Dentistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Effectiveness and Complication Rate of Resorbable Biopolymers in Oral Surgery: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Riccardo Fabozzi, Francesco Bianchetti, Domenico Baldi, Catherine Yumang Sanchez, Francesco Bagnasco, Nicola De Angelis","doi":"10.3390/dj13060264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Resorbable biopolymers are increasingly explored for use in regenerative procedures within dental surgery. Their ability to degrade naturally, minimize surgical reinterventions, and potentially reduce immunogenicity makes them appealing in guided bone and tissue regeneration applications. However, despite these advantages, uncertainties persist regarding their comparative effectiveness and associated risks. For example, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based membranes have shown comparable outcomes to porcine-derived collagen membranes in bone regeneration procedures, yet studies have reported a higher incidence of soft tissue healing complications associated with PEG-based materials. Similarly, while polycaprolactone (PCL) and dextrin-based hydrogels have demonstrated promising clinical handling and bone fill capabilities, their long-term performance and consistency across different anatomical sites remain under investigation. These findings highlight the need for further well-powered clinical trials to establish standardized guidelines for their safe and effective use. <b>Methods</b>: A systematic review protocol was registered with the PROSPERO database and developed in alignment with PRISMA guidelines. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane from June to December 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on synthetic resorbable biopolymers in bone augmentation procedures were considered. Bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. <b>Results</b>: Eleven RCTs were included, totaling 188 patients. The findings suggest that materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) contributed effectively to new bone formation. PEG-based membranes were found to perform on par with or occasionally better than traditional collagen membranes derived from porcine sources. Additionally, the application of 3D-printable polymers demonstrated promise in site-specific healing. <b>Conclusions</b>: Resorbable biopolymers are effective and safe for GBR procedures, with clinical outcomes comparable to traditional materials. Advances in 3D-printing technology and bioactive coatings may further enhance their regenerative potential. However, the incidence of soft tissue healing complications suggests the need for further long-term studies to optimize material properties and clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Adaptive Torque Control Motion on the Ability of Neolix EDMax to Reach Working Length When Used as a Single Shaping File-An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Vlad Mircea Lup, Carlo Gaeta, Ashkan Tavakkoli, Andreas Louloudiadis, Simone Grandini, Gabriela Ciavoi","doi":"10.3390/dj13060262","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The aim of this study is to investigate how Adaptive Torque Control motion influences the shaping efficiency of Neolix EDMax (Neolix SAS, Évron, France) and its ability to reach working length with or without a pre-existing glide path. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 90 endo training blocks with an S-shape curvature were divided into three groups based on the kinematics and preparation phase: the control group, where the Neolix EDMax (Neolix SAS, Évron, France) was used for shaping after a glide path was established; the no glide path group, where the Neolix EDMax (Neolix SAS, Évron, France) was used for shaping without a glide path; and the Adaptive Torque Control group, where the Neolix EDMax (Neolix SAS, Évron, France) was used for shaping without a glide path but in an Adaptive Torque Control motion. The time for shaping, the instrument passes, and the ability to reach working length were recorded and analyzed using a one-way Anova and Tukey's HSD post hoc test. <b>Results:</b> Establishing a glide path helped the shaping file to reach working length faster and in fewer passes when compared with the no glide path group, but the Adaptive Torque Control group was able to perform even better than the control group despite not having a pre-established glide path. <b>Conclusions:</b> The Adaptive Torque Control motion on continuous rotation instruments does impact their performance. Combining the efficiency of continuous rotation and the safety of reciprocation, this type of motion had a significant effect on the ability to shape the simulated root canal even in the presence of a double curvature and without a pre-established glide path.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Cement Thickness, Dentine Thickness, and Intracoronal Depth on the Fracture Resistance of 3D-Printed Endocrowns: A Pilot In Vitro Study.","authors":"Osama Abuabboud, Adrian-George Marinescu, Mihai Paven, Izabella-Maria Kovacs, Luminita Maria Nica, Andrei-Bogdan Faur, Dan Ioan Stoia, Anca Jivănescu","doi":"10.3390/dj13060263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Endodontically treated molars are structurally weakened due to internal tissue loss, increasing their risk of fracture. Endocrowns, developed as a conservative alternative to post-core systems, have gained popularity with the rise of digital dentistry, CAD/CAM workflows, and 3D-printed restorations. In this context, the aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the influence of cement layer thickness, intracoronal depth, and dentine wall thickness on the fracture resistance of molars restored with 3D-printed endocrowns. <b>Methods:</b> Twelve extracted human molars were endodontically treated and restored with endocrowns fabricated from a 3D-printed resin material, SprintRay Crown^TM (SprintRay Inc. Los Angeles, CA, USA), via masked stereolithography (MSLA) on a Prusa SL1 printer. Cementation was performed using RelyX Universal Resin Cement (3M, Maplewood, MN USA). