Current vascular pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"\"Renalism\" with Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitor Use in Patients Enrolled in Trials for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction and Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Hussein Al Sudani,&nbsp;Samir Shah,&nbsp;Kevin Bryan Lo,&nbsp;Hani Essa,&nbsp;Ammaar Wattoo,&nbsp;Lucas Angelim,&nbsp;Sophia Brousas,&nbsp;Isabel Whybrow-Huppatz,&nbsp;Shaitalya Vellanki,&nbsp;Rajiv Sankaranarayanan,&nbsp;Janani Rangaswami","doi":"10.2174/1570161121666230314114549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161121666230314114549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) reduce mortality and hospitalizations in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but their use is limited in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a systematic review of studies on HFrEF and CKD patients. The mean overall percentage of reported ACEI, ARB, MRA, and ARNI use, and the proportion of trials that included patients with advanced CKD grades 4-5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <15-30 ml/min/1.73m²) were recorded per year. The proportion of trials with advanced CKD was logtransformed, and then fitted into a time regression model. The interactions between the proportion of trials that included CKD grades 4-5 and the proportion of reported use of ACEI, ARB, and MRAs per year were explored using Pearson's correlation and univariate linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 706 articles were included; 76% reported background ACEI/ARB use, while 51% reported MRA use. ACEI/ARB use averaged 83% and MRA 50%. Of the trials, 57% included CKD grades 4-5. Over 10 years, the proportion of trials with CKD grades 4-5 increased while ACEI/ARB use decreased. MRA use rates remained about the same. There was an inverse association found between the proportion of trials with CKD grades 4-5 and ACEI/ARB use per year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the past 10 years, CKD grades 4-5 patients have been increasingly included in HFrEF clinical trials. Concurrently, ACEI/ARB use has reportedly decreased.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9751113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of a Balanced Healthy Diet with Cardiovascular and Other Benefits.","authors":"Antonis A Manolis,&nbsp;Theodora A Manolis,&nbsp;Helen Melita,&nbsp;Antonis S Manolis","doi":"10.2174/1570161121666230327135916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161121666230327135916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally. Besides lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, and other risk factors, poor nutrition and unhealthy/ unbalanced diets play an important role in CVD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review examined data on all issues of the CV-health benefits of a balanced diet, with tabulation of nutritional data and health-authority recommendations and pictorial illustration of the main features of a CV-healthy diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies and reviews on diet and CV health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For a long time, there has been evidence, corroborated by recent findings, that pro-vegetarian diets have a beneficial influence on serum lipid levels, markers of inflammation and endothelial function, prooxidant-antioxidant balance, and gut microbiome, all probably contributing to reduced CV risk. Worries about the nutritional adequacy of vegetarian diets are circumvented by obtaining certain nutrients lacking or found in lower amounts in plants than in animal foods, by consuming a wide variety of healthy plant foods and through intake of oral supplements or fortified foods. Well-balanced diets, such as the Mediterranean or the Dietary-Approaches-to-Stop-Hypertension diets, provide CV-health benefits. Nevertheless, a broad variety of plant-based diets with low/minimal animal food intake may allow for a personalized and culturally adjusted application of dietary recommendations contributing to the maintenance of CV health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Universal adoption of a balanced CV-healthy diet can reduce global, CV and other mortality by ~20%. This requires world-wide programs of information for and education of the public, starting with school children and expanding to all groups, sectors, and levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9940875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Brain Endothelin Receptor Type B (ET_B) in the Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Olfactory Bulb of DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Rats.","authors":"Luis Cassinotti,&nbsp;María Guil,&nbsp;Liliana Bianciotti,&nbsp;Marcelo Vatta","doi":"10.2174/1570161121666230622121956","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570161121666230622121956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We previously reported that endothelins (ETs) regulate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and expression in the olfactory bulb (OB) of normotensive and hypertensive animals. Applying an ET receptor type A (ET_A) antagonist to the brain suggested that endogenous ETs bind to ET receptor type B (ET_B) to elicit effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present work was to evaluate the role of central ET_B stimulation on the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and the catecholaminergic system in the OB of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DOCA-salt hypertensive rats