1) for patients with amputation vs. 21.1 (SDܸ32.7) for those without amputation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>End-stage renal disease patients with PVD, especially with PVD, have higher mortality, and the majority are diabetic, which necessitates earlier recognition of PVD and modified risk factors like better control of DM and its complications in addition to other risk factors like HTN, dyslipidemia, and metabolic disorders of CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian Rhythm and Ischemic Stroke: A Hospital-based Study in Shanghai, China.","authors":"Bivek Singh, Hedi An, Ran Xiong, Hongrong Xie, You Yin, Roberto Manfredini, Dongya Huang","doi":"10.2174/0115701611396756260218095305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611396756260218095305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Circadian rhythm influences the clinical spectrum of stroke. Despite extensive research, studies examining the circadian influences on stroke occurrence, focusing on demographic factors and common risk factors, are limited. This study aims to examine the distribution and circadian patterns of ischemic stroke onset times and to analyze demographic factors and risk factors related to stroke timing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conducted at Shanghai East Hospital, an affiliated hospital of Tongji University, this study analyzed electronic medical records from 2021 and 2022, screening 1,320 patients. A total of 406 patients met the inclusion criteria: >18 years old, Chinese nationality, diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, and without liver disease. Stroke occurrences were categorized into six time intervals for Cosinor analysis and chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 406 patients (62.1% male, mean age 68.7 years), stroke occurrences showed a clear circadian pattern, peaking between 08:00 and 11:59 (36.2%) and occurring predominantly during daylight hours (75.9%). Cosinor analysis confirmed significant circadian rhythmicity. Hypertension (67.5%) and diabetes (33%) were not significantly associated with stroke onset timing. No significant differences in stroke timing were observed across gender or age groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Patients with a history of previous stroke demonstrated a significant association with late afternoon onset (p = 0.038), a pattern infrequently reported in prior studies that may reflect altered vulnerability or treatment-related factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates a pronounced circadian pattern in ischemic stroke, with a latemorning peak. The observed late-afternoon signal among patients with prior stroke warrants further investigation to clarify underlying mechanisms and implications for prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Statins on Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia: Editorial for Hellenic Postprandial Lipemia Study (HPLS), A Prospective Cohort Trial.","authors":"Debabrata Mukherjee","doi":"10.2174/0115701611452284251103112402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611452284251103112402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Use of Peripheral Vasopressors and Their Implications.","authors":"Arihant Surana, Riya Bhattacharya, Akshat Banga, Kevin Martin","doi":"10.2174/0115701611451845260413164652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611451845260413164652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of peripheral vasopressors has gained attention as a viable alternative to central venous catheter (CVC) administration in critically ill patients. This review explores the evolving evidence on the safety, efficacy, and clinical considerations of peripheral vasopressor use, particularly in acute hypotensive states. Although central access remains the standard for vasopressor administration, delays in CVC placement may necessitate peripheral access as a temporizing measure. While other forms of venous access, such as Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs) provide reliable administration routes, they are classified as central access; this review focuses exclusively on the safety and implications of vasopressor administration via peripheral venous catheters (PVCs). Studies have shown that peripheral vasopressors, when administered with proper protocols, can effectively stabilize patients while avoiding the risks associated with CVCs, such as infections, thrombosis, and pneumothorax. However, complications, particularly extravasation, remain a concern. This review discusses various vasopressor agents, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, highlighting their safety profiles and the importance of catheter size, location, and duration of infusion. Furthermore, the review addresses gaps in current guidelines and the lack of standardized protocols. Given the promising results, further research is needed to establish best practices for peripheral vasopressor use, including optimal dosing, duration, and patient selection. A protocol-driven approach, combined with enhanced monitoring, could potentially reduce complications and improve patient outcomes in critical care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticoagulation Management in Hemodialysis Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Clinical Dilemma.","authors":"Maria Triantafyllidou, Eleni Stamellou, Stefanos Roumeliotis, Konstantinos Leivaditis, Evangelia