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to measure the dentine thickness and intracoronal depth before cementation and cement thickness after cementation. The fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine. For each variable (Td, Dp, Tc), the 12 specimens were divided into two groups (<i>n</i> = 6). Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation, a one-way ANOVA, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. <b>Results:</b> Within the limitations of this pilot in vitro study, cement thickness demonstrated a strong positive correlation with fracture resistance (r = 0.577) and was the only variable showing statistical significance in the ANOVA (F = 7.847, <i>p</i> = 0.019). In contrast, intracoronal depth and dentine wall thickness exhibited weaker and nonsignificant correlations. No significant mechanical advantage was observed from increasing the pulp chamber depth or peripheral dentine wall thickness. This result was further supported by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U testing (<i>p</i> = 0.015). <b>Conclusions</b>: Cement layer thickness is a key biomechanical factor influencing the fracture resistance of endocrown restorations. Preparation depth and dentine wall geometry appear to have a less direct impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Fully Guided and Free-Hand Orthognathic Surgery: Advancements, Precision, and Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Sophia Tsokkou, Ioannis Konstantinidis, Antonios Keramas, Georgios Kiosis, Kanellos Skourtsidis, Danai Alexiou, Georgia-Nektaria Keskesiadou, Sofia Karachrysafi, Theodora Papamitsou, Ioannis Chatzistefanou","doi":"10.3390/dj13060260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Orthognathic surgery has evolved with digital advancements, improving precision and predictability. Traditional free-hand techniques rely on surgeon expertise, often leading to variable outcomes. Fully guided approaches integrate computer-assisted surgery, including virtual surgical planning (VSP), CAD/CAM, and dynamic navigation, enhancing accuracy and efficiency. This review compares these approaches, assessing their impact on surgical accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: A scoping review was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, focusing on clinical trials and cohort studies. Key parameters analyzed include surgical precision, operative efficiency, complication rates, and functional/aesthetic results. <b>Results</b>: Fully guided techniques achieve sub-millimetric accuracy with mean length deviations ranging from 1.3 mm to 2.4 mm and mean angular deviations between 2.29° and 3.51°. Moreover, these approaches markedly reduce operative time, averaging between 34 min and 1.7 h, and postoperative complications. Digital tools streamline workflow, improving reproducibility and aesthetic outcomes. Free-hand methods remain cost-effective but require greater surgical expertise, often resulting in longer recovery periods and higher variability. <b>Conclusions</b>: Computer-assisted orthognathic surgery enhances precision and efficiency, outperforming free-hand techniques in accuracy and predictability. While free-hand methods remain viable for simpler cases, fully guided approaches optimize surgical execution. Future research should explore hybrid strategies combining digital precision with manual adaptability to further refine surgical techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Applications of Chatbots Powered by Large Language Models in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Simona Santonocito, Umberto Cammarata, Eleonora Lo Muzio, Marco Cicciù","doi":"10.3390/dj13060261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> In recent years, interest has grown in the clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). However, there are conflicting opinions regarding the accuracy and reliability of the information they provide, raising questions about their potential role as support tools for both clinicians and patients. This systematic review aims to analyze the current literature on the use of conversational agents powered by LLMs in the field of OMFS. <b>Methods</b>: The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Original studies published between 2023 and 2024 in peer-reviewed English-language journals were included. Sources were identified through major electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, which evaluates potential bias in study design and conduct. <b>Results</b>: A total of 49 articles were identified, of which 4 met the inclusion criteria. One study showed that ChatGPT provided the most accurate responses compared to Microsoft Copilot (ex-Bing) and Google Gemini (ex-Bard) for questions related to OMFS. Other studies highlighted that ChatGPT-4 can assist surgeons with quick and relevant information, though responses may vary depending on the quality of the questions. <b>Conclusions</b>: Chatbots powered by LLMs can enhance efficiency and decision-making in OMFS routine clinical cases. However, based on the limited number of studies included in this review (four), their performance remains constrained in complex clinical scenarios and in managing emotionally sensitive patient interactions. Further research on clinical validation, prompt formulation, and ethical oversight is essential to safely integrating LLM technologies into OMFS practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Health Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes: Examining the Elevated Risk for Dental Caries-A Comparative Study.","authors":"José Frias-Bulhosa, Maria Conceição Manso, Carla Lopes Mota, Paulo Melo","doi":"10.3390/dj13060258","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Dental caries (DCs) and type 2 diabetes share common risk factors. Dental caries risk in type 2 diabetics (T2DM) shows contradictory results. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in DC prevalence in adults with and without T2DM and whether body mass index (BMI) classes or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels interfere in that difference. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 666 adults (n(T2DM) = 343; n(nT2DM) = 323), from Espinho Primary Health Care Center, were interviewed by calibrated observers. Data from clinical records were collected and oral health status was registered using WHO criteria. Inference analysis was conducted using non-parametric tests (α = 0.05). <b>Results</b>: A similar caries prevalence was found between the T2DM (98.2%) and nT2DM (98.8%) groups, with the T2DM group showing significantly higher tooth loss (<i>p</i> < 0.001), higher caries experience rerted as mean ± sd (17.7 ± 8.3 vs. 15.9 ± 7.8, <i>p</i> = 0.005), fewer decayed teeth (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and filled teeth (<i>p</i> = 0.016) compared to nT2DM. The most frequently identified comorbidity was hypertension (53.6%). Tobacco use (12.9%) was lower in T2DM (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The restorative and treatment indices indicated a significantly higher proportion of use of oral care services (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in T2DM individuals. The prevalence of the higher classes of BMI indicative of pre-obesity or obesity shows significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The differences found in the DMFT or each of its components for the prevalence or for the mean in HbA1c control were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.368, and 0.524, respectively). <b>Conclusions</b>: Adults with T2DM and higher BMI classes could be associated with a greater prevalence of DCs. The glycemic control of T2DM does not significantly influence DMFT score or each of its components.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 10-Year Follow-Up of an Approach to Restore a Case of Extreme Erosive Tooth Wear.","authors":"Davide Foschi, Andrea Abate, Francesca Vailati, Ignazio Loi, Cinzia Maspero, Valentina Lanteri","doi":"10.3390/dj13060259","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In recent years, thanks to the improvement of adhesive techniques, patients affected by tooth wear, related to erosion and/or parafunctional habits, can undergo restoration by adding only what has been lost of their dentition (additive approach). However, since not all clinicians are convinced that dental rehabilitation should be proposed in the early stages of exposed dentin, several treatments are often postponed. It is important to emphasize that, in the early stages, the clinical approach should remain conservative, focusing on dietary counseling, the modification of harmful habits, fluoride application, and risk factor management. Only when these preventive and non-invasive strategies prove insufficient, and the condition continues to progress, should invasive restorative treatments be considered. Unfortunately, epidemiological studies are reporting an increase in the number of young patients affected by erosive tooth wear, and not intercepting these cases earlier could lead to a severe degradation of the affected dentition. In addition, parafunctional habits are also becoming more frequent among patients. The combination of erosion and attrition can be very destructive, and may progress rapidly once dentin is exposed and the risk factors remain unaddressed. The aim of this report was to present a conservative full-mouth rehabilitation approach for severe erosive lesions and to provide a 10-year follow-up assessing the biological, functional, and esthetic outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> In this article, the postponed restorative treatment of a patient, suffering from severe tooth wear, is illustrated. The patient had sought dental treatment in the past; however, due to the already very compromised dentition, a conventional but very aggressive treatment was proposed and refused. Four years later, when the patient finally accepted an alternative conservative therapy, the tooth degradation was very severe, especially at the level of the maxillary anterior teeth. The combination of three different approaches, Speed-Up Therapy, BOPT (Biologically-Oriented Preparation Technique), and the 3 Step Technique, however, improved the capacity to successfully complete the difficult therapeutic task. <b>Results:</b> The biological goals (maintenance of the pulp vitality of all of the teeth and the minimal removal of healthy tooth structure) were accomplished, relying only on adhesive techniques. <b>Conclusions:</b> The overall treatment was very comfortable for the patient and less complicated for the clinician. At 10-year follow-up, biological, functional, and esthetic success was still confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Postoperative Complications and Reoperation Rates of Le Fort I Osteotomies Using Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) or Autogenous Bone Grafts in Patients with Orofacial Clefts and Craniofacial Malformations.","authors":"Noémi Sipos, Junnu Leikola, Arja Heliövaara, Eeva Kormi, Juho Suojanen","doi":"10.3390/dj13060256","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This study aims to evaluate surgical outcomes and compares the prevalence and severity of postoperative complications and reoperations with maxillary osteotomies, focusing on the effectiveness of fixation with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) versus autogenous bone grafts (ABG) in patients with orofacial clefts and craniofacial malformations. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective cohort study included 138 consecutive patients treated at the Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Helsinki University Hospital, from 2014 to 2022. The cohort consisted of patients with clefts (<i>n</i> = 113), craniosynostosis, and craniofacial syndromes (<i>n</i> = 25). The DBM group (<i>n</i> = 103) received DBX^® (Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ, USA), while the ABG group (<i>n</i> = 35) received autogenous bone grafts. Surgical procedures included Le Fort I and bimaxillary osteotomies. Complications involving the maxilla or both jaws were included in the analysis. Both major and minor complications, as well as reoperations, were analyzed and compared. <b>Results:</b> The DBM group had 13.6% of patients with complications, while the ABG group had 20.0%. Reoperation rates were 6.8% for the DBM group and 5.7% for the ABG group. There were no statistically significant differences in complication or reoperation rates between the DBM and ABG groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings suggest that using DBM or ABG in maxillary osteotomies does not significantly affect complication or reoperation rates, supporting DBM as a viable alternative for maxillary surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Drug-Drug Interactions in Dental Patients: A Retrospective Real-World Study.","authors":"Daiana Colibășanu, Sebastian Mihai Ardelean, Florina-Diana Goldiș, Maria-Medana Drăgoi, Sabina-Oana Vasii, Tamara Maksimović, Șerban Colibășanu, Codruța Șoica, Lucreția Udrescu","doi":"10.3390/dj13060255","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a growing safety concern in dental care, particularly among patients with comorbidities and polypharmacy. However, real-world data (RWD) on the prevalence and severity of DDIs in dental settings remain scarce. <b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to assess the frequency, severity, and clinical relevance of DDIs in dental patients and to identify age- and comorbidity-related risk patterns. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study analyzed a cohort of 105 dental patients, considering demographics, preexisting diseases, dental procedures, and prescribed medications. We examined drug-drug interactions (DDIs) employing the DrugBank Drug Interaction Checker, which yields DDI severity into major, moderate, or minor. <b>Results</b>: 45.7% of patients had preexisting diseases, with cardiovascular diseases most prevalent (19.0%). Higher prevalent dental diagnoses and procedures included apical lesions (47.6%) and tooth extractions (53.3%), suggesting frequent pharmacotherapy exposure. We identified 542 DDIs out of 1332 drug pairs and found 2.3% major, 25.0% moderate, and 13.4% minor, with 59.3% showing no interactions. Key high-risk DDIs included epinephrine with beta-blockers. Fifteen patients aged 31-60 years experienced the most major DDIs of 61.3%, patients ≥ 61 years faced 38.7%, and the 0-30 group had none, highlighting age-specific risks. The higher DDIs burden in the 31-60 age group may reflect better knowledge of the drugs they used and accurate reporting of them. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our retrospective study addresses the paucity of dental DDIs real-world data (RWD) studies, pleading for improved drug reconciliation, systematic screening, and age- and comorbidity-tailored strategies to enhance patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reevaluation of Subgingival Calculus: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Stephen K Harrel, Atsutoshi Yoshimura, Charles M Cobb","doi":"10.3390/dj13060257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13060257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Despite a persistent presence in periodontitis, calculus remains a paradox. This narrative review reevaluates the role of calculus in periodontitis based on in situ, ex vivo, and in vitro studies published over the last two decades. <b>Review:</b> Results from multiple studies argue for the reconsideration of calculus as an independent risk factor in periodontitis. The results of a human study suggest that calculus contributes more to inflammation than simply serving as a substrate for biofilm accumulation. Ultrastructure studies have revealed residual calculus embedded in cementum following scaling and root planing (SRP). In vitro studies show that calculus particles can stimulate IL-1β secretion via the NLRP3 inflammasome in human and mouse phagocytes, and the crystalline structure is partially responsible for the activation. Other studies indicate that calculus particles may promote bone resorption via IL-1β induction in patients with periodontitis. Further, heat-treated calculus particles and hydroxyapatite crystals induce cell death in epithelial cell lines, suggesting that calculus plays a role in the breakdown of pocket epithelial integrity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Studies have shown that particles of microscopic calculus persist following traditional SRP. In vitro studies report that sterile and calcined calculus particles free of proteinaceous material are cytotoxic to cultured oral epithelial cells. Collectively, these studies suggest that residual microscopic calculus may be a potential risk factor for the failure of periodontal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}