were infused for 7 days with cerebrospinal fluid or IRL-1620 (ET_B receptor agonist) through a cannula placed in the lateral brain ventricle. Systolic BP (SBP) and heart rate were recorded by plethysmography. The expression of TH and its phosphorylated forms in the OB were determined by immunoblotting, TH activity by a radioenzymatic assay, and TH mRNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronic administration of IRL-1620 decreased SBP in hypertensive rats but not in normotensive animals. Furthermore, the blockade of ET_B receptors also decreased TH-mRNA in DOCA-salt rats, but it did not modify TH activity or protein expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that brain ETs through the activation of ET_B receptors contribute to SBP regulation in DOCA-salt hypertension. However, the catecholaminergic system in the OB does not appear to be conclusively involved although mRNA TH was reduced. Present and previous findings suggest that in this salt-sensitive animal model of hypertension, the OB contributes to chronic BP elevation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10050828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Rheumatic Valve Disease.","authors":"Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da Silva, Lucas Espindula Borges","doi":"10.2174/1570161121666230726123444","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570161121666230726123444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lifetime risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) is 1 in 3 adults, resulting in a prevalence of 2-4%. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a frequent aetiology of valvular heart disease in lowand middle-income countries. Between 21% and 80% of patients with mitral valve disease, especially with stenosis, may have AF. Both these conditions, AF and RHD, present a state of persistent inflammation. In turn, inflammation is a frequent cause of anisocytosis, which can be evidenced through the parameter RDW (red bold cell distribution width). Factors associated with increased RDW are also known as risk factors associated with a higher incidence of AF. RDW may have an independent role in the pathogenesis of AF and the increased propensity of both thromboembolic and bleeding events. Another marker involved in the incidence of AF is the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. This is also a marker of oxidative stress and inflammation and is associated with a higher rate of AF recurrence. This review will evaluate these biomarkers and their association with cardiovascular events in patients with AF and RHD. The hypotheses and current debates about the relationship of biomarkers with the severity of chronic valve dysfunction, with acute rheumatic carditis in the paediatric population, and with the presence of thrombus in the left atrium will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9870609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exercise on Vascular Toxicity Associated with Breast Cancer Treatment: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Marina L D Pera,&nbsp;Guilherme F Speretta","doi":"10.2174/1570161121666221228141150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161121666221228141150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and its incidence is linearly associated with age. The development of cancer treatments has changed the prognosis of this disease. Despite effective treatments, cardiovascular complications in middle-aged and older women have become challenging. Physical exercise is a powerful tool to prevent senescence symptoms and diseases, besides being an essential component for cardiovascular diseases and cancer prevention and treatment. The present narrative review considers the vascular dysfunction associated with breast cancer treatment, specifically chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the effects of exercise on vascular toxicity. We also explored the mechanisms involved in these responses. The search strategy involved three databases (Pubmed, Scielo, and Web of Science) with the following descriptors: breast cancer, vascular toxicity, physical exercise, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The evidence showed that breast cancer patients, especially those under chemotherapy and over 50 years old, have a potential risk of developing vascular dysfunction, which may persist in the long term. Decreases in nitric oxide bioavailability and increases in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines might mediate the chemotherapy and radiotherapy- induced vascular dysfunction. Exercise seems to be a promising strategy for managing this risk. However, there is a need for well-constructed studies evaluating vascular toxicity in breast cancer, especially in middle-aged and elderly patients, to establish whether exercise is beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9303551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gulf Achievement of Cholesterol Targets in Out-Patients Study (GULF ACTION): Design, Rationale, and Preliminary Results.","authors":"Hanan B Albackr,&nbsp;Khalid Al Waili,&nbsp;Wael Almahmeed,&nbsp;Mohammad Al Jarallah,&nbsp;Mohammad I Amin,&nbsp;Khalid Alrasadi,&nbsp;Mohammed A Batais,&nbsp;Turky H Almigbal,&nbsp;Ali Youssef,&nbsp;Mohammad Alghamdi,&nbsp;Mohammad Al Shehri,&nbsp;Islam Ahmad,&nbsp;Riham A ElToukhy,&nbsp;Naji Kholaif,&nbsp;Abdulhalim J Kinsara,&nbsp;Manal Al-Kindi,&nbsp;Nooshin Barzargani,&nbsp;Magdy Hassan,&nbsp;Shamsa Al Suwaidi,&nbsp;Rajesh Rajan,&nbsp;Hani Altaradi,&nbsp;Khalid F Alhabib","doi":"10.2174/1570161121666230710145604","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570161121666230710145604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the current dyslipidemia management in the Arabian Gulf region by describing the demographics, study design, and preliminary results of out-patients who achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals at the time of the survey.