Dounousi","doi":"10.2174/0115701611424627251217065105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611424627251217065105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is increasingly prevalent among patients on haemodialysis (HD). It presents a significant clinical challenge due to the elevated risks of both thromboembolic and bleeding events. Although the shift from Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs) to Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) is well established in the general population and in patients with moderate Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), uncertainty persists in HD patients due to limited evidence. This review synthesizes current evidence on anticoagulation therapy in HD patients with AF, evaluating safety, efficacy, and clinical guidelines to inform evidence-based decision-making. We reviewed current evidence, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, on anticoagulation in HD patients with AF. Relevant articles published up to December 2024 were identified via PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. Key clinical guidelines (KDIGO, ESH, ACC/AHA/ACCP/HPS) were also included. Overall, evidence in HD patients remains heterogeneous. Small RCTs evaluating DOACS have methodological limitations and conflicting results. However, meta-analyses and large cohort studies show that VKAs do not significantly reduce ischemic stroke or mortality in this population and may increase haemorrhagic risk; poor time-in-therapeutic range is a recurring problem. In contrast, accumulating evidence increasingly favors DOACs, with signals of lower bleeding and at least comparable stroke prevention. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an emerging option that may reduce stroke risk without long-term anticoagulation. While definitive randomized evidence in HD remains lacking, the current data balance suggests a cautious preference for DOACs over VKAs. Further adequately powered RCTs in HD are needed to solidify these recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Barriers to Care in Patients with Dyslipidaemia in the Arabian Gulf Region: The Gulf ACTION Registry.","authors":"Khalid F Alhabib, Hanan B Albackr, Khalid Al Waili, Wael Almahmeed, Mohammad Al Jarallah, Mohammad I Amin, Khalid Alrasadi, Mohammed A Batais, Turky H Almigbal, Ali Youssef, Mohammad Alghamdi, Mohammad Al Shehri, Islam Ahmad, Riham A ElToukhy, Naji Kholaif, Abdulhalim J Kinsara, Manal Al-Kindi, Nooshin Barzargani, Magdy Hassan, Shamsa Al Suwaidi, Rajesh Rajan, Mustafa Al Hinai, Hani Altaradi, Ibrahim Al-Zakwani","doi":"10.2174/0115701611397165260302054720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611397165260302054720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluates dyslipidaemia management in the Arabian Gulf region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multicentre, multinational longitudinal Gulf ACTION registry includes adults (≥18 years old) on lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) recruited from outpatient clinics at 14 tertiary care centres and 9 primary care clinics across five Arabian Gulf countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2884 patients were enrolled (mean age 58±12 years); 63% were male. The median first follow-up was 7 (6-11) months, and the median second follow-up was 14 (12-23) months. Among the cohort, 52% of patients were very high risk, 21% of whom achieved their LDL-C target; 40% were high risk, 24% achieved their LDL-C target; 2% were moderate risk, 72% achieved their LDL-C target; and 6% were low risk, 78% achieved their LDL-C target. Only 24% of the overall cohort and 30% of the very high-risk group were treated with combination LLT.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Similar to international data from the SANTORINI and INTERASPIRE studies, our study showed that only one-fourth of the very high-risk group and one-third of the high-risk group achieved their LDL-C targets. Potential reasons include lower use of combination therapy, poor health behaviors, and psychosocial factors. The variability in practice patterns across the Arabian Gulf and even among study sites is a limitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Very high- and high-risk groups were less likely to achieve their LDL-C target. The low use of combination LLT, unhealthy lifestyle, and social factors in the Gulf region were the main reasons for such poor control. Strategies are needed to achieve current guideline-recommended LDL-C targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Role of Statins in Infective Endocarditis: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nadji Hannachi, Antoine Mariotti, Laurence Camoin-Jau","doi":"10.2174/0115701611419387251202152013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611419387251202152013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Statins exhibit pleiotropic effects with potential benefits in several infectious diseases, but their role in infective endocarditis (IE) remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of statin use on the frequency of IE and on key clinical outcomes in patients with IE, specifically embolic events (EE) and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a meta-analysis in which the primary outcome was the frequency of IE among statin users compared with non-users. Secondary outcomes included EE and follow-up mortality (6 months to 1 year).