Current topics in behavioral neurosciences最新文献_第3页

What Can We Learn About Alzheimer's Disease from People with Down Syndrome? 我们能从唐氏综合症患者身上学到什么？

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_546

Lucia Maure-Blesa, Iñigo Rodríguez-Baz, Maria Carmona-Iragui, Juan Fortea

引用次数: 0

Ethical Aspects of Psychedelic-Assisted Treatments: An Overview. 迷幻辅助治疗的伦理问题：综述。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_533

Christopher Poppe, Dimitris Repantis

{"title":"Ethical Aspects of Psychedelic-Assisted Treatments: An Overview.","authors":"Christopher Poppe, Dimitris Repantis","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_533","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we provide an overview of ethical aspects of psychedelic-assisted treatments in the areas of clinical ethics, research ethics, and at the intersection of psychedelic medicine and society. In contrast to earlier psychedelic research, nowadays medical ethics have been firmly established as a discipline regulating patient-physician relationships which highlight the importance of autonomy, shared decision-making and informed consent in clinical ethics. During and after altered states of consciousness, autonomy is particularly important as participants are in a vulnerable state. In this vulnerable state, both touch and suggestibility are central ethical concerns. In turn, the debate surrounding hallucinogenic and nonhallucinogenic psychedelic substances discusses the importance of altered states of consciousness in general. Of further concern are exceptional training requirements and competencies of psychedelic therapists, as well as the particular context of end-of-life care. Lastly, this section discusses how ethical integrity in clinical treatments can be supported through institutions. In research ethics, inclusivity, research equipoise, and expectation management are key issues in the participation and trials, while open question for the posttrial access to care after psychedelic trials remain. Finally, the chapter addresses the question of equitable access to psychedelic medicine. Furthermore, justice for indigenous communities using psychedelics and the impact of legalization and medicalization of psychedelic substances are pressing ethical concerns amidst the \"psychedelic renaissance.\"","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. 经颅磁刺激治疗创伤后应激障碍和广泛性焦虑症。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_540

Samantha L Cilli, Miriam A Goldberg, Camila Cosmo, Amanda R Arulpragasam, Amin Zand Vakili, Yosef A Berlow, Noah S Philip

{"title":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.","authors":"Samantha L Cilli, Miriam A Goldberg, Camila Cosmo, Amanda R Arulpragasam, Amin Zand Vakili, Yosef A Berlow, Noah S Philip","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_540","DOIUrl":"10.1007/7854_2024_540","url":null,"abstract":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are debilitating psychiatric disorders. While treatments are often effective, many patients do not adequately respond or experience significant side effects. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an emerging approach for treating PTSD and GAD. Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be efficacious in reducing psychiatric symptoms; however, results are inconsistent regarding whether any parameter or treatment paradigm is superior. Other RCTs have targeted novel brain regions using newer TMS modalities. Combining TMS with psychotherapy may augment response in patients with PTSD, yet results are inconclusive. Little research has been done on TMS in combination with psychotherapy for GAD, indicating a need for further investigation. Future studies may assess TMS parameter optimization for enhancing effectiveness and improving therapeutic response duration. Identifying response biomarkers through functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography may offer a means to predict and monitor clinical response as precision methods to improve treatment response.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emerging Role of Brain Mitochondria in Fear and Anxiety. 大脑线粒体在恐惧和焦虑中的新作用。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_537

Alessandro Chioino, Carmen Sandi

{"title":"The Emerging Role of Brain Mitochondria in Fear and Anxiety.","authors":"Alessandro Chioino, Carmen Sandi","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_537","url":null,"abstract":"The functional complexity of brain circuits underlies the broad spectrum of behaviors, cognitive functions, and their associated disorders. Mitochondria, traditionally known for their role in cellular energy metabolism, are increasingly recognized as central to brain function and behavior. This review examines how mitochondria are pivotal in linking cellular energy processes with the functioning of neural circuits that govern fear and anxiety. Following an introductory section in which we summarize current knowledge about fear and anxiety neural circuits, we provide a brief summary of mitochondria fundamental roles (e.g., from energy production and calcium buffering to their involvement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dynamics, and signaling), particularly emphasizing their contribution to synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and stress response mechanisms. The review's core focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding how mitochondrial function and dysfunction impact the neural substrates of fear and anxiety. Furthermore, we explore the implications of mitochondrial alterations in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders, underscoring the potential of mitochondrial pathways as new therapeutic targets. Integrating insights from genetic, biochemical, neurobiological, behavioral, and clinical studies, we propose a model in which mitochondrial function is critical for regulating the neural circuits that underpin fear and anxiety behaviors, highlighting how mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to their pathological manifestations. This integration emphasizes the potential for developing novel treatments targeting the biological roots of fear, anxiety, and related disorders. By merging mitochondrial biology with behavioral and circuit neuroscience, we enrich our neurobiological understanding of fear and anxiety, uncovering promising avenues for therapeutic intervention.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epistemic Risk Reduction in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy. 在迷幻辅助疗法中降低认识风险。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_531