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The Arabian Gulf population is at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at younger ages. There is no up-to-date study regarding dyslipidemia management in this region, especially given the recent guideline-recommended LDL-C targets.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Up-to-date comprehensive assessment of the current dyslipidemia management in the Arabian Gulf region, particularly in view of the recent evidence of the additive beneficial effects of ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors on LDL-C levels and cardiovascular outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Gulf Achievement of Cholesterol Targets in Out-Patients (GULF ACTION) is an ongoing national observational longitudinal registry of 3000 patients. In this study, adults ≥18 years on lipidlowering drugs for over three months from out-patients of five Gulf countries were enrolled between January 2020 and May 2022 with planned six-month and one-year follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1015 patients enrolled, 71% were male, aged 57.9±12 years. In addition, 68% had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), 25% of these patients achieved the LDL-C target, and 26% of the cohort were treated using combined lipid-lowering drugs, including statins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preliminary results of this cohort revealed that only one-fourth of ASCVD patients achieved LDL-C targets. Therefore, GULF ACTION shall improve our understanding of current dyslipidemia management and \"guideline gaps\" in the Arabian Gulf region.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9768242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features, Socioeconomic Status, Management, and Outcomes of Acute Heart Failure: PEACE MENA Registry Phase I Results.","authors":"Hanan AlBackr,&nbsp;Khalid F Alhabib,&nbsp;Kadhim Sulaiman,&nbsp;Amal Jamee,&nbsp;Mohamed Sobhy,&nbsp;Salim Benkhedda,&nbsp;Sobhi Dada,&nbsp;Ayman Hammoudeh,&nbsp;Habib Gamra,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Motarreb,&nbsp;Fahad Alkindi,&nbsp;Mohammad I Amin,&nbsp;Magdi G Yousif,&nbsp;Hasan A Farhan,&nbsp;Nadia Fellat,&nbsp;Wael Almahmeed,&nbsp;Mohammad Al Jarallah,&nbsp;Prashanth Panduranga,&nbsp;Magdy Abdelhamid,&nbsp;Ihab Ghaly,&nbsp;Dahlia Djermane,&nbsp;Ahcene Chibane,&nbsp;Hadi Skouri,&nbsp;Mohamad Jarrah,&nbsp;Hassen Amor,&nbsp;Nora K Alsagheer,&nbsp;Mohammed A Hozayen,&nbsp;Hosameldin S Ahmed,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali,&nbsp;Anhar Ullah,&nbsp;Ayman Al Saleh,&nbsp;Faiez Zannad","doi":"10.2174/1570161121666230525111259","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570161121666230525111259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>PEACE MENA (Program for the Evaluation and Management of Cardiac Events in the Middle East and North Africa) is a prospective registry in Arab countries for in-patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute heart failure (AHF). Here, we report the baseline characteristics and outcomes of in-patients with AHF who were enrolled during the first 14 months of the recruitment phase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, multi-centre, multi-country study including patients hospitalized with AHF was conducted. Clinical characteristics, echocardiogram, BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide), socioeconomic status, management, 1-month, and 1-year outcomes are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between April 2019 and June 2020, a total of 1258 adults with AHF from 16 Arab countries were recruited. Their mean age was 63.3 (±15) years, 56.8% were men, 65% had monthly income ≤US$ 500, and 56% had limited education. Furthermore, 55% had diabetes mellitus, 67% had hypertension; 55% had HFrEF (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction), and 19% had HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction). At 1 year, 3.6% had a heart failure-related device (0-22%) and 7.3% used an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (0-43%). Mortality was 4.4% per 1 month and 11.77% per 1-year post-discharge. Compared with higher-income patients, lower-income patients had a higher 1-year total heart failure hospitalization rate (45.6 vs 29.9%, p=0.001), and the 1-year mortality difference was not statistically significant (13.2 vs 8.8%, p=0.059).