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven observational studies, eight retrospective and three prospective, were included, comprising a total of 35,844 patients. The frequency of IE was significantly lower in patients receiving statins compared with non-users (odds ratio (OR): 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.80; P=0.003). Statin-treated IE patients also had fewer EE than non-users (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26-0.96; P=0.04). Follow-up mortality was significantly reduced in IE patients using statins compared with non-users (hazard ratio (HR): 0.70; 95% CI: 0.61-0.80; P<0.00001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Statins exert anti-inflammatory, endothelial-stabilizing, and antithrombotic effects that counteract key pathological mechanisms underlying IE. In this meta-analysis, statin use was associated with a lower frequency of IE, fewer EE, and reduced follow-up mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis suggests that statins may offer protective benefits against the incidence of IE and its complications. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution and highlight the need for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiovascular Disorders.","authors":"Antonis S Manolis, Antonis A Manolis, Theodora A Manolis, Apostolos Vouliotis","doi":"10.2174/0115701611418539260124113737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611418539260124113737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a significant global public health challenge, plagued by substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide; it is one of the main causes of death worldwide, especially during episodes of severe exacerbation. There is a higher COPD burden noted in regions with high smoking prevalence, air pollution, and faster socioeconomic development. There is also a high number of cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities among these patients, pointing to a need for routine CV screening in such circumstances. These two diseases, COPD and CV disease (CVD), are associated via an intricate and multifactorial interplay characterized by convergent risk factors, systemic inflammation, and interlinked pathophysiological mechanisms, with atherosclerosis being a principal inflammatory process linking these two disorders, driven by systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, despite the fact that CVD is common in COPD, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated due to overlapping respiratory and cardiac symptomatology. The latter issue is accentuated in the case of heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease (CAD), whereby HF atypical symptoms may mimic the clinical picture of COPD exacerbation and CAD presenting with atypical symptomatology such as dyspnea on exertion and/or fatigue, which may point to HF/COPD worsening. Thus, a structured CV assessment and management following exacerbations of COPD is needed in order to identify CAD and/or other new heart disease in these patients and guide appropriate management. These issues are discussed with relevant metaanalyses and key guidelines tabulated, and the involved interrelated mechanisms are pictorially illustrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Risks of Electronic Cigarettes: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Research Gaps.","authors":"Pandey Pratima, Anit Kumar Sinha, Basant Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115701611416438251216071232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701611416438251216071232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Electronic cigarettes (ECs), or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), are increasingly promoted as safer alternatives to conventional cigarettes, especially among younger populations. However, concerns remain regarding their cardiovascular effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review synthesized evidence from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to examine the association between e-cigarette use and cardiovascular health. Eligible sources included observational studies, experimental research, and systematic reviews evaluating exposure to nicotine and other harmful compounds present in e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence indicates that e-cigarette use exposes individuals to harmful chemicals such as nicotine and carbonyl compounds, which are linked to endothelial dysfunction, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and progression of atherosclerosis. While some studies suggest reduced exposure to ecigarettes compared with conventional smoking, measurable adverse cardiovascular outcomes remain significant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings suggest that although e-cigarettes may serve a role in harm reduction and smoking cessation, their potential to induce cardiovascular risk cannot be overlooked. Current evidence highlights both short-term vascular changes and possible long-term health consequences, though robust longitudinal data remain limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>E-cigarette use is associated with cardiovascular risks despite being marketed as a safer alternative to traditional smoking. There is an urgent need for comprehensive, long-term studies and public health initiatives to clarify these risks and guide appropriate regulatory policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}