Chiara Caporuscio, Sascha Benjamin Fink

{"title":"Epistemic Risk Reduction in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy.","authors":"Chiara Caporuscio, Sascha Benjamin Fink","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_531","url":null,"abstract":"Belief change is crucial to therapeutic benefit in psychedelic-assisted therapy as well as in more traditional forms of therapy. However, the use of psychedelics comes with a few unique challenges that require extra caution. First, drastic belief changes may occur faster than in regular therapy. Facing radical and transformative insights all at once rather than through a gradual process of discovery and integration can lead patients to a volatile, confusing or disorienting epistemic state. Additionally, we know psychedelic substances generate hallucinatory experiences that come with a high degree of confidence and noetic certainty despite not necessarily being connected with reality. On the other hand, telling a patient which ones of her beliefs are true and which ones are not seems beyond the competence of a psychotherapist, if not an abuse of their authority and power. This is even more dangerous when psychedelics are involved, because power imbalance between patient and therapist is exacerbated by the therapist's role as a guiding figure throughout an intense altered state of consciousness. Because of this suggestible state, the therapist's beliefs might have a disproportionate influence, and even well-intentioned nudging might significantly stray the patient's beliefs.How can a therapist help a patient navigate their epistemic uncertainty around psychedelic insights while preserving the patient's autonomy? This chapter will attempt to answer this question through a philosophical and epistemological lens. We will review different strategies to mitigate epistemic risks in psychedelic-assisted therapy and argue that such risks can be significantly reduced by adapting these strategies dynamically to the individual patient's needs.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. 阿尔茨海默氏症患者的认知能力下降。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_527

Abigail A Testo, Gwenyth Roundy, Julie A Dumas

{"title":"Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Abigail A Testo, Gwenyth Roundy, Julie A Dumas","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_527","url":null,"abstract":"Deficits in memory, language, and other cognitive domains that impact an individual's ability to perform necessary tasks of daily living are symptoms of dementia, which is a major cause of death and disability in older adults. As the global population continues to age, deepening our understanding of dementia is crucial. Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia and accounts for between 60% and 80% of total dementia cases. Declines in episodic memory are considered a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and occur early in disease progression. The cognitive effects of Alzheimer's disease differ from the cognitive changes expected in nonpathological or normal aging. While some cognitive changes are expected as a part of the aging processes, the declines in cognition associated with Alzheimer's disease are to a degree that the individual diagnosed with the disease is unable to function independently in activities of daily living. In this review, we will discuss how cognition is impacted by both normal and pathological aging, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease. We describe the progressive nature of Alzheimer's disease, as well as the effects of each stage of the disease on cognition.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cholinergic System Structure and Function Changes in Individuals with Down Syndrome During the Development of Alzheimer's Disease. 唐氏综合征患者胆碱能系统结构和功能在阿尔茨海默病发展过程中的变化。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_523

Jason K Russell, Alexander C Conley, Jo Ellen Wilson, Paul A Newhouse

{"title":"Cholinergic System Structure and Function Changes in Individuals with Down Syndrome During the Development of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Jason K Russell, Alexander C Conley, Jo Ellen Wilson, Paul A Newhouse","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_523","url":null,"abstract":"Adults with Down syndrome represent the population with the highest risk of developing Alzheimer's disease worldwide. The cholinergic system is known to decline in Alzheimer's disease, with this decline responsible for many of the cognitive deficits that develop. The integrity of the cholinergic system across the lifespan in individuals with Down syndrome is not well characterized. Small fetal and infant post-mortem studies suggest an intact cholinergic projection system with a potential reduction in cholinergic receptors, while post-mortem studies in adults with Down syndrome reveal an age-related decrease in cholinergic integrity. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) over the last 20 years have allowed for studies investigating the changes in cholinergic integrity across aging and during the development of Alzheimer's disease. One large cross-sectional study demonstrated reduced cholinergic basal forebrain volume measured by MRI associated with increasing Alzheimer's disease pathology. In a small cohort of adults with Down syndrome, we have recently reported that PET measures of cholinergic integrity negatively correlated with amyloid accumulation. New disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease and treatments under development for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome have the potential to preserve the cholinergic system, while treatments targeting the cholinergic system directly may be used in conjunction with disease-modifying therapies to improve cognitive function further. A greater understanding of cholinergic neuronal and receptor integrity across the lifespan in individuals with Down syndrome will provide insights as to when targeting the cholinergic system is an appropriate therapeutic option and, in the future, maybe a valuable screening tool to identify individuals that would most benefit from cholinergic interventions.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subjective Time in Ordinary and Non-ordinary States of Consciousness: How Interoceptive Feelings Inform Us About the Passage of Time. 普通和非普通意识状态下的主观时间：感知间感觉如何告诉我们时间的流逝》。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_520

Marc Wittmann, Sylvie Droit-Volet

引用次数: 0

Biological Sex Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease. 阿尔茨海默病的生物性别差异。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_545

Jawza A Almutairi, Emma J Kidd

{"title":"Biological Sex Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Jawza A Almutairi, Emma J Kidd","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_545","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease is a highly complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, with age being the most significant risk factor. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease doubles every 5 years after the age of 65. Consequently, one of the major challenges in Alzheimer's disease research is understanding how the brain changes with age. Gaining insights into these changes could help identify individuals who are more prone to developing Alzheimer's disease as they age. Over the past 25 years, studies on brain aging have examined thousands of human brains to explore the neuronal basis of age-related cognitive decline. However, most of these studies have focused on adults over 60, often neglecting the critical menopause transition period. During menopause, women experience a substantial decline in ovarian sex hormone production, with a decrease of about 90% in estrogen levels. Estrogen is known for its neuroprotective effects, and its significant loss during menopause affects various biological systems, including the brain. Importantly, despite known differences in dementia risk between sexes, the impact of biological sex and sex hormones on brain aging and the development of Alzheimer's disease remains underexplored.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA Methylation in Alzheimer's Disease. 阿尔茨海默病的 DNA 甲基化。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_530

Luke Weymouth, Adam R Smith, Katie Lunnon

引用次数: 0