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of the patients with AHF in Arab countries had a high burden of cardiac risk factors, low income, and low education status with great heterogeneity in key performance indicators of AHF management among Arab countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9527216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Vitamins in Cardiovascular Health: Know Your Facts-Part 2.","authors":"Antonis A Manolis, Theodora A Manolis, Helen Melita, Antonis S Manolis","doi":"10.2174/1570161121666230911115725","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570161121666230911115725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity/mortality world-wide, hence preventive interventions are crucial. Observational data showing beneficial CV effects of vitamin supplements, promoted by self-proclaimed experts, have led to ~50% of Americans using multivitamins; this practice has culminated into a multi-billion-dollar business. However, robust evidence is lacking, and certain vitamins might incur harm. This two-part review focuses on the attributes or concerns about specific vitamin consumption on CVD. The evidence for indiscriminate use of multivitamins indicates no consistent CVD benefit. Specific vitamins and/or combinations are suggested, but further supportive evidence is needed. Data presented in Part 1 indicated that folic acid and certain B-vitamins may decrease stroke, whereas niacin might raise mortality; beta-carotene mediates pro-oxidant effects, which may abate the benefits from other vitamins. In Part 2, data favor the anti-oxidant effects of vitamin C and the anti-atherogenic effects of vitamins C and E, but clinical evidence is inconsistent. Vitamin D may provide CV protection, but data are conflicting. Vitamin K appears neutral. Thus, there are favorable CV effects of individual vitamins (C/D), but randomized/controlled data are lacking. An important caveat regards the potential toxicity of increased doses of fat-soluble vitamins (A/D/E/K). As emphasized in Part 1, vitamins might benefit subjects who are antioxidant-deficient or exposed to high levels of oxidative-stress (e.g., diabetics, smokers, and elderly), stressing the importance of targeting certain subgroups for optimal results. Finally, by promoting CV-healthy balanced-diets, we could acquire essential vitamins and nutrients and use supplements only for specific indications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10202322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent Fasting as Possible Treatment for Heart Failure.","authors":"Salvador Garza-González, Bianca Nieblas, María M Solbes-Gochicoa, J. Altamirano, N. García","doi":"10.2174/1570161120666220610151915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161120666220610151915","url":null,"abstract":"Western-style diet often leads to food overconsumption, which triggers the development of comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure (HF). Several studies suggested that intermittent fasting (IF) protects against the development of those morbidities. This study presents evidence of the beneficial effects of IF on HF. Based on the current evidence, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms by which IF works and where liver ketone bodies (KBs) play important roles. There is evidence that IF promotes a metabolic switch in highly metabolic organs, such as the heart, which increases the use of KBs during fasting. However, besides their role as energy substrates, KBs participate in the signaling pathways that control the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress protection and metabolism. Several molecular factors, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), sirtuins, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are involved. Furthermore, IF appears to maintain circadian rhythms, essential in highly metabolically active organs. Finally, we highlight the important research topics that need to be pursued to improve current knowledge and strengthen the potential of IF as a preventive and therapeutic approach to HF.","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44555878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Insights on the Role of Irisin in Endothelial Dysfunction.","authors":"E. Luna-Ceron, Adrian M Gonzalez-Gil, Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor","doi":"10.2174/1570161120666220510120220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161120666220510120220","url":null,"abstract":"Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial physiopathological mechanism for cardiovascular diseases that results from the harmful impact of metabolic disorders. Irisin, a recently discovered adipomyokine, has been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects by increasing energy consumption, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing the proinflammatory milieu. Multiple preclinical models have assessed irisin's possible role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, displaying that treatment with exogenous irisin can decrease the production of oxidative stress mediators by up-regulating Akt/mTOR/Nrf2 pathway, promote endothelial-dependent vasodilatation through the activation of AMPK-PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway, and increase the endothelial cell viability by activation of ERK proliferation pathway and downregulation of Bad/Bax/Caspase 3 pro-apoptotic pathway. However, there is scarce evidence of these mechanisms in clinical studies, and available results are controversial. Some have shown negative correlations of irisin levels with the burden of coronary atherosclerosis and leukocyte adhesion molecules' expression. Others have demonstrated associations between irisin levels with increased atherosclerosis risk and higher carotid intima-media thickness. Since the role of irisin in endothelial damage remains unclear, in this review, we compare, contrast, and integrate the current knowledge from preclinical and clinical studies to elucidate the potential preventive role and the underlying mechanisms and pathways of irisin in endothelial dysfunction. This review also comprises original figures to illustrate these mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":11278,"journal":{"name":"Current vascular pